22.2.12.2 Skin Color Models, Skin Detection

McKenna, S.J.[Stephen J.], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Raja, Y.[Yogesh],
Modelling facial colour and identity with Gaussian mixtures,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1883-1892.
Elsevier DOI
See also Tracking colour objects using adaptive mixture models. BibRef 9812

Chai, D., Ngan, K.N.,
Face Segmentation Using Skin-Color Map in Videophone Applications,
CirSysVideo(9), No. 4, June 1999, pp. 551.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9906
Earlier:
Locating Facial Region of a Head-and-Shoulders Color Image,
AFGR98(124-129).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Tsumura, N.[Norimichi], Haneishi, H.[Hideaki], Miyake, Y.[Yoichi],
Independent-component analysis of skin color image,
JOSA-A(16), No. 9, September 1999, pp. 2169-2176. BibRef 9909

Bergasa, L.M., Mazo, M., Gardel, A., Sotelo, M.A., Boquete, L.,
Unsupervised and adaptive Gaussian skin-color model,
IVC(18), No. 12, September 2000, pp. 987-1003.
Elsevier DOI 0008
BibRef

Qian, R.[Richard],
System for detecting skin-tone regions within an image,
US_Patent6,332,033, Dec 18, 2001
WWW Link. BibRef 0112

Cho, K.M.[Kyung-Min], Jang, J.H.[Jeong-Hun], Hong, K.S.[Ki-Sang],
Adaptive skin-color filter,
PR(34), No. 5, May 2001, pp. 1067-1073.
Elsevier DOI 0102
BibRef

Greenspan, H.[Hayit], Goldberger, J.[Jacob], Eshet, I.[Itay],
Mixture model for face-color modeling and segmentation,
PRL(22), No. 14, December 2001, pp. 1525-1536.
Elsevier DOI 0110
BibRef

Jones, M.J.[Michael J.], Rehg, J.M.[James M.],
Statistical Color Models with Application to Skin Detection,
IJCV(46), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 81-96.
DOI Link 0201
BibRef
Earlier: CVPR99(I: 274-280).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Soriano, M.[Maricor], Martinkauppi, B.[Brigitta], Huovinen, S.[Sami], Laaksonen, M.[Mika],
Adaptive skin color modeling using the skin locus for selecting training pixels,
PR(36), No. 3, March 2003, pp. 681-690.
Elsevier DOI 0301
BibRef

Caetano, T.S.[Tibério S.], Olabarriaga, S.D.[Sílvia D.], Barone, D.A.C.[Dante A. C.],
Do mixture models in chromaticity space improve skin detection?,
PR(36), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 3019-3021.
Elsevier DOI 0310
BibRef

Caetano, T.S., Barone, D.A.C.,
A probabilistic model for the human skin color,
CIAP01(279-283).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Preece, S.J.[Stephen J.], Claridge, E.[Ela],
Spectral Filter Optimization for the Recovery of Parameters which Describe Human Skin,
PAMI(26), No. 7, July 2004, pp. 913-922.
IEEE Abstract. 0406
Skin color to find anomolies. BibRef

Gasparini, F.[Francesca], Corchs, S.[Silvia], Schettini, R.[Raimondo],
A recall or precision oriented skin classifier using binary combining strategies,
PR(38), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 2204-2207.
Elsevier DOI 0509
BibRef

Jedynak, B.[Bruno], Zheng, H.C.[Hui-Cheng], Daoudi, M.[Mohamed],
Skin detection using pairwise models,
IVC(23), No. 13, 29 November 2005, pp. 1122-1130.
Elsevier DOI 0512
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A1:
From Maximum Entropy to Belief Propagation: An application to Skin Detection,
BMVC04(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0508
BibRef

Zheng, H.C.[Hui-Cheng], Daoudi, M.[Mohamed],
Blocking Adult Images Based on Statistical Skin Detection,
ELCVIA(4), No. 2, December 2004, pp. xx.
DOI Link BibRef 0412

Kakumanu, P., Makrogiannis, S., Bourbakis, N.G.,
A survey of skin-color modeling and detection methods,
PR(40), No. 3, March 2007, pp. 1106-1122.
Elsevier DOI 0611
Survey, Color Models. Award, Pattern Recognition, Honorable Mention. Skin-color modeling; Skin detection; Color spaces and color constancy BibRef

Li, B.[Bin], Xue, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang], Fan, J.P.[Jian-Ping],
A robust incremental learning framework for accurate skin region segmentation in color images,
PR(40), No. 12, December 2007, pp. 3621-3632.
Elsevier DOI 0709
Skin region segmentation; Specific skin model; Incremental learning; Generic to specific BibRef

Schmugge, S.J.[Stephen J.], Jayaram, S.[Sriram], Shin, M.C.[Min C.], Tsap, L.V.[Leonid V.],
Objective evaluation of approaches of skin detection using ROC analysis,
CVIU(108), No. 1-2, October-November 2007, pp. 41-51.
Elsevier DOI 0710
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3, A4:
Effect of colorspace transformation,the illuminance component,and color modeling on skin detection,
CVPR04(II: 813-818).
IEEE DOI 0408
Skin detection; Colorspace transformation; Empirical evaluation BibRef

Schmugge, S.J.[Stephen J.], Zaffar, M.A.[M. Adeel], Tsap, L.V.[Leonid V.], Shin, M.C.[Min C.],
Task-based evaluation of skin detection for communication and perceptual interfaces,
JVCIR(18), No. 6, December 2007, pp. 487-495.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Skin detection; Hand detection; Empirical evaluation BibRef

Marguier, J., Bhatti, N., Baker, H., Harville, M., Süsstrunk, S.,
Assessing human skin color from uncalibrated images,
IJIST(17), No. 3, 2007, pp. 143-151.
DOI Link 0711
BibRef

Juang, C.F., Chiu, S.H., Shiu, S.J.,
Fuzzy System Learned Through Fuzzy Clustering and Support Vector Machine for Human Skin Color Segmentation,
SMC-A(37), No. 6, November 2007, pp. 1077-1087.
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Shamsi, M.[Mousa], Zoroofi, R.A.[Reza Aghaiezadeh], Lucas, C.[Caro], Hasanabadi, M.S.[Mohammad Sadeghi], Alsharif, M.R.[Mohammad Reza],
Automatic Facial Skin Segmentation Based on EM Algorithm under Varying Illumination,
IEICE(E91-D), No. 5, May 2008, pp. 1543-1551.
DOI Link 0805
BibRef

Decker, M.[Marvin], Sawaki, M.[Minako],
Lighting Independent Skin Tone Detection Using Neural Networks,
IEICE(E90-D), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 1195-1198.
DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Wang, J.H.[Jia-Hui], Saito, H.[Hideo], Ozawa, S.J.[Shin-Ji], Kuwahara, T.[Tomohiro], Yamashita, T.[Toyonobu], Takahashi, M.[Motoji],
Extraction of Dermo-epidermal Surface from 3d Volumetric Images of Human Skin,
IJIG(3), No. 4, October 2003, pp. 589-608. 0310
BibRef

El Fkihi, S.[Sanaa], Daoudi, M.[Mohamed], Aboutajdine, D.[Driss],
The mixture of K-Optimal-Spanning-Trees based probability approximation: Application to skin detection,
IVC(26), No. 12, 1 December 2008, pp. 1574-1590.
Elsevier DOI 0810
BibRef
Earlier:
Probability Approximation Using Best-Tree Distribution for Skin Detection,
ACIVS06(767-775).
Springer DOI 0609
Optimal-Spanning-Tree; Dependency tree; Probability mixture; Mixture of trees; Skin detection BibRef

El Fkihi, S., Daoudi, M., Aboutajdine, D.,
Skin and non-skin probability approximation based on discriminative tree distribution,
ICIP09(2377-2380).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Soetedjo, A.[Aryuanto], Yamada, K.[Koichi],
Skin Color Segmentation Using Coarse-to-Fine Region on Normalized RGB Chromaticity Diagram for Face Detection,
IEICE(E91-D), No. 10, October 2008, pp. 2493-2502.
DOI Link 0804
BibRef

Yamazaki, S.[Sadahiko], Tanibuchi, K.[Kouich],
Moving object monitoring surveillance apparatus for detecting, tracking and identifying a moving object by zooming in on a detected flesh color,
US_Patent7,355,627, Apr 8, 2008
WWW Link. BibRef 0804

Kim, Y.S.[Young-Shin], Na, J.K.[Jae-Keun], Yoon, S.B.[Seong-Beak], Yi, J.H.[June-Ho],
Masked fake face detection using radiance measurements,
JOSA-A(26), No. 4, April 2009, pp. 760-766.
WWW Link. 0903
Differences between real skin values and mask values. BibRef

Sun, H.M.[Hung-Ming],
Skin detection for single images using dynamic skin color modeling,
PR(43), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 1413-1420.
Elsevier DOI 1002
Skin detection; Adaptive skin color model; Clustering algorithm; Bayes classifier BibRef

Jimenez, J.[Jorge], Whelan, D.[David], Sundstedt, V.[Veronica], Gutierrez, D.[Diego],
Real-Time Realistic Skin Translucency,
IEEE_CGA(30), No. 4, July/August 2010, pp. 32-41.
IEEE DOI 1007
BibRef

Bunte, K.[Kerstin], Biehl, M.[Michael], Jonkman, M.F.[Marcel F.], Petkov, N.[Nicolai],
Learning effective color features for content based image retrieval in dermatology,
PR(44), No. 9, September 2011, pp. 1892-1902.
Elsevier DOI 1106
Machine learning; Learning vector quantization; Adaptive distance measures; Content based image retrieval BibRef

San Miguel, J.C.[Juan C.], Suja, S.[Sergio],
Skin detection by dual maximization of detectors agreement for video monitoring,
PRL(34), No. 16, 2013, pp. 2102-2109.
Elsevier DOI 1310
Skin detection BibRef

Xu, T.[Tao], Wang, Y.H.[Yun-Hong], Zhang, Z.X.[Zhao-Xiang],
Pixel-wise skin colour detection based on flexible neural tree,
IET-IPR(7), No. 8, November 2013, pp. 751-761.
DOI Link 1402
computer vision BibRef

Kawulok, M.[Michal], Kawulok, J.[Jolanta], Nalepa, J.[Jakub],
Spatial-based skin detection using discriminative skin-presence features,
PRL(41), No. 1, 2014, pp. 3-13.
Elsevier DOI 1403
Skin detection BibRef

Kawulok, M.[Michal], Kawulok, J.[Jolanta], Nalepa, J.[Jakub], Papiez, M.[Maciej],
Skin detection using spatial analysis with adaptive seed,
ICIP13(3720-3724)
IEEE DOI 1402
adaptive skin color modeling; skin detection; skin segmentation BibRef

Igarashi, T.[Takanori], Nishino, K.[Ko], Nayar, S.K.[Shree K.],
The Appearance of Human Skin: A Survey,
FTCGV(3), Issue 1, 2007, pp. 1-95.
DOI Link 1410
Published November 2008. BibRef

Huang, L.[Lei], Ji, W.[Wen], Wei, Z.Q.[Zhi-Qiang], Chen, B.W.[Bo-Wei], Yan, C.G.C.[Cheng-Gang Clarence], Nie, J.[Jie], Yin, J.[Jian], Jiang, B.C.[Bao-Chen],
Robust skin detection in real-world images,
JVCIR(29), No. 1, 2015, pp. 147-152.
Elsevier DOI 1504
Skin detection BibRef

Bilal, S.[Sara], Akmeliawati, R.[Rini], Salami, M.J.E.[Momoh Jimoh E.], Shafie, A.A.[Amir A.],
Dynamic approach for real-time skin detection,
RealTimeIP(10), No. 2, June 2015, pp. 371-385.
Springer DOI 1506
BibRef

Sawicki, D.J., Miziolek, W.,
Human colour skin detection in CMYK colour space,
IET-IPR(9), No. 9, 2015, pp. 751-757.
DOI Link 1509
computer vision BibRef

Bianco, S.[Simone], Gasparini, F.[Francesca], Schettini, R.[Raimondo],
Adaptive Skin Classification Using Face and Body Detection,
IP(24), No. 12, December 2015, pp. 4756-4765.
IEEE DOI 1512
BibRef
Earlier:
Computational Strategies for Skin Detection,
CCIW13(199-211).
Springer DOI 1304
face recognition BibRef

Hettiarachchi, R., Peters, J.F.,
Multi-manifold-based skin classifier on feature space Voronoï regions for skin segmentation,
JVCIR(41), No. 1, 2016, pp. 123-139.
Elsevier DOI 1612
Skin segmentation BibRef

Hettiarachchi, R., Peters, J.F.,
Voronoï region-based adaptive unsupervised color image segmentation,
PR(65), No. 1, 2017, pp. 119-135.
Elsevier DOI 1702
Voronoï regions BibRef

Brancati, N.[Nadia], de Pietro, G.[Giuseppe], Frucci, M.[Maria], Gallo, L.[Luigi],
Human skin detection through correlation rules between the YCb and YCr subspaces based on dynamic color clustering,
CVIU(155), No. 1, 2017, pp. 33-42.
Elsevier DOI 1702
Skin detection BibRef

Zuo, H., Fan, H., Blasch, E., Ling, H.,
Combining Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Human Skin Detection,
SPLetters(24), No. 3, March 2017, pp. 289-293.
IEEE DOI 1702
Convolution BibRef

Chakraborty, B.K.[Biplab Ketan], Bhuyan, M.K., Kumar, S.I.[Sun-Il],
Combining image and global pixel distribution model for skin colour segmentation,
PRL(88), No. 1, 2017, pp. 33-40.
Elsevier DOI 1703
Skin detection BibRef

Lei, Y., Yuan, W., Wang, H., Wenhu, Y., Bo, W.,
A Skin Segmentation Algorithm Based on Stacked Autoencoders,
MultMed(19), No. 4, April 2017, pp. 740-749.
IEEE DOI 1704
Detectors BibRef

Heikkinen, V.[Ville],
Spectral Reflectance Estimation Using Gaussian Processes and Combination Kernels,
IP(27), No. 7, July 2018, pp. 3358-3373.
IEEE DOI 1805
Computational modeling, Estimation, Gaussian processes, Hyperspectral imaging, Kernel, Sensors, Training, Gaussian processes, hyperspectral imaging BibRef

Wu, Z.Z.[Zheng-Zhe], Heikkinen, V.[Ville],
Segmentation of Skin Spectral Images Using Simulated Illuminations,
CAIP13(II:274-281).
Springer DOI 1311
BibRef

Otaka, H.[Hitomi], Shimakura, H.[Hitomi], Motoyoshi, I.[Isamu],
Perception of human skin conditions and image statistics,
JOSA-A(36), No. 9, September 2019, pp. 1609-1616.
DOI Link 1912
Bandpass filters, Color spaces, Skin, Spatial frequency, Spatial resolution, Visual system BibRef

Holder, C.J.[Christopher J.], Ricketts, S.[Stephen], Obara, B.[Boguslaw],
Convolutional networks for appearance-based recommendation and visualisation of mascara products,
MVA(31), No. 1, January 2020, pp. Article5.
WWW Link. 2001
BibRef

Paracchini, M.[Marco], Marcon, M.[Marco], Villa, F.[Federica], Tubaro, S.[Stefano],
Deep skin detection on low resolution grayscale images,
PRL(131), 2020, pp. 322-328.
Elsevier DOI 2004
Skin detection, CNN, Transfer learning, Low resolution, Grayscale image, Skin segmentation, SPAD BibRef

Dahmani, D.[Djamila], Cheref, M.[Mehdi], Larabi, S.[Slimane],
Zero-sum game theory model for segmenting skin regions,
IVC(99), 2020, pp. 103925.
Elsevier DOI 2006
Skin detection, Color, Texture, Zero-sum game, Nash Equilibrium BibRef

Wang, J., Kuesten, C., Mayne, J., Majmudar, G., Pappas, T.N.,
Human Skin Gloss Perception Based on Texture Statistics,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 3610-3622.
IEEE DOI 2103
Skin, Visualization, Surface texture, Lighting, Photography, Faces, Surface treatment, Gloss perception, multimodal photography, subsurface reflection BibRef

Sahani, M.[Mrutyunjaya], Swain, B.K.[Bhanja Kishor], Dash, P.K.[Pradipta Kishore],
FPGA-based favourite skin colour restoration using improved histogram equalization with variable enhancement degree and ensemble extreme learning machine,
IET-IPR(15), No. 6, 2021, pp. 1247-1259.
DOI Link 2106
BibRef

Makkapati, V.V.[Vishnu V.], Kirenko, I.,
Device and method for skin detection,
US_Patent10,242,278, March 26, 2019.
WWW Link. BibRef 1903

Islam, A.R.[ABM Rezbaul], Alammari, A.[Ali], Buckles, B.[Bill],
Human skin detection: An unsupervised machine learning way,
JVCIR(98), 2024, pp. 104046.
Elsevier DOI 2402
Human skin detection, Machine learning, Unsupervised learning, Clustering BibRef

Gao, S.Q.[Shi-Qi], Duan, H.Y.[Hui-Yu], Li, X.Y.[Xin-Yue], Fu, K.[Kang], Peng, Y.C.[Yi-Cong], Xu, Q.H.[Qi-Hang], Chang, Y.Y.[Yuan-Yuan], Wang, J.[Jia], Min, X.K.[Xiong-Kuo], Zhai, G.T.[Guang-Tao],
Quality-Guided Skin Tone Enhancement for Portrait Photography,
MultMed(27), 2025, pp. 171-185.
IEEE DOI 2501
Image enhancement, Skin, Image quality, Table lookup, Quality assessment, Image color analysis, Feature extraction, image quality assessment BibRef

Li, X.H.[Xiao-Hui], Guarnera, G.C.[Giuseppe Claudio], Lin, A.[Arvin], Ghosh, A.[Abhijeet],
Practical Measurement and Neural Encoding of Hyperspectral Skin Reflectance,
3DV24(1301-1309)
IEEE DOI 2408
Reflectivity, Solid modeling, Neural networks, Lighting, Predictive models, Skin BibRef

Pangelinan, G.[Gabriella], Merino, X.[Xavier], Langborgh, S.[Samuel], Vangara, K.[Kushal], Annan, J.[Joyce], Beaubrun, A.[Audison], Weekes, T.[Troy], King, M.C.[Michael C.],
The CHROMA-FIT Dataset: Characterizing Human Ranges of Melanin For Increased Tone-awareness,
DVPBA24(1170-1178)
IEEE DOI 2404
Atmospheric measurements, Annotations, Particle measurements, Skin, Reliability BibRef

Thong, W.[William], Joniak, P.[Przemyslaw], Xiang, A.[Alice],
Beyond Skin Tone: A Multidimensional Measure of Apparent Skin Color,
ICCV23(4880-4890)
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef

Malherbe, E.[Emmanuel], Remise, M.[Michel], Zhang, S.[Shuai], Perrot, M.[Matthieu],
Skin Tone Diagnosis in the Wild: Towards More Robust and Inclusive User Experience Using Oriented Aleatoric Uncertainty,
ACCV22(II:3-21).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Feng, H.[Haiwen], Bolkart, T.[Timo], Tesch, J.[Joachim], Black, M.J.[Michael J.], Abrevaya, V.[Victoria],
Towards Racially Unbiased Skin Tone Estimation via Scene Disambiguation,
ECCV22(XIII:72-90).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Xu, H.[Han], Sarkar, A.[Abhijit], Abbott, A.L.[A. Lynn],
Color Invariant Skin Segmentation,
FaDE-TCV22(2905-2914)
IEEE DOI 2210
Training, Representation learning, Sensitivity, Image color analysis, Lighting, Color BibRef

Krishnapriya, K.S., Pangelinan, G.[Gabriella], King, M.C.[Michael C.], Bowyer, K.W.[Kevin W.],
Analysis of Manual and Automated Skin Tone Assignments,
Perform-Bio22(429-438)
IEEE DOI 2202
Image analysis, Sensitivity, Manuals, Observers, Skin, Reliability, Interviews BibRef

Hashemifard, K.[Kooshan], Florez-Revuelta, F.[Francisco],
From Garment to Skin: The visuAAL Skin Segmentation Dataset,
VIAAL22(59-70).
Springer DOI 2208
BibRef

Roy, D.[Debapriya], Mukherjee, D.[Diganta], Chanda, B.[Bhabatosh],
An Unsupervised Approach towards Varying Human Skin Tone Using Generative Adversarial Networks,
ICPR21(10681-10688)
IEEE DOI 2105
Image segmentation, Solid modeling, Image color analysis, Statistical analysis, Benchmark testing, Skin BibRef

Pandey, P.[Prashant], Tyagi, A.K.[Aayush Kumar], Ambekar, S.[Sameer], Prathosh, A.P.,
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of NIR Images Through Generative Latent Search,
ECCV20(VI:413-429).
Springer DOI 2011
Dataset, Segmentation.
WWW Link. BibRef

Tarasiewicz, T., Nalepa, J., Kawulok, M.,
Skinny: A Lightweight U-Net For Skin Detection And Segmentation,
ICIP20(2386-2390)
IEEE DOI 2011
Skin, Image segmentation, Feature extraction, Training, Bayes methods, Kernel, Computer architecture, Skin detection, deep learning BibRef

Uemori, T.[Takeshi], Ito, A.[Atsushi], Moriuchi, Y.[Yusuke], Gatto, A.[Alexander], Murayama, J.[Jun],
Skin-Based Identification From Multispectral Image Data Using CNNs,
CVPR19(12341-12350).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Amani, M.[Mahdi], Falk, H.[Håvard], Jensen, O.D.[Oliver Damsgaard], Vartdal, G.[Gunnar], Aune, A.[Anders], Lindseth, F.[Frank],
Color Calibration on Human Skin Images,
CVS19(211-223).
Springer DOI 1912
BibRef

Monteiro, J.P.[João P.], Zolfagharnasab, H.[Hooshiar], Oliveira, H.P.[Hélder P.],
Geometry-Based Skin Colour Estimation for Bare Torso Surface Reconstruction,
CIAP19(II:595-606).
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Kim, Y., Hwang, I., Cho, N.I.,
Convolutional neural networks and training strategies for skin detection,
ICIP17(3919-3923)
IEEE DOI 1803
Bayes methods, Computer architecture, Image color analysis, Machine learning, Shape, Skin, Training, CNN, convolutional network, skin detection BibRef

Borza, D.[Diana], Nistor, S.C.[Sergiu Cosmin], Darabant, A.S.[Adrian Sergiu],
Towards Automatic Skin Tone Classification in Facial Images,
CIAP17(II:299-309).
Springer DOI 1711
BibRef

Chen, W.[Wei], Viana, M.[Miguel], Ardabilian, M.[Mohsen], Zine, A.M.[Abdel-Malek],
Demographic Classification Using Skin RGB Albedo Image Analysis,
CIAP17(II:149-159).
Springer DOI 1711
BibRef

Sun, T.Y.[Tian-Yang], Hui, X.Y.[Xin-Yu], Wang, Z.H.[Zi-Hao], Zhang, S.P.[Sheng-Ping],
Skin beautification detection using sparse coding,
MVA17(526-529)
DOI Link 1708
Dictionaries, Encoding, Skin, Software, Testing, Training BibRef

Sarkar, A., Abbott, A.L., Doerzaph, Z.,
Universal Skin Detection Without Color Information,
WACV17(20-28)
IEEE DOI 1609
Face, Gray-scale, Image color analysis, Image segmentation, Lighting, Skin, Videos BibRef

Corvo, J.[Joris], Angulo, J.[Jesus], Breugnot, J.[Josselin], Bordes, S.[Sylvie], Closs, B.[Brigitte],
Morphological Texture Description from Multispectral Skin Images in Cosmetology,
ISMM17(467-477).
Springer DOI 1706
BibRef

Kim, H.I., Ro, Y.M.,
Collaborative facial color feature learning of multiple color spaces for face recognition,
ICIP16(1669-1673)
IEEE DOI 1610
Collaboration BibRef

Moradi, B., Ezoji, M.,
Skin detection based on contextual information,
IPRIA15(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1603
image colour analysis BibRef

Hoo, W.L., Miron, A., Badii, A., Chan, C.S.,
Skin-based privacy filter for surveillance systems,
WSSIP15(269-272)
IEEE DOI 1603
image recognition BibRef

Li, S.W.[Shi-Wei], Ardabilian, M.[Mohsen], Zine, A.[Abdelmalek],
Fast Determination of Melanin based on Skin Hyperspectral Reflectance,
ICPR21(6772-6777)
IEEE DOI 2105
Reflectivity, Training, Dimensionality reduction, Weight measurement, Support vector machines, Databases, Neural networks BibRef

Chen, W.[Wei], Ardabilian, M.[Mohsen], Zine, A.[Abdelmalek], Zahouani, H.[Hassan],
Reflectance spectra based skin and non-skin classification,
ICIP15(755-759)
IEEE DOI 1512
Skin BibRef

Tasli, H.E.[H. Emrah], Gudi, A.[Amogh], den Uyl, M.[Marten],
Remote PPG based vital sign measurement using adaptive facial regions,
ICIP14(1410-1414)
IEEE DOI 1502
photoplethysmography measurement. Skin color for vital signs. BibRef

Saxen, F.[Frerk], Al-Hamadi, A.[Ayoub],
Color-based skin segmentation: An evaluation of the state of the art,
ICIP14(4467-4471)
IEEE DOI 1502
Color BibRef

Kawulok, M.[Michal], Kawulok, J.[Jolanta], Nalepa, J.[Jakub], Smolka, B.[Bogdan],
Self-Adaptive Skin Segmentation in Color Images,
CIARP14(96-103).
Springer DOI 1411
BibRef

Hwang, I.[Insung], Lee, S.H.[Sang Hwa], Min, B.[Byungseok], Cho, N.I.[Nam Ik],
Luminance adapted skin color modeling for the robust detection of skin areas,
ICIP13(2622-2625)
IEEE DOI 1402
color space; eye detection; luminance; skin color model; skin detection BibRef

Braunstain, E.[Eyal], Gath, I.[Isak],
Combined Supervised / Unsupervised Algorithm for Skin Detection: A Preliminary Phase for Face Detection,
CIAP13(I:351-360).
Springer DOI 1311
BibRef

Lin, C.[Chang], Leng, J.M.[Jun-Min], Yu, C.X.[Chong-Xiu],
Skin detection using a modified Self-Organizing Mixture Network,
FG13(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1309
Bayes methods BibRef

Li, B.Y.L.[Billy Y. L.], Liu, W.Q.[Wan-Quan], An, S.[Senjian], Krishna, A.[Aneesh],
Tensor based robust color face recognition,
ICPR12(1719-1722).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Zhang, J.X.[Ji-Xia], Wang, H.B.[Hai-Bo], Davoine, F.[Franck], Pan, C.H.[Chun-Hong],
Skin detection via linear regression tree,
ICPR12(1711-1714).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Dong, M.Z.[Ming-Zhi], Yin, L.[Liang], Guo, J.[Jun], Deng, W.H.[Wei-Hong], Xu, W.R.[Wei-Ran],
Integrative labeling based statistical color models with application to skin detection,
ICIP12(2369-2372).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Gong, H.[Hao], Desvignes, M.[Michel],
Quantification of pigmentation in human skin images,
ICIP12(2853-2856).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Doi, M.[Motonori], Konishi, M.[Masahiro], Kimachi, A.[Akira], Nishi, S.[Shogo], Tominaga, S.[Shoji],
Robust Estimation of Pigment Distributions from Multiband Skin Images and Its Application to Realistic Skin Image Synthesis,
Color12(II: 421-430).
Springer DOI 1210
BibRef

Huang, L.[Lei], Xia, T.[Tian], Zhang, Y.D.[Yong-Dong], Lin, S.X.[Shou-Xun],
Human skin detection in images by MSER analysis,
ICIP11(1257-1260).
IEEE DOI 1201
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Xu-Yang, Fang-Lv,
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IASP11(276-279).
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IASP11(78-83).
IEEE DOI 1112
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Vink, J.P.[Jelte Peter], Gritti, T.[Tommaso], Hu, Y.[Yili], de Haan, G.[Gerard],
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FG11(448-455).
IEEE DOI 1103
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Doi, M.[Motonori], Kimachi, A.[Akira], Nishi, S.[Shogo], Tominaga, S.[Shoji],
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CCIW11(75-84).
Springer DOI 1104
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Cavalcanti, P.G.[Pablo G.], Scharcanski, J.[Jacob], Lopes, C.B.O.[Carlos B. O.],
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Yogarajah, P.[Pratheepan], Condell, J.[Joan], Curran, K.[Kevin], Cheddad, A.[Abbas], McKevitt, P.[Paul],
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ICIP10(2225-2228).
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Khan, R.[Rehanullah], Hanbury, A.[Allan], Stoettinger, J.[Julian],
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ICIP10(4613-4616).
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Zhu, R.[Rong], Guo, B.[Bu],
A novel filtering model for the erotic images embedded in web pages,
IASP10(703-706).
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Datta, M.[Madhura], Murthy, C.A.,
Class Specific Threshold Selection in Face Space Using Set Estimation Technique for RGB Color Components,
PReMI09(351-356).
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Khaled, S.M.[Shah Mostafa], Islam, M.S.[M. Saiful], Rabbani, M.G.[M. Golam], Tabassum, M.R.[Mirza Rehenuma], Ul Gias, A.[Alim], Kamal, M.M.[M. Mostafa], Muctadir, H.M.[Hossain Muhammad], Shakir, A.K.[Asif Khan], Imran, A.[Asif], Islam, S.[Saiful],
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IVIC09(532-542).
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Cheddad, A.[Abbas], Condell, J.[Joan], Curran, K.[Kevin], Kevitt, P.M.[Paul Mc],
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ICIP09(497-500).
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Kramberger, I.,
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WSSIP09(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0906
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Tomaschitz, J.A., Facon, J.,
Skin Detection Applied to Multi-Racial Images,
WSSIP09(1-3).
IEEE DOI 0906
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Zhang, Z.Z.[Zheng-Zhen], Shi, Y.X.[Yue-Xiang],
Skin color detecting unite YCgCb color space with YCgCr color space,
IASP09(221-225).
IEEE DOI 0904
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Krishna, S.[Sreekar], Panchanathan, S.[Sethuraman],
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ICCVGIP08(466-473).
IEEE DOI 0812
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Deselaers, T.[Thomas], Pimenidis, L.[Lexi], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Bag-of-visual-words models for adult image classification and filtering,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
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Yang, J.[Jian], Liu, C.J.[Cheng-Jun],
A discriminant color space method for face representation and verification on a large-scale database,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
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ICPR08(1-4).
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Dickens, M.P., Smith, W.A.P., Ragheb, H., Hancock, E.R.,
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ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
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Bastos, R.[Rafael], Dias, M.S.[Miguel Sales],
Skin Color Profile Capture for Scale and Rotation Invariant Hand Gesture Recognition,
GW07(81-92).
Springer DOI 0705
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Kawulok, M.[Michal],
Fast propagation-based skin regions segmentation in color images,
FG13(1-7)
IEEE DOI 1309
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Earlier:
Skin Detection Using Color and Distance Transform,
ICCVG12(449-456).
Springer DOI 1210
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And:
Texture Analysis for Skin Probability Maps Refinement,
MCPR12(75-84).
Springer DOI 1208
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And:
Dynamic Skin Detection in Color Images for Sign Language Recognition,
ICISP08(112-119).
Springer DOI 0807
gesture recognition BibRef

Ghouzali, S., Hemami, S., Rziza, M., Aboutajdine, D., Mouaddib, E.M.,
A skin detection algorithm based on discrete Cosine transform and generalized Gaussian density,
ICIP08(605-608).
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Janssen, N.[Nils], Robertson, N.M.[Neil M.],
On the detection of low-resolution skin regions in surveillance images,
VS08(xx-yy). 0810
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Robertson, N.M.[Neil M.], Reid, I.D.[Ian D.],
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ECCV06(II: 402-415).
Springer DOI 0608
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Huynh, C.P.[Cong Phuoc], Robles-Kelly, A.[Antonio],
Hyperspectral imaging for skin recognition and biometrics,
ICIP10(2325-2328).
IEEE DOI 1009
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A NURBS-based spectral reflectance descriptor with applications in computer vision and pattern recognition,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0806
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Rowe, R.K.[Robert K.],
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ICB07(1144-1153).
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Salimi, F.[Fahimeh], Sadeghi, M.T.[Mohammad T.], Moin, M.S.[Mohammad S.], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.],
Face Verification Using Colour Kernels,
ICIAR09(522-531).
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Sadeghi, M.T.[Mohammad T.], Khoshrou, S.[Samaneh], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.],
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ICB07(907-916).
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Kim, Y.D.[Yong-Deok], Choi, S.J.[Seung-Jin],
Color Face Tensor Factorization and Slicing for Illumination-Robust Recognition,
ICB07(19-28).
Springer DOI 0708
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Ren, J.C.[Jin-Chang], Jiang, J.M.[Jian-Min],
Statistical Classification of Skin Color Pixels from MPEG Videos,
ACIVS07(395-405).
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Llano, E.G.[Eduardo Garea], Rodríguez, J.L.G.[Jose Luís Gil], Vega-Pons, S.[Sandro],
A Method for Segmentation of Local Illumination Variations and Photometric Normalization in Face Images,
CIARP07(281-290).
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Álvarez-Morales, E.M.[Estela María], Mata, F.S.[Francisco Silva], Llano, E.G.[Eduardo Garea], Mendez-Vazquez, H.[Heydi], Herrera, M.[Moisés],
A Fast Method for Localization of Local Illumination Variations and Photometric Normalization in Face Images,
CIARP06(48-57).
Springer DOI 0611
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Park, Y.K.[Young Kyung], Kim, J.K.[Joong Kyu],
A New Methodology of Illumination Estimation/Normalization Based on Adaptive Smoothing for Robust Face Recognition,
ICIP07(I: 149-152).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Park, Y.K.[Young Kyung], Min, B.C.[Bu Cheon], Kim, J.K.[Joong Kyu],
A New Method of Illumination Normalization for Robust Face Recognition,
CIARP06(38-47).
Springer DOI 0611
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Chenaoua, K., Bouridane, A.,
Skin Detection using a Markov Random Field and a New Color Space,
ICIP06(2673-2676).
IEEE DOI 0610
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Yoon, S.H.[Sang-Ho], Harville, M., Baker, H., Bhatii, N.,
Automatic Skin Pixel Selection and Skin Color Classification,
ICIP06(941-944).
IEEE DOI 0610
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Yu, Z.W.[Zhi-Wen], Wong, H.S.[Hau-San],
Fast Gaussian Mixture Clustering for Skin Detection,
ICIP07(IV: 341-344).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Earlier: ICIP06(2997-3000).
IEEE DOI 0610
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Ramos, H., Frery, A.C., Alencar-Neto, J.,
Skin Detection in Web Imagery: Comparison of Techniques and Proposal,
ICIP06(3009-3012).
IEEE DOI 0610
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Rodrigues, J.M., Puech, W., Bors, A.G.,
Selective Encryption of Human Skin in JPEG Images,
ICIP06(1981-1984).
IEEE DOI 0610
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Puech, W.,
Image Encryption and Compression for Medical Image Security,
IPTA08(1-2).
IEEE DOI 0811
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Doi, M.[Motonori], Tominaga, S.,
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Southwest06(193-197).
IEEE DOI 0603
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Igarashi, T., Nishino, K., and Nayar, S.K.,
The Appearance of Human Skin,
ColumbiaCUCS-024-05, June 2005. Department of Computer Science, Columbia University.
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Do, H.C.[Hyun-Chul], You, J.Y.[Ju-Yeon], Chien, S.I.[Sung-Il],
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ICPR06(I: 327-330).
IEEE DOI 0609
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Wimmer, M.[Matthias], Radig, B.[Bernd], Beetz, M.[Michael],
A Person and Context Specific Approach for Skin Color Classification,
ICPR06(II: 39-42).
IEEE DOI 0609
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Han, J.W.[Jun-Wei], Award, G.M., Sutherland, A.[Alistair], Wu, H.[Hai],
Automatic Skin Segmentation for Gesture Recognition Combining Region and Support Vector Machine Active Learning,
FGR06(237-242).
IEEE DOI 0604
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Lu, J.W.[Ju-Wei], Gu, Q.[Qian], Plataniotis, K.N., Wang, J.[Jie],
A Comparative Study of Skin-Color Models,
ICIAR05(729-736).
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Dadgostar, F.[Farhad], Sarrafzadeh, A.[Abdolhossein],
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ICIAR05(804-811).
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de Dios, J.J.[Juan José], García, N.[Narciso],
Feature Extraction Used for Face Localization Based on Skin Color,
ICIAR05(1032-1039).
Springer DOI 0509
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Ruiz-del-Solar, J.[Javier], Verschae, R.[Rodrigo], Kottow, D.[Daniel],
Skin Detection in Videos in the Spatial-Range Domain,
CIAP05(961-969).
Springer DOI 0509
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Earlier: A1, A2, Only:
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ICIP04(I: 207-210).
IEEE DOI 0505
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And: A1, A2, Only:
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IEEE DOI 0411
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Smith, W.A.P., Hancock, E.R.,
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ICIP05(III: 780-783).
IEEE DOI 0512
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ICIP05(II: 1298-1301).
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AVBPA05(1010).
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ICIP04(II: 1189-1192).
IEEE DOI 0505
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Zhu, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Cheng, K.T.[Kwang-Ting], Wu, C.T.[Ching-Tung], Wu, Y.L.[Yi-Leh],
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AFGR04(37-42).
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Bevilacqua, A.[Alessandro], Gherardi, A.[Alessandro],
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Measuring Skin Topographic Structures through Capacitance Image Analysis,
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And:
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WACV05(I: 342-347).
IEEE DOI 0502
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Bevilacqua, A., Gherardi, A.,
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ICPR04(II: 703-706).
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Short, J.[James], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.], Messer, K.[Kieron],
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FGR06(114-119).
IEEE DOI 0604
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Earlier:
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AVBPA05(617).
Springer DOI 0509
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Earlier:
A comparison of photometric normalisation algorithms for face verification,
AFGR04(254-259).
IEEE DOI 0411
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Sebe, N.[Nicu], Cohen, I.[Ira], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.], Gevers, T.[Theo],
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LCV05(III: 51-51).
IEEE DOI 0507
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Earlier:
Skin detection A bayesian network approach,
ICPR04(II: 903-906).
IEEE DOI 0409
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Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Fu, Z.Y.[Zhou-Yu], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu], Hu, W.M.[Wei-Ming],
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ICIP04(II: 901-904).
IEEE DOI 0505
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And:
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ICPR04(I: 632-635).
IEEE DOI 0409
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Fu, Z.Y.[Zhou-Yu], Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Hu, W.M.[Wei-Ming], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu],
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ICPR04(IV: 549-552).
IEEE DOI 0409
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Tomaz, F., Candeias, T., Shahbazkia, H.,
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CRV04(180-187).
IEEE DOI 0408
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Widjaja, I., Leow, W.K.[Wee Kheng], Wu, F.C.[Fang-Cheng],
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ICIP03(I: 845-848).
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Shin, M.C., Chang, K.I., Tsap, L.V.,
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Huynh-Thu, Q.[Quan], Meguro, M., Kaneko, M.,
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IEEE DOI 0303
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Kruppa, H., Bauer, M.A., Schiele, B.,
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DAGM02(109 ff.).
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Gomez, G.,
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Angelopoulou, E., Molana, R., Daniilidis, K.,
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Brown, D.A., Craw, I., Lewthwaite, J.,
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Hadid, A., Pietikainen, M., Martinkauppi, B.,
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ICPR02(IV: 196-200).
IEEE DOI 0211
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AFGR96(312-317).
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ICPR98(Vol II: 1065-1067).
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Chapter on Face Recognition, Human Pose, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Finding Objectionable Images, Harmful Content, Filtering Web Sites .