13.4.1.10.1 ICA, PCA in Face Recognition

Chapter Contents (Back)
PCA. Face, PCA. ICA. Face, ICA. Face Recognition. Principal Components.

Moon, H.J.[Hyeon-Joon], Phillips, P.J.[P. Jonathon],
Computational and performance aspects of PCA-based face recognition algorithms,
Perception(30), No. 3, 2001, pp. 303-321.
See also FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms, The. Evaluation, Faces. BibRef 0100
Earlier:
Analysis of PCA-based Face Recognition Algorithms,
EEMCV98(xx). BibRef
And: EEMTV98(xx) BibRef
And: A2, A1: AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef

Pujol, A.[Albert], Vitrià, J.[Jordi], Lumbreras, F.[Felipe], Villanueva, J.J.[Juan José],
Topological principal component analysis for face encoding and recognition,
PRL(22), No. 6-7, May 2001, pp. 769-776.
Elsevier DOI 0105
BibRef

Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Face recognition using kernel principal component analysis,
SPLetters(9), No. 2, February 2002, pp. 40-42.
IEEE Top Reference. 0204
BibRef

Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Psarrou, A.[Alexandra], Romdhani, S.[Sami],
Corresponding dynamic appearances,
IVC(20), No. 4, April 2002, pp. 307-318.
Elsevier DOI 0203
Modeling faces with large pose variations. Use with PCA approach. BibRef

Bartlett, M.S., Movellan, J.R., and Sejnowski, T.J.,
Face recognition by independent component analysis,
TNN(13), No. 6, November 2002, pp. 1450-1464.
WWW Link. BibRef 0211

Draper, B.A.[Bruce A.], Baek, K.[Kyungim], Bartlett, M.S.[Marian Stewart], Beveridge, J.R.[J. Ross],
Recognizing faces with PCA and ICA,
CVIU(91), No. 1-2, July-August 2003, pp. 115-137.
Elsevier DOI 0309

See also Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning. BibRef

Kurita, T.[Takio], and Takahashi, T.[Takashi],
Viewpoint independent face recognition by competition of the viewpoint dependent classifiers,
Neurocomputing(51), April 2003, pp. 181-195.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 0304

Kurita, T., Hosoi, T., Hidaka, A.,
Principal Component Analysis of Multi-view Images for Viewpoint-Independent Face Recognition,
AVSBS06(55-55).
IEEE DOI 0611
BibRef

Kurita, T., Takahashi, T., Ikeda, Y.,
A neural network classifier for occluded images,
ICPR02(III: 45-48).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Déniz-Suárez, O.[Oscar], Castrillón-Santana, M.[Modesto], Hernández, M.[Mario],
Face Recognition Using Independent Component Analysis and Support Vector Machines,
PRL(24), No. 13, September 2003, pp. 2153-2157.
Elsevier DOI 0307
BibRef
Earlier: AVBPA01(59).
Springer DOI 0310
BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Sankur, B.[Bülent],
Feature selection in the independent component subspace for face recognition,
PRL(25), No. 12, September 2004, pp. 1377-1388.
Elsevier DOI 0409
BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Sankur, B.[Bülent],
Multiresolution face recognition,
IVC(23), No. 5, 1 May 2005, pp. 469-477.
Elsevier DOI 0501

See also Multi-pose Face Recognition for Person Retrieval in Camera Networks. BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Automatic Frequency Band Selection for Illumination Robust Face Recognition,
ICPR10(2684-2687).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Generic versus Salient Region-Based Partitioning for Local Appearance Face Recognition,
ICB09(367-375).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Gao, H.[Hua], Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
A ranking model for face alignment with Pseudo Census Transform,
ICPR12(1116-1119).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Gao, H.[Hua], Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Fischer, M.[Mika], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Boosting Pseudo Census Transform Features for Face Alignment,
BMVC11(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 1110
BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Fischer, M.[Mika], Gao, H.[Hua], Toth, L.[Lorant], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Face recognition for smart interactions,
FG08(1-2).
IEEE DOI 0809
BibRef

Gao, H.[Hua], Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Fischer, M.[Mika], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Multi-resolution Local Appearance-Based Face Verification,
ICPR10(1501-1504).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Gao, H.[Hua], Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Pose Normalization for Local Appearance-Based Face Recognition,
ICB09(32-41).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, Only:
Analysis of Local Appearance-Based Face Recognition: Effects of Feature Selection and Feature Normalization,
Biometrics06(34).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
And:
Block Selection in the Local Appearance-based Face Recognition Scheme,
Biometrics06(43).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
And:
A Generic Face Representation Approach for Local Appearance Based Face Verification,
FRGC05(III: 155-155).
IEEE DOI 0507
BibRef

Gottumukkal, R.[Rajkiran], Asari, V.K.[Vijayan K.],
An improved face recognition technique based on modular PCA approach,
PRL(25), No. 4, March 2004, pp. 429-436.
Elsevier DOI 0402
BibRef
And:
Learning skin distribution using a sparse map,
ICIP04(I: 199-202).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef
And:
Illumination invariant faces,
AIPR04(150-152).
IEEE DOI 0410
BibRef
Earlier:
Real time face detection from color video stream based on PCA method,
AIPR03(146-150).
IEEE DOI 0310
BibRef

Gudur, N., Asari, V.K.,
Gabor Wavelet Based Modular PCA Approach for Expression and Illumination Invariant Face Recognition,
AIPR06(13-13).
IEEE DOI 0610
BibRef

Sankaran, P., Asari, V.,
A multi-view approach on modular PCA for illumination and pose invariant face recognition,
AIPR04(165-170).
IEEE DOI 0410
BibRef

Gundimada, S.[Satyanadh], Tao, L.[Li], Asari, V.K.[Vijayan K.],
Face detection technique based on intesity and skin color distribution,
ICIP04(II: 1413-1416).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Seow, M.J.[Ming-Jung], Valaparla, D., Asari, V.K.,
Neural network based skin color model for face detection,
AIPR03(141-145).
IEEE DOI 0310
BibRef

Seow, M.J.[Ming-Jung], Asari, V.K.,
Associative memory based on ratio learning for real time skin color detection,
AIPR03(151-156).
IEEE DOI 0310
BibRef

Gundimada, S.[Satyanadh], Asari, V.K.[Vijayan K.],
Facial Recognition Using Multisensor Images Based on Localized Kernel Eigen Spaces,
IP(18), No. 6, June 2009, pp. 1314-1325.
IEEE DOI 0905
BibRef
Earlier:
An Adaptive Weight Assignment Scheme in Linear Subspace Approaches for Face Recognition,
ACCV06(II:541-550).
Springer DOI 0601
BibRef
Earlier:
Adaptive confidence level assignment to segmented human face regions for improved face recognition,
AIPR05(100-105).
IEEE DOI 0510
BibRef
And:
Face Alignment and Adaptive Weight Assignment for Robust Face Recognition,
ISVC05(191-198).
Springer DOI 0512
BibRef

Alex, A.T.[Ann Theja], Asari, V.K.[Vijayan K.], Mathew, A.[Alex],
Local Alignment of Gradient Features for Face Sketch Recognition,
ISVC12(II: 378-387).
Springer DOI 1209
BibRef
Earlier:
Neighborhood Dependent Approximation by Nonlinear Embedding for Face Recognition,
CIAP11(I: 544-553).
Springer DOI 1109
BibRef

Perlibakas, V.[Vytautas],
Distance measures for PCA-based face recognition,
PRL(25), No. 6, 19 April 2004, pp. 711-724.
Elsevier DOI 0405
Best 3: simplified Mahalanobis, weighted angle-based distance, proposed modified SSE-based distance. BibRef

Chen, S.C.[Song-Can], Zhu, Y.L.[Yu-Lian],
Subpattern-based principle component analysis,
PR(37), No. 5, May 2004, pp. 1081-1083.
Elsevier DOI 0405
BibRef

Tan, K.R.[Ke-Ren], and Chen, S.C.[Song-Can],
Adaptively weighted sub-pattern PCA for face recognition,
Neurocomputing(64), March 2005, Pages 505-511.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 0503

Jang, J.S.[Jun-Su], Han, K.H.[Kuk-Hyun], Kim, J.H.[Jong-Hwan],
Evolutionary algorithm-based face verification,
PRL(25), No. 16, December 2004, pp. 1857-1865.
Elsevier DOI 0411
PCA for faces. BibRef

Chen, X.[Xin], Flynn, P.J.[Patrick J.], Bowyer, K.W.[Kevin W.],
IR and visible light face recognition,
CVIU(99), No. 3, September 2005, pp. 332-358.
Elsevier DOI 0508
BibRef
Earlier:
PCA-based face recognition in infrared imagery: baseline and comparative studies,
AMFG03(127-134).
IEEE DOI 0311
Visible and infrared. BibRef

Mery, D.[Domingo], Bowyer, K.W.[Kevin W.],
Recognition of Facial Attributes Using Adaptive Sparse Representations of Random Patches,
SoftBio14(778-792).
Springer DOI 1504
BibRef

Zhang, D.Q.A.[Dao-Qi-Ang], Zhou, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua], Chen, S.C.[Song-Can],
Diagonal principal component analysis for face recognition,
PR(39), No. 1, January 2006, pp. 140-142.
Elsevier DOI 0512
BibRef

Zhang, Y.[Yin], Zhou, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua],
Cost-sensitive face recognition,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0806
BibRef

Jing, X.Y.[Xiao-Yuan], Wong, H.S.[Hau-San], Zhang, D.[David],
Face recognition based on 2D Fisherface approach,
PR(39), No. 4, April 2006, pp. 707-710.
Elsevier DOI 0604
Discriminative feature extraction; 2D principal component; 2D discriminant vector BibRef

Palaniappan, R.[Ramaswamy], Ravi, K.V.R.,
Improving visual evoked potential feature classification for person recognition using PCA and normalization,
PRL(27), No. 7, May 2006, pp. 726-733.
Elsevier DOI 0604
Biometrics; Electroencephalogram; Linear discriminant; Nearest neighbor; Simplified fuzzy ARTMAP; Visual evoked potential BibRef

Dagher, I., Nachar, R.,
Face Recognition Using IPCA-ICA Algorithm,
PAMI(28), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 996-1000.
IEEE DOI 0605
BibRef

Song, Y.J.[Young-Jun], Kim, Y.G.[Young-Gil], Chang, U.D.[Un-Dong], Kwon, H.B.[Heak Bong],
Face recognition robust to left/right shadows; facial symmetry,
PR(39), No. 8, August 2006, pp. 1542-1545.
Elsevier DOI 0606
Face recognition; PCA; Facial symmetry; Illumination BibRef

Fan, X.[Xin], Huang, H.[Hua], Liang, D.Q.[De-Qun], Qi, C.[Chun],
A hybrid parallel projection approach to object-based image restoration,
PRL(27), No. 10, 15 July 2006, pp. 1045-1053.
Elsevier DOI 0606
Maximum likelihood estimation; Set theoretic estimation; Parallel projection algorithm; Face image restoration with PCA. BibRef

Delac, K.[Kresimir], Grgic, M.[Mislav], Grgic, S.[Sonja],
Independent comparative study of PCA, ICA, and LDA on the FERET data set,
IJIST(15), No. 5, 2005, pp. 252-260.
DOI Link 0512
BibRef

Yang, J.[Jian], Gao, X.M.[Xiu-Mei], Zhang, D.[David], Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu],
Kernel ICA: An alternative formulation and its application to face recognition,
PR(38), No. 10, October 2005, pp. 1784-1787.
Elsevier DOI 0508

See also Face recognition based on a group decision-making combination approach.
See also Robust sparse coding for face recognition. BibRef

Chen, C.K.[Cai-Kou], Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Yang, J.[Jian],
Fusion of PCA and KFDA for rapid face recognition,
ICARCV04(I: 375-379).
IEEE DOI 0412
BibRef

Yang, J.[Jian], Zhang, D.[David], Yang, J.Y.[Jing-Yu],
Is ICA Significantly Better than PCA for Face Recognition?,
ICCV05(I: 198-203).
IEEE DOI 0510
BibRef

Yang, J.[Jian], Liu, C.J.[Cheng-Jun],
A General Discriminant Model for Color Face Recognition,
ICCV07(1-6).
IEEE DOI 0710
BibRef
And:
Horizontal and Vertical 2DPCA Based Discriminant Analysis for Face Verification Using the FRGC Version 2 Database,
ICB07(838-847).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Kim, J.S.[Jong-Sun], Choi, J.M.[Jong-Moo], Yi, J.H.[June-Ho], Turk, M.,
Effective Representation Using ICA for Face Recognition Robust to Local Distortion and Partial Occlusion,
PAMI(27), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 1977-1981.
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef

Kim, J.S.[Jong-Sun], Yi, J.H.[June-Ho],
Robust Face Recognition Based on Part-Based Localized Basis Images,
CIAP05(1026-1034).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Kim, J.S.[Jong-Sun], Choi, J.M.[Jong-Moo], Yi, J.H.[June-Ho],
ICA Based Face Recognition Robust to Partial Occlusions and Local Distortions,
ICBA04(147-154).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef
And:
Face Recognition Based on Locally Salient ICA Information,
BioAW04(1-9).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Cheng, J.[Jian], Liu, Q.S.[Qing-Shan], Lu, H.Q.[Han-Qing], Chen, Y.W.[Yen-Wei],
Ensemble learning for independent component analysis,
PR(39), No. 1, January 2006, pp. 81-88.
Elsevier DOI 0512
BibRef
Earlier:
Texture Classification Using Kernel Independent Component Analysis,
ICPR04(I: 620-623).
IEEE DOI 0409
To deal with small sample size and problems in choosing basis functions. Random sampling to generate some low dimensional feature spaces, one classifier for each space, combine results in ensemble fashion. BibRef

Liu, Q.S.[Qing-Shan], Cheng, J.[Jian], Lu, H.Q.[Han-Qing], Ma, S.D.[Song-De],
Modeling face appearance with nonlinear independent component analysis,
AFGR04(761-766).
IEEE DOI 0411
BibRef

Liu, T.L.[Ting-Lin], Liu, J.[Jing], Liu, Q.S.[Qin-Shan], Lu, H.Q.[Han-Qing],
Expanded bag of words representation for object classification,
ICIP09(297-300).
IEEE DOI 0911
Add dependency relationships among visual words. BibRef

Xie, X., Lam, K.M.,
Gabor-Based Kernel PCA With Doubly Nonlinear Mapping for Face Recognition With a Single Face Image,
IP(15), No. 9, August 2006, pp. 2481-2492.
IEEE DOI 0608
BibRef

Sanguansat, P.[Parinya], Asdornwised, W.[Widhyakorn], Jitapunkul, S.[Somchai], Marukatat, S.[Sanparith],
Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis of Principle Component Vectors for Face Recognition,
IEICE(E89-D), No. 7, July 2006, pp. 2164-2170.
DOI Link 0607
BibRef
Earlier:
Class-Specific Subspace-Based Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis for Face Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1246-1249).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Asavaskulkeit, K., Jitapunkul, S.,
The Color Face Hallucination with the Linear Regression Model and MPCA in HSV Space,
WSSIP09(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0906
BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
A View Independent Video-Based Face Recognition Method Using Posterior Probability in Kernel Fisher Discriminant Space,
IEICE(E89-D), No. 7, July 2006, pp. 2150-2156.
DOI Link 0607
BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
Pose independent object classification from small number of training samples based on kernel principal component analysis of local parts,
IVC(27), No. 9, 3 August 2009, pp. 1240-1251.
Elsevier DOI 0906
Pose independence; Local features; Kernel principal component analysis; Face recognition; 3D object recognition BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
Scene Classification Using Candidate Classes Selection with Particle Filter and Criterion Mining for Final Decision with AdaBoost,
DICTA11(126-133).
IEEE DOI 1205
BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
Local co-occurrence features in subspace obtained by KPCA of local blob visual words for scene classification,
PR(45), No. 10, October 2012, pp. 3687-3694.
Elsevier DOI 1206
BibRef
Earlier:
Scene Classification Using Local Co-occurrence Feature in Subspace Obtained by KPCA of Local Blob Visual Words,
ICPR10(4230-4233).
IEEE DOI 1008
Local co-occurrence; Scene classification; Norm normalization; KPCA of visual words; Local blob BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
Local autocorrelation of similarities with subspaces for shift invariant scene classification,
PR(44), No. 4, April 2011, pp. 794-799.
Elsevier DOI 1101
BibRef
Earlier:
Scene classification based on local autocorrelation of similarities with subspaces,
ICIP09(2053-2056).
IEEE DOI 0911
Scene classification; Local autocorrelation; Shift invariance; KPCA of visual words BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
Object Categorization Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis of Visual Words,
WACV08(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0801
BibRef
Earlier:
View Independent Face Recognition Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis of Local Parts,
ICIP05(III: 760-763).
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
View independent face detection based on horizontal rectangular features and accuracy improvement using combination kernel of various sizes,
PR(42), No. 3, March 2009, pp. 437-444.
Elsevier DOI 0811
BibRef
Earlier:
A robust face detector under partial occlusion,
ICIP04(I: 597-600).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef
Earlier:
View-invariant face detection method based on local PCA cells,
CIAP03(57-62).
IEEE DOI 0310
BibRef
Earlier:
Object detection method based on local kernels and automatic kernel selection by Kullback-Leibler divergence,
WACV02(105-111).
IEEE DOI 0303
Combination kernel; Summation kernel; Local kernel; View independence; Horizontal rectangular features; Face detection; Support vector machine
See also Robust face recognition under partial occlusion based on support vector machine with local Gaussian summation kernel. BibRef

Hotta, K.[Kazuhiro],
Non-linear feature extraction by linear PCA using local kernel,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Hotta, K., Kurita, T., Mishima, T.,
Scale Invariant Face Detection Method Using Higher-Order Local Autocorrelation Features Extracted from Log-Polar Image,
AFGR98(70-75).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800

Liang, Z.Z.[Zhi-Zheng], Zhang, D.[David], Shi, P.F.[Peng-Fei],
The theoretical analysis of GLRAM and its applications,
PR(40), No. 3, March 2007, pp. 1032-1041.
Elsevier DOI 0611
PCA; 2DPCA; GLRAM; Face recognition; Character recognition BibRef

Wang, H.H.[Hua-Hua], Zhou, Y.[Yue], Ge, X.[Xinliang], Yang, J.[Jie],
Subspace evolution analysis for face representation and recognition,
PR(40), No. 1, January 2007, pp. 335-338.
Elsevier DOI 0611
PCA; 2D PCA; LDA; Iterative sampling technique; Divide-conquer-merge BibRef

Yu, H.C.[Hong-Chuan], Bennamoun, M.[Mohammed],
Complete invariants for robust face recognition,
PR(40), No. 5, May 2007, pp. 1579-1591.
Elsevier DOI 0702
BibRef
Earlier:
1D-PCA, 2D-PCA to nD-PCA,
ICPR06(IV: 181-184).
IEEE DOI 0609
Complete invariants; Similarity transforms; Fourier-Mellin transform; Analytical Fourier-Mellin transform; 2D-PCA; Face verification BibRef

Meng, J.C.[Ji-Cheng], Zhang, W.B.[Wen-Bin],
Volume measure in 2DPCA-based face recognition,
PRL(28), No. 10, 15 July 2007, pp. 1203-1208.
Elsevier DOI 0706
Face recognition; Two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA); Distance measure; Volume measure BibRef

Satyanarayana, C., Potukuchi, D.M., Reddy, L.P.[L. Pratap],
Performance evaluation of incremental training method for face recognition using PCA,
RealTimeIP(1), No. 4, July 2007, pp. 311-327.
Springer DOI 0707
BibRef

Yang, J., Zhang, D., Yang, J.Y.,
Constructing PCA Baseline Algorithms to Reevaluate ICA-Based Face-Recognition Performance,
SMC-B(37), No. 4, August 2007, pp. 1015-1021.
IEEE DOI 0707
BibRef

Liao, L.Z., Luo, S.W., Tian, M.,
'Whitenedfaces' Recognition With PCA and ICA,
SPLetters(14), No. 12, December 2007, pp. 1008-1011.
IEEE DOI 0711
BibRef

Wang, H.Y.[Hui-Yuan], Leng, Y.[Yan], Wang, Z.F.[Zeng-Feng], Wu, X.J.[Xiao-Juan],
Application of image correction and bit-plane fusion in generalized PCA based face recognition,
PRL(28), No. 16, December 2007, pp. 2352-2358.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Face recognition; Image correction; Bit-plane; Feature fusion; Generalized PCA BibRef

Rowe, S.M.[Simon Michael], McLean, A.W.[Alistair William],
Method and apparatus for generating models of individuals,
US_Patent7,257,239, Aug 14, 2007
WWW Link. PCA BibRef 0708

Kwak, N.J.[No-Jun],
Feature Extraction for Classification Problems and Its Application to Face Recognition,
PR(41), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 1718-1734.
Elsevier DOI 0711
ICA; Classification; Feature extraction; Face recognition; Facial expression
See also Generalized Mean For Feature Extraction in One-Class Classification Problems. BibRef

Kwak, N.J.[No-Jun],
Kernel discriminant analysis for regression problems,
PR(45), No. 5, May 2012, pp. 2019-2031.
Elsevier DOI 1201
Regression; Feature extraction; Dimensionality reduction; Discriminant analysis; Kernel trick; KDAr BibRef

Kwak, N.J.[No-Jun], Choi, C.H.[Chong-Ho],
Input Feature Selection by Mutual Information Based on Parzen Window,
PAMI(24), No. 12, December 2002, pp. 1667-1671.
IEEE Abstract. 0212
BibRef

Kwak, N.J.[No-Jun], Choi, C.H.[Chong-Ho], Ahuja, N.,
Face recognition using feature extraction based on independent component analysis,
ICIP02(II: 337-340).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Kwak, N.J.[No-Jun],
Principal Component Analysis Based on L1-Norm Maximization,
PAMI(30), No. 9, September 2008, pp. 1672-1680.
IEEE DOI 0808
BibRef

Kwak, N.J.[No-Jun],
Principal Component Analysis by L_p-Norm Maximization,
Cyber(44), No. 5, May 2014, pp. 594-609.
IEEE DOI 1405
computational complexity BibRef

Hu, H.F.[Hai-Feng], Zhang, P.[Ping], Ma, Z.M.[Zheng-Ming],
Direct kernel neighborhood discriminant analysis for face recognition,
PRL(30), No. 10, 15 July 2009, pp. 902-907.
Elsevier DOI 0906
Direct kernel neighborhood preserving discriminant analysis; Face recognition; Linear discriminant analysis; Small sample size problem BibRef

Hu, H.F.[Hai-Feng],
Orthogonal neighborhood preserving discriminant analysis for face recognition,
PR(41), No. 6, June 2008, pp. 2045-2054.
Elsevier DOI 0802
Face recognition; Orthogonal neighborhood preserving discriminant analysis; Fisher linear discriminant analysis; Principal component analysis; Locality preserving projection BibRef

Hu, H.F.[Hai-Feng],
Augmented DT-CWT feature based classification using Regularized Neighborhood Projection Discriminant Analysis for face recognition,
PR(44), No. 3, March 2011, pp. 519-531.
Elsevier DOI 1011
Face recognition; Regularized Neighborhood Projection Discriminant Analysis (RNPDA); Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD); Augmented Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (ADT-CWT) BibRef

Hu, H.F.[Hai-Feng],
ICA-based neighborhood preserving analysis for face recognition,
CVIU(112), No. 3, December 2008, pp. 286-295.
Elsevier DOI 0811
Face recognition; Independence component based neighborhood preserving analysis (IC-NPA); Enhanced independent component analysis (EICA); Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA); Principal component analysis (PCA); Locality preserving projection (LPP) BibRef

Hu, H.F.[Hai-Feng],
Face Recognition With Image Sets Using Locally Grassmannian Discriminant Analysis,
CirSysVideo(24), No. 9, September 2014, pp. 1461-1474.
IEEE DOI 1410
face recognition
See also Multiscale illumination normalization for face recognition using dual-tree complex wavelet transform in logarithm domain. BibRef

Hu, H.F.[Hai-Feng],
Sparse Discriminative Multimanifold Grassmannian Analysis for Face Recognition With Image Sets,
CirSysVideo(25), No. 10, October 2015, pp. 1599-1611.
IEEE DOI 1511
Gaussian processes BibRef

Wang, L.[Lin], Li, Y.P.[Yong-Ping], Wang, C.B.[Cheng-Bo], Zhang, H.Z.[Hong-Zhou],
2D Gaborface representation method for face recognition with ensemble and multichannel model,
IVC(26), No. 6, 1 June 2008, pp. 820-828.
Elsevier DOI 0804
Face recognition; Gaborface; 2D principal component analysis (PCA); (2D)2PCA; Feature extraction; Multichannel; Decision level fusion BibRef

Wang, C.[Chao], Li, Y.P.[Yong-Ping], Wang, C.B.[Cheng-Bo],
An efficient illumination compensation based on plane-fit for face recognition,
ICARCV08(939-943).
IEEE DOI 1109
BibRef

Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Decision-level Fusion Of Pca And Lda-based Face Recognition Algorithms,
IJIG(6), No. 2, April 2006, pp. 293-311. 0604
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Semi-supervised PCA-Based Face Recognition Using Self-training,
SSPR06(560-568).
Springer DOI 0608
BibRef

Fu, Y.[Yun], Li, Z., Yuan, J., Wu, Y., Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Locality Versus Globality: Query-Driven Localized Linear Models for Facial Image Computing,
CirSysVideo(18), No. 12, December 2008, pp. 1741-1752.
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Tu, J.L.[Ji-Lin], Fu, Y.[Yun], Ivanovic, A.[Alexandar], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.], Fei-Fei, L.[Li],
Variational Transform Invariant Mixture of Probabilistic PCA,
WACV08(1-6).
IEEE DOI There were 2 listings:
IEEE DOI 0801
BibRef

Tu, J.L.[Ji-Lin], Ivanovic, A.[Aleksandar], Xu, X.[Xun], Fei-Fei, L.[Li], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Variational Shift Invariant Probabilistic PCA for Face Recognition,
ICPR06(III: 548-551).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Harandi, M.T.[Mehrtash T.], Ahmadabadi, M.N.[Majid Nili], Araabi, B.N.[Babak N.],
Optimal Local Basis: A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Face Recognition,
IJCV(81), No. 2, February 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0901
BibRef
Earlier:
Face recognition using reinforcement learning,
ICIP04(IV: 2709-2712).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Safari, M., Harandi, M.T., Araabi, B.N.,
A SVM-based method for face recognition using a wavelet PCA representation of faces,
ICIP04(II: 853-856).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Hsieh, P.C.[Ping-Cheng], Tung, P.C.[Pi-Cheng],
A novel hybrid approach based on sub-pattern technique and whitened PCA for face recognition,
PR(42), No. 5, May 2009, pp. 978-984.
Elsevier DOI 0902
Face recognition; Feature extraction; Principal component analysis (PCA); Independent component analysis (ICA); Sub-pattern technique BibRef

Chakrabarti, A.[Ayan], Rajagopalan, A.N., Chellappa, R.[Rama],
Super-Resolution of Face Images Using Kernel PCA-Based Prior,
MultMed(9), No. 4, 2007, pp. 888-892.
IEEE DOI 0905
BibRef

Ren, C.X.[Chuan-Xian], Dai, D.Q.[Dao-Qing],
Incremental learning of bidirectional principal components for face recognition,
PR(43), No. 1, January 2010, pp. 318-330.
Elsevier DOI 0909
Incremental learning; Bidirectional principal component analysis; Singular value decomposition; Tensor; k-Mode unfolding; Face recognition BibRef

Ren, C.X.[Chuan-Xian], Dai, D.Q.[Dao-Qing],
Bilinear Lanczos components for fast dimensionality reduction and feature extraction,
PR(43), No. 11, November 2010, pp. 3742-3752.
Elsevier DOI 1008
Bilinear Lanczos component; Fast low-rank approximation; Dimensionality reduction; Feature extraction; Image classification; Face recognition BibRef

Liu, X.Z., Yuen, P.C., Feng, G.C., Chen, W.S.,
Learning Kernel in Kernel-Based LDA for Face Recognition Under Illumination Variations,
SPLetters(16), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 1019-1022.
IEEE DOI 0909
BibRef

Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.], Lai, J.H.,
Face representation using independent component analysis,
PR(35), No. 6, June 2002, pp. 1247-1257.
Elsevier DOI 0203

See also Face Recognition Using Holistic Fourier Invariant Features. BibRef

Feng, G.C., Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.], Lai, J.H.,
Virtual View Face Image Synthesis Using 3D Spring-based Face Model from A Single Image,
AFGR00(530-535).
IEEE DOI 0003
BibRef

Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.], Dai, D., Feng, G.C.,
Human Face Image retrieval System for Large Database,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1585-1588).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Qu, Z.H.[Zhen-Hua], Qiu, G.P.[Guo-Ping], Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.],
Learning a discriminative sparse tri-value transform,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
project face data to lower dimensionality BibRef

Mena-Chalco, J.P.[Jesús P.], Macêdo, I.[Ives], Velho, L.[Luiz], Cesar, Jr., R.M.[Roberto M.],
3D face computational photography using PCA spaces,
VC(25), No. 10, October 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0910
BibRef

Jiang, X.D.[Xu-Dong],
Asymmetric Principal Component and Discriminant Analyses for Pattern Classification,
PAMI(31), No. 5, May 2009, pp. 931-937.
IEEE DOI 0903
Analysis, 2 class problem. BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yong], Wu, Y.[Yi],
Complete neighborhood preserving embedding for face recognition,
PR(43), No. 3, March 2010, pp. 1008-1015.
Elsevier DOI 1001
Dimensionality reduction; Locally linear embedding; Neighborhood preserving embedding; Principal component analysis; Linear discriminant analysis; Face recognition BibRef

Lu, G.F.[Gui-Fu], Wang, Y., Zou, J.,
Improved complete neighbourhood preserving embedding for face recognition,
IET-CV(7), No. 1, 2013, pp. 71-79.
DOI Link 1307
BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yong], Wu, Y.[Yi],
Face recognition using Intrinsicfaces,
PR(43), No. 10, October 2010, pp. 3580-3590.
Elsevier DOI 1007
Dimensionality reduction; Principal component analysis; Linear discriminant analysis; Intrinsic discriminant analysis; Face recognition BibRef

Deng, W.H.[Wei-Hong], Hu, J.[Jiani], Guo, J.[Jun], Cai, W.D.[Wei-Dong], Feng, D.D.[David Dagan],
Emulating biological strategies for uncontrolled face recognition,
PR(43), No. 6, June 2010, pp. 2210-2223.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Face recognition; Biologically inspired Linear discriminant analysis; Dimensionality reduction; Information fusion BibRef

Thomaz, C.E.[Carlos Eduardo], Giraldi, G.A.[Gilson Antonio],
A new ranking method for principal components analysis and its application to face image analysis,
IVC(28), No. 6, June 2010, pp. 902-913.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Principal components analysis; Separating hyperplanes; High dimensional problems; Face image analysis BibRef

Filisbino, T.A.[Tiene A.], Giraldi, G.A.[Gilson A.], Thomaz, C.E.[Carlos E.],
Comparing Ranking Methods for Tensor Components in Multilinear and Concurrent Subspace Analysis with Applications in Face Images,
IJIG(15), No. 01, 2015, pp. 1550006.
DOI Link 1503
BibRef

Hu, H., Zhang, P., de la Torre, F.,
Face recognition using enhanced linear discriminant analysis,
IET-CV(4), No. 3, September 2010, pp. 195-208.
DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Qing, C.M.[Chun-Mei], Jiang, J.M.[Jian-Min],
An EDBoost algorithm towards robust face recognition in JPEG compressed domain,
IVC(28), No. 12, December 2010, pp. 1659-1670.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Discrete cosine transform (DCT); Face recognition; AdaBoost; Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD); Principal component analysis (PCA); Independent component analysis (ICA); Euclidean distance (ED); EDBoost BibRef

Wang, J.Z.[Jian-Zhong], Ma, Z.Q.A.[Zhi-Qi-Ang], Zhang, B.X.[Bao-Xue], Qi, M.[Miao], Kong, J.[Jun],
A structure-preserved local matching approach for face recognition,
PRL(32), No. 3, 1 February 2011, pp. 494-504.
Elsevier DOI 1101
Face recognition; Local matching; Structure-preserved projections (SSP); Feature extraction; Pattern recognition Local feature method such as SpPCA, Aw-SpPCA and SpNMF. BibRef

Chu, W.S.[Wen-Sheng], Chen, J.C.[Ju-Chin], Lien, J.J.J.[Jenn-Jier James],
Kernel discriminant transformation for image set-based face recognition,
PR(44), No. 8, August 2011, pp. 1567-1580.
Elsevier DOI 1104
BibRef
Earlier:
Kernel Discriminant Analysis Based on Canonical Differences for Face Recognition in Image Sets,
ACCV07(II: 700-711).
Springer DOI 0711
Subspace method; Canonical correlation; Kernel discriminant analysis; Face recognition BibRef

Sun, Y.F.[Yan-Feng], Chen, S.Y.[Shang-You], Yin, B.C.[Bao-Cai],
Color face recognition based on quaternion matrix representation,
PRL(32), No. 4, 1 March 2011, pp. 597-605.
Elsevier DOI 1102
Color face recognition; Quaternion matrix; Principal component analysis; Bidirection PCA; Overfitting BibRef

Wang, C.Z.[Cheng-Zhang], Yin, B.C.[Bao-Cai], Bai, X.M.[Xiao-Ming], Sun, Y.F.[Yan-Feng],
Color face recognition based on 2DPCA,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Mohammed, A.A.[Abdul Adeel], Minhas, R., Wu, Q.M.J.[Q.M. Jonathan], Sid-Ahmed, M.A.[Maher A.],
Human face recognition based on multidimensional PCA and extreme learning machine,
PR(44), No. 10-11, October-November 2011, pp. 2588-2597.
Elsevier DOI 1101
Face recognition; Multiresolution analysis; Bidirectional two dimensional principal component analysis; Extreme learning machine; KNN classifier BibRef

Mohammed, A.A.[Abdul Adeel], Wu, Q.M.J.[Q.M. Jonathan], Sid-Ahmed, M.A.[Maher A.],
Human face classification based on localized blur descriptors,
ICIP11(1785-1788).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Zhang, H.J.[Hai-Jun], Wu, Q.M.J.[Q.M. Jonathan], Chow, T.W.S.[Tommy W.S.], Zhao, M.B.[Ming-Bo],
A two-dimensional Neighborhood Preserving Projection for appearance-based face recognition,
PR(45), No. 5, May 2012, pp. 1866-1876.
Elsevier DOI 1201
Neighborhood Preserving Projection; Face recognition; Image analysis; Local method BibRef

Zhao, M.B.[Ming-Bo], Zhang, Z.[Zhao], Chow, T.W.S.[Tommy W.S.], Li, B.[Bing],
Soft label based Linear Discriminant Analysis for image recognition and retrieval,
CVIU(121), No. 1, 2014, pp. 86-99.
Elsevier DOI 1404
Linear Discriminant Analysis BibRef

Rani, J.S.[J. Sheeba],
Face Recognition Using Hybrid Approach,
IJIG(12), No. 1, January 2012, pp. 1250005.
DOI Link 1203
2DPCA and moments. BibRef

Huang, S.M.[Shih-Ming], Yang, J.F.[Jar-Ferr],
Improved Principal Component Regression for Face Recognition Under Illumination Variations,
SPLetters(19), No. 4, April 2012, pp. 179-182.
IEEE DOI 1203
BibRef

Huang, S.M.[Shih-Ming], Yang, J.F.[Jar-Ferr],
Linear Discriminant Regression Classification for Face Recognition,
SPLetters(20), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 91-94.
IEEE DOI 1212
BibRef

Huang, S.M.[Shih-Ming], Yang, J.F.[Jar-Ferr],
Unitary Regression Classification With Total Minimum Projection Error for Face Recognition,
SPLetters(20), No. 5, May 2013, pp. 443-446.
IEEE DOI 1304
BibRef

Gao, Q.X.[Quan-Xue], Hao, X.J.[Xiu-Juan], Zhao, Q.J.[Qi-Jun], Shen, W.G.[Wei-Guo], Ma, J.J.[Jing-Jie],
Feature extraction using two-dimensional neighborhood margin and variation embedding,
CVIU(117), No. 5, May 2013, pp. 525-531.
Elsevier DOI 1303
Dimensionality reduction; Manifold learning; Variation; 2DPCA; Face recognition BibRef

Kim, B.[Biho], Choi, Y.H.[Yong-Hwa], Lee, M.H.[Min-Ho], Park, H.M.[Hyung-Min],
Compressed sensing with MCT and I(2D)2PCA processing for efficient face recognition,
IJIST(23), No. 2, 2013, pp. 133-139.
DOI Link 1307
facial representation, incremental two-directional two-dimensional principle component analysis, modified census transform, compressed sensing BibRef

Luan, X.[Xiao], Fang, B.[Bin], Liu, L.[Linghui], Yang, W.B.[Wei-Bin], Qian, J.[Jiye],
Extracting sparse error of robust PCA for face recognition in the presence of varying illumination and occlusion,
PR(47), No. 2, 2014, pp. 495-508.
Elsevier DOI 1311
Face recognition BibRef

Meng, D.Y.[De-Yu], Zhao, Q.[Qian], Xu, Z.B.[Zong-Ben],
Improve robustness of sparse PCA by L1-norm maximization,
PR(45), No. 1, 2012, pp. 487-497.
Elsevier DOI 1410
Face recognition BibRef

Tu, C.T.[Ching-Ting], Luo, J.R.[Jang-Ren],
Robust face hallucination using ensemble of feature-based regression functions and classifiers,
IVC(44), No. 1, 2015, pp. 59-72.
Elsevier DOI 1601
Principal component analysis (PCA) BibRef

Vinay, A., Shekhar, V.S.[Vinay S.], Kumar, C.A.[C. Akshay], Natarajan, S., Murthy, K.N.B.[K.N. Balasubramanya],
Affine-scale invariant feature transform and two-dimensional principal component analysis: a novel framework for affine and scale invariant face recognition,
IET-CV(10), No. 1, 2016, pp. 43-59.
DOI Link 1601
face recognition BibRef

Ahmadkhani, S., Adibi, P.,
Face recognition using supervised probabilistic principal component analysis mixture model in dimensionality reduction without loss framework,
IET-CV(10), No. 3, 2016, pp. 193-201.
DOI Link 1604
face recognition BibRef

Shi, X.S.[Xiao-Shuang], Guo, Z.H.[Zhen-Hua], Nie, F.P.[Fei-Ping], Yang, L.[Lin], You, J.[Jane], Tao, D.C.[Da-Cheng],
Two-Dimensional Whitening Reconstruction for Enhancing Robustness of Principal Component Analysis,
PAMI(38), No. 10, October 2016, pp. 2130-2136.
IEEE DOI 1609
Face BibRef

Turhan, C.G.[Ceren Guzel], Bilge, H.S.[Hasan Sakir],
Class-wise two-dimensional PCA method for face recognition,
IET-CV(11), No. 4, June 2017, pp. 286-300.
DOI Link 1705
BibRef

Gupta, A.[Ajay], Barbu, A.[Adrian],
Parameterized principal component analysis,
PR(78), 2018, pp. 215-227.
Elsevier DOI 1804
Manifold learning, Manifold approximation, Face modeling, Principal component analysis BibRef

Seghouane, A.K., Shokouhi, N.,
Two-Dimensional Whitening of Face Images for Improved PCA Performance,
SPLetters(25), No. 4, April 2018, pp. 521-525.
IEEE DOI 1804
covariance matrices, face recognition, principal component analysis, transforms, 2D whitening, unsupervised preprocessing BibRef

Zhi, H.[Hui], Liu, S.[Sanyang],
Face recognition based on genetic algorithm,
JVCIR(58), 2019, pp. 495-502.
Elsevier DOI 1901
Face recognition, Genetic algorithm, Principal component analysis, Support vector machine BibRef

Low, C., Teoh, A.B., Ng, C.,
Multi-Fold Gabor, PCA, and ICA Filter Convolution Descriptor for Face Recognition,
CirSysVideo(29), No. 1, January 2019, pp. 115-129.
IEEE DOI 1901
Gabor filters, Filter banks, Principal component analysis, Face, Face recognition, Convolution, Histograms, Gabor filters, face recognition BibRef

Zhou, S.S.[Shui-Sheng], Zhang, D.Q.[Dan-Qing],
Bilateral Angle 2DPCA for Face Recognition,
SPLetters(26), No. 2, February 2019, pp. 317-321.
IEEE DOI 1902
face recognition, feature extraction, image representation, principal component analysis, image representation, Sin-2DPCA, angle 2DPCA BibRef

Minnehan, B., Savakis, A.,
Grassmann Manifold Optimization for Fast L_1-Norm Principal Component Analysis,
SPLetters(26), No. 2, February 2019, pp. 242-246.
IEEE DOI 1902
face recognition, minimisation, principal component analysis, fast Grassmann manifold optimization method, big data BibRef

Gao, Q., Xu, S., Chen, F., Ding, C., Gao, X., Li, Y.,
R_1-2-DPCA and Face Recognition,
Cyber(49), No. 4, April 2019, pp. 1212-1223.
IEEE DOI 1903
Robustness, Covariance matrices, Euclidean distance, Principal component analysis, Linear programming, R1-norm BibRef

El-Melegy, M.T.[Moumen T.], Kamal, A.T.[Aliaa T.],
Linear Regression Classification in the Quaternion and Reduced Biquaternion Domains,
SPLetters(29), 2022, pp. 469-473.
IEEE DOI 2202
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Color Image Processing Using Reduced Biquaternions with Application to Face Recognition in a PCA Framework,
CVPV17(3039-3046)
IEEE DOI 1802
Quaternions, Image color analysis, Linear regression, Face recognition, Color, Closed-form solutions, Gray-scale, reduced biquaternion. Algebra, Color, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Face recognition, Image color analysis, Principal component analysis, Quaternions BibRef

Liu, W.[Wankai], Kou, K.I.[Kit Ian], Miao, J.[Jifei], Cai, Z.F.[Zhen-Feng],
Quaternion Scalar and Vector Norm Decomposition: Quaternion PCA for Color Face Recognition,
IP(32), 2023, pp. 446-457.
IEEE DOI 2301
Quaternions, Image color analysis, Color, Face recognition, Databases, Redundancy, Principal component analysis, color face recognition BibRef

Jamal, E.[Elalji], Khalid, C.[Chougdali], Driss, G.[Gretete],
Face recognition using Nuclear Norm-based Angle Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis,
ISCV24(1-5)
IEEE DOI 2408
Dimensionality reduction, Databases, Face recognition, Robustness, Iterative methods, Intelligent systems, 2DPCA, dimension reduction, nuclear norm BibRef

Ramalingam, S.P.[Srinivasa Perumal], Chandra Mouli, P.V.S.S.R.,
Robustness of DR-LDP over PCANet for face analysis,
MultInfoRetr(8), No. 2, June 2018, pp. 129-137.
Springer DOI 1805
BibRef

Yang, S., Wen, Y.,
A novel SRC based method for face recognition with low quality images,
ICIP17(3805-3809)
IEEE DOI 1803
Databases, Dictionaries, Face, Face recognition, Image reconstruction, Principal component analysis, Training, sparse representation BibRef

Ai, X.[Xin], Wang, Y.[Yang], Zheng, X.J.[Xiao-Juan],
Sub-pattern based Maximum Margin Criterion for face Recognition,
ICIVC17(218-222)
IEEE DOI 1708
Correlation, Databases, Face, Face recognition, Feature extraction, Image recognition, Principal component analysis, face recognition, maximum margin criterion, sub-pattern BibRef