25.4.3.1 Binarization: Threshold selection for documents, Character Enhancement

Chapter Contents (Back)
Binarization. Segmentation.
See also Segmentation by Thresholding, Quantization, or Relaxation.

Wahl, F.M.[Friedrich M.], Wong, K.Y.[Kwan Y.], Casey, R.G.[Richard G.],
Block Segmentation and Text Extraction in Mixed Text/Image Documents,
CGIP(20), No. 4, December 1982, pp. 375-390.
Elsevier DOI Document Analysis. Segmentation, Binarization. BibRef 8212

Casey, R.G.[Richard G.], Naagy, G.,
Recursive Segmentation and Classification of Composite Patterns,
ICPR82(1023-xx). Separate characters for OCR BibRef 8209

Walsh, B.F.[Brian F.], Halpert, D.E.[David E.],
Low resolution raster images,
US_Patent4,437,122, Mar 13, 1984
WWW Link. BibRef 8403

Nadler, M.[Morton],
Process and device for the binarization of a pattern,
US_Patent4,509,195, Apr 2, 1985
WWW Link. BibRef 8504

Tanioka, H.[Hiroshi],
Image processing apparatus,
US_Patent4,723,173, Feb 2, 1988
WWW Link. Binarization BibRef 8802

Yoneda, H.[Hitoshi], Machida, H.[Hironobu], Kanno, H.[Hiroki], Izawa, K.[Koji],
Image processing device,
US_Patent5,001,767, Mar 19, 1991
WWW Link. Binarization BibRef 9103

Klees, K.J.[Kevin J.],
Edge enhancement error diffusion thresholding for document images,
US_Patent5,034,990, July 23, 1991.
WWW Link. BibRef 9107
And:
Adaptive error diffusion thresholding for document images,
US_Patent5,060,284, Oct 22, 1991
WWW Link. BibRef

Marandici, M.P.[Mircea P.], Quinn, M.J.[Matthew J.],
Automatic threshold generation technique,
US_Patent5,337,373, Aug 9, 1994
WWW Link. BibRef 9408

Chou, S.L.[Sheng-Li], Yu, S.S.[Shiaw-Shian], Lai, Y.C.[Yuan-Cheng],
Run-based method for smoothing handwritten Chinese characters,
US_Patent5,410,614, Apr 25, 1995
WWW Link. BibRef 9504

Liu, Y., Srihari, S.N.,
Document Image Binarization Based on Texture Features,
PAMI(19), No. 5, May 1997, pp. 540-544.
IEEE DOI 9705
Candidate thresholds using Otsu (
See also Threshold Selection Method from Grey-Level Histograms, A. ), Textures using runlength histogram texture, Select threshold to preserve desirable document texture features. BibRef

Palumbo, P.W., Swaminathan, P., Srihari, S.N.,
Document Image Binarization: Evaluation of Algorithms,
SPIE(697), 1986, pp. 278-285. BibRef 8600

Liu, Y.,
Document Image Binarization Based on Texture Analysis,
Ph.D.Thesis, SUNY/Buffalo, 1995. BibRef 9500

Durham, T.J.[Thomas J.],
Method and apparatus for image capture of information on documents,
US_Patent4,821,332, Apr 11, 1989
WWW Link. BibRef 8904

Taxt, T., Flynn, P.J., and Jain, A.K.,
Segmentation of Document Images,
PAMI(11), No. 12, December 1989, pp. 1322-1329.
IEEE DOI BibRef 8912
Earlier: SMC-C89(1062-1067). OCR. Segmentation, Binarization. Evaluation, Segmentation. Document Analysis. Relaxation based technique worked best on two cases and the non-contextual technique on the other two. The system essentially classifies pixels as text or background, no recognition, etc. BibRef

Trier, O.D.[Oivind Due], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Goal-Directed Evaluation of Binarization Methods,
PAMI(17), No. 12, December 1995, pp. 1191-1201.
IEEE DOI Segmentation, Binarization. Evaluation, Segmentation. Evaluate the algorithm by how well the next stage performs, rather than some arbitrary measure. The same conclusion reached in
See also Evaluation of Binarization Methods for Document Images. BibRef 9512

Trier, O.D., Taxt, T.,
Evaluation of Binarization Methods for Document Images,
PAMI(17), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 312-315.
IEEE DOI Evaluation, Segmentation. Segmentation, Binarization. Evaluation, Thresholding. BibRef 9503
And: Correction: PAMI(17), No. 6, June 1995, pp. 640-640.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef
And:
Improvement of Integrated Function Algorithm for Binarization of Document Images,
PRL(16), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 277-283. BibRef
Earlier:
Evaluation of Binarization Methods for Utility Map Images,
ICIP94(II: 1046-1050).
IEEE DOI Modified locally adaptive methods were the best 3 when modified by
See also New Method for Image Segmentation, A. which was fourth by itself. Global methods did far worse. The method in the book (
See also Introduction to Digital Image Processing, An. ) (when modified) did the best.
See also Fast Adaptive Method for Binarization of Document Images, A. (modified) was second.
See also Dynamic Thresholding of Grey-Level Images. (modified) was third. BibRef

Tan, H.L.[Hin-Leong],
Row-by-row segmentation and thresholding for optical character recognition,
US_Patent5,081,690, Jan 14, 1992
WWW Link. BibRef 9201

Oh, I.S.,
Document Image Binarization Preserving Stroke Connectivity,
PRL(16), No. 7, July 1995, pp. 743-748. BibRef 9507

O'Gorman, L.,
Binarization and Multithresholding of Document Images Using Connectivity,
GMIP(56), No. 6, November 1994, pp. 494-506. BibRef 9411
And:
Experimental comparisons of binarization and multi-thresholding methods on document images,
ICPR94(B:395-398).
IEEE DOI 9410
BibRef

Kamel, M.S.[Mohamed S.], Zhao, A.[Aiguo],
Extraction of Binary Character/Graphics Images from Grayscale Document Images,
GMIP(55), No. 3, May 1993, pp. 203-??. BibRef 9305
Earlier:
Binary character/graphics image extraction: a new technique and six evaluation aspects,
ICPR92(III:113-116).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Mo, S., Mathews, V.J.,
Adaptive, Quadratic Preprocessing of Document Images for Binarization,
IP(7), No. 7, July 1998, pp. 992-999.
IEEE DOI 9807
BibRef

Jang, J.H.[Jeong-Hun], Hong, K.S.[Ki-Sang],
Binarization of noisy gray-scale character images by thin line modeling,
PR(32), No. 5, May 1999, pp. 743-752.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9905

Solihin, Y., Leedham, C.G.,
Integral Ratio: A New Class of Global Thresholding Techniques for Handwriting Images,
PAMI(21), No. 8, August 1999, pp. 761-768.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9908
Earlier:
Mathematical properties of the native integral ratio handwriting and text extraction technique,
ICDAR97(1102-1106).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Kaji, Y.[Yukio], Nakajima, T.[Toshiki],
Binarization system for an image scanner,
US_Patent5,915,049, Jun 22, 1999
WWW Link. BibRef 9906

Sauvola, J., Pietikäinen, M.,
Adaptive document image binarization,
PR(33), No. 2, February 2000, pp. 225-236.
Elsevier DOI 0001
BibRef

Sauvola, J., Seppanen, T., Haapakoski, S., Pietikainen, M.,
Adaptive document binarization,
ICDAR97(147-152).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Yang, Y.B.[Yi-Bing], Yan, H.[Hong],
An adaptive logical method for binarization of degraded document images,
PR(33), No. 5, May 2000, pp. 787-807.
Elsevier DOI 0003
BibRef

Zhao, M.S.[Man-Suo], Yang, Y.B.[Yi-Bing], Yan, H.[Hong],
An adaptive thresholding method for binarization of blueprint images,
PRL(21), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 927-943. 0008
BibRef

Savakis, A.E.[Andreas E.],
Document image thresholding using foreground and background clustering,
US_Patent6,044,179, Mar 28, 2000
WWW Link. BibRef 0003
And:
Adaptive document image thresholding using foreground and background clustering,
ICIP98(III: 785-789).
IEEE DOI 9810
BibRef

Qin, S.F.[Sheng-Feng], Wright, D.K.[David K.], Jordanov, I.N.[Ivan N.],
On-line segmentation of freehand sketches by knowledge-based nonlinear thresholding operations,
PR(34), No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1885-1893.
Elsevier DOI 0108
BibRef

Kim, I.K.[In-Kwon], Jung, D.W.[Dong-Wook], Park, R.H.[Rae-Hong],
Document image binarization based on topographic analysis using a water flow model,
PR(35), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 265-277.
Elsevier DOI 0111
BibRef

Don, H.S.[Hon-Son],
A noise attribute thresholding method for document image binarization,
IJDAR(4), No. 2 2001, pp. 131-138.
Springer DOI 0201
BibRef

Tsai, C.M.[Chun-Ming], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
Binarization of color document images via luminance and saturation color features,
IP(11), No. 4, April 2002, pp. 434-451.
IEEE DOI 0205
BibRef

Tsai, C.M.[Chun-Ming], Lee, H.J.[Hsi-Jian],
Efficiently extracting and classifying objects for analyzing color documents,
MVA(22), No. 1, January 2011, pp. 1-19.
WWW Link. 1101
BibRef

Tsai, C.M.[Chun-Ming], Yeh, Z.M.[Zong-Mu], Wang, Y.F.[Yuan-Fang],
Decision tree-based contrast enhancement for various color images,
MVA(22), No. 1, January 2011, pp. 21-37.
WWW Link. 1101
BibRef

Tsai, C.M.[Chun-Ming],
Intelligent region-based thresholding for color document images with highlighted regions,
PR(45), No. 4, April 2012, pp. 1341-1362.
Elsevier DOI 1112
Region-based thresholding; Color document image; Highlighted region background; Restricted background projection BibRef

Zlotnick, A.[Aviad],
Method for image binarization,
US_Patent6,351,566, Feb 26, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef 0202

Lee, Y.C.[Yong-Chun], Rudak, P.[Peter],
Region-based image binarization system,
US_Patent6,393,150, May 21, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef 0205

Dawoud, A.[Amer], Kamel, M.S.[Mohamed S.],
Natural Skeletonization: New Approach For The Skeletonization Of Handwritten Characters,
IJIG(5), No. 2, April 2005, pp. 267-279. 0504
BibRef

Dawoud, A.[Amer], Kamel, M.S.[Mohamed S.],
Iterative model-based binarization algorithm for cheque images,
IJDAR(5), No. 1, 2002, pp. 28-38.
Springer DOI 0211
BibRef
Earlier:
Binarization of document images using image dependent model,
ICDAR01(49-53).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Dawoud, A.[Amer], Kamel, M.S.[Mohamed S.],
Iterative Multimodel Subimage Binarization for Handwritten Character Segmentation,
IP(13), No. 9, September 2004, pp. 1223-1230.
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef
Earlier:
Iterative sub-image binarization for document images,
ICIP03(I: 553-556).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef

Tabbone, S.A.[Salvatore A.], Wendling, L.[Laurent],
Multi-scale binarization of images,
PRL(24), No. 1-3, January 2003, pp. 403-411.
Elsevier DOI 0211
BibRef
Earlier:
An original multi-scale algorithm to binarize images,
ICPR02(IV: 322-325).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Wang, B.[Bin], Li, X.F.[Xiang-Feng], Liu, F.[Feng], Hu, F.Q.[Fu-Qiao],
Color text image binarization based on binary texture analysis,
PRL(26), No. 10, 15 July 2005, pp. 1568-1576.
Elsevier DOI 0506
BibRef
And: PRL(26), No. 11, August 2005, pp. 1650-1657.
Elsevier DOI 0506
BibRef

Oh, H.H.[Hyun-Hwa], Lim, K.T.[Kil-Taek], Chien, S.I.[Sung-Il],
An improved binarization algorithm based on a water flow model for document image with inhomogeneous backgrounds,
PR(38), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 2612-2625.
Elsevier DOI 0510
BibRef

Curry, D.J.[Donald J.], Kletter, D.[Doron], Nafarieh, A.[Asghar],
Dynamic threshold system for multiple raster content (MRC) representation of documents,
US_Patent6,859,204, Feb 22, 2005
WWW Link. BibRef 0502

Gatos, B.[Basilios], Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.], Perantonis, S.J.[Stavros J.],
Adaptive degraded document image binarization,
PR(39), No. 3, March 2006, pp. 317-327.
Elsevier DOI 0601
BibRef
Earlier:
An Adaptive Binarization Technique for Low Quality Historical Documents,
DAS04(102-113).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Ntirogiannis, K., Gatos, B.[Basilios], Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.],
A combined approach for the binarization of handwritten document images,
PRL(35), No. 1, 2014, pp. 3-15.
Elsevier DOI 1312
Document image binarization BibRef

Gatos, B.[Basilis], Pratikakis, I.E., Perantonis, S.J.,
Improved document image binarization by using a combination of multiple binarization techniques and adapted edge information,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Gupta, M.R.[Maya R.], Jacobson, N.P.[Nathaniel P.], Garcia, E.K.[Eric K.],
OCR binarization and image pre-processing for searching historical documents,
PR(40), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 389-397.
Elsevier DOI 0611
OCR; Binarization; Multiresolutional; Halftoning BibRef

Downton, A.C.[Andy C.], He, J.Y.[Jing-Yu], Lucas, S.[Simon],
User-configurable OCR enhancement for online natural history archives,
IJDAR(9), No. 2-4, April 2007, pp. 263-279.
Springer DOI 0704
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, Only:
Evaluation of a user-assisted archive construction system for online natural history archives,
ICDAR05(I: 442-446).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

He, J., Do, Q.D.M., Downton, A.C., Kim, J.H.,
A comparison of binarization methods for historical archive documents,
ICDAR05(I: 538-542).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Badekas, E.[Efthimios], Nikolaou, N.[Nikos], Papamarkos, N.[Nikos],
Text binarization in color documents,
IJIST(16), No. 6, 2006, pp. 262-274.
DOI Link 0706
BibRef

Badekas, E.[Efthimios], Papamarkos, N.[Nikos],
Document binarisation using Kohonen SOM,
IET-IPR(1), No. 1, March 2007, pp. 67-84.
DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Nikolaou, N.[Nikos], Papamarkos, N.[Nikos],
Color reduction for complex document images,
IJIST(19), No. 1, March 2009, pp. 14-26.
DOI Link 0902
BibRef
Earlier:
Color Segmentation of Complex Document Images,
VISAPP06(251-263).
Springer DOI 0711
BibRef

Chen, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Sun, Q.S.[Quan-Sen], Heng, P.A.[Pheng Ann], Xia, D.S.[De-Shen],
A double-threshold image binarization method based on edge detector,
PR(41), No. 4, April 2008, pp. 1254-1267.
Elsevier DOI 0801
Binarization; Double-threshold; Edge connection; Edge detector; Seed filling
See also Parametric active contours for object tracking based on matching degree image of object contour points. BibRef

Chen, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Xue, B.[Benben], Sun, Q.S.[Quan-Sen], Xia, D.S.[De-Shen],
Interactive image segmentation based on object contour feature image,
ICIP10(3605-3608).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Dong, L.J.[Li-Ju], Yu, G.[Ge], Ogunbona, P.[Philip], Li, W.Q.[Wan-Qing],
An efficient iterative algorithm for image thresholding,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1311-1316.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Thresholding; Binarisation; Segmentation BibRef

Huang, S.T.[Song-Tao], Ahmadi, M.[Majid], Sid-Ahmed, M.A.,
A hidden Markov model-based character extraction method,
PR(41), No. 9, September 2008, pp. 2890-2900.
Elsevier DOI 0806
Binarization; Thresholding; HMM; OCR; Stroke BibRef

Hu, X.F.[Xiao-Feng], Ye, Q.T.[Qing-Tai],
Adaptive Thresholding for Degraded Call Number Images,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 1, January 2005, pp. 162-163.
DOI Link 0501
BibRef

Chi, Z.[Zheru], Wang, Q.[Qing],
Document Image Binarization With Feedback For Improving Character Segmentation,
IJIG(5), No. 2, April 2005, pp. 281-309. 0504
BibRef

Quweider, M.K., Scargle, J.D., Jackson, B.,
Grey level reduction for segmentation, threshholding and binarisation of images based on optimal partitioning on an interval,
IET-IPR(1), No. 2, June 2007, pp. 103-111.
DOI Link 0905
BibRef

Ramirez-Ortegon, M.A.[Marte A.], Tapia, E.[Ernesto], Ramirez-Ramirez, L.L.[Lilia L.], Rojas, R.[Raul], Cuevas, E.[Erik],
Transition pixel: A concept for binarization based on edge detection and gray-intensity histograms,
PR(43), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 1233-1243.
Elsevier DOI 1002
Transition function; Thresholding; Binarization; Edge detection; Integral image; Image pre-processing BibRef

Ramirez-Ortegon, M.A.[Marte A.], Rojas, R.[Raul],
Unsupervised Evaluation Methods Based on Local Gray-Intensity Variances for Binarization of Historical Documents,
ICPR10(2029-2032).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Ramirez-Ortegon, M.A.[Marte A.], Tapia, E.[Ernesto], Rojas, R.[Raul], Cuevas, E.[Erik],
Transition thresholds and transition operators for binarization and edge detection,
PR(43), No. 10, October 2010, pp. 3243-3254.
Elsevier DOI 1007
Transition function; Thresholding; Binarization; Edge detection; Image pre-processing BibRef

Ramirez-Ortegon, M.A.[Marte A.], Rojas, R.[Raul],
Transition Thresholds for Binarization of Historical Documents,
ICPR10(2362-2365).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Ramirez-Ortegon, M.A.[Marte A.], Duenez-Guzman, E.A.[Edgar A.], Rojas, R.[Raul], Cuevas, E.[Erik],
Unsupervised measures for parameter selection of binarization algorithms,
PR(44), No. 3, March 2011, pp. 491-502.
Elsevier DOI 1011
Binarization; Image pre-processing; Unsupervised evaluation method BibRef

Ramirez-Ortegon, M.A.[Marte A.], Tapia, E.[Ernesto], Block, M., Rojas, R.[Raul],
Quantile Linear Algorithm for Robust Binarization of Digitalized Letters,
ICDAR07(1158-1162).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Chou, C.H.[Chien-Hsing], Lin, W.H.[Wen-Hsiung], Chang, F.[Fu],
A binarization method with learning-built rules for document images produced by cameras,
PR(43), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 1518-1530.
Elsevier DOI 1002
Document image binarization; Global threshold; Image processing; Local threshold; Multi-label problem; Non-uniform brightness; Support vector machine BibRef

Lazaro, J.[Jesus], Martin, J.L.[Jose Luis], Arias, J.[Jagoba], Astarloa, A.[Armando], Cuadrado, C.[Carlos],
Neuro semantic thresholding using OCR software for high precision OCR applications,
IVC(28), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 571-578.
Elsevier DOI 1002
Thresholding; Binarization; GRNN; Semantic description; OCR BibRef

Pai, Y.T.[Yu-Ting], Chang, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Ruan, S.J.[Shanq-Jang],
Adaptive thresholding algorithm: Efficient computation technique based on intelligent block detection for degraded document images,
PR(43), No. 9, September 2010, pp. 3177-3187.
Elsevier DOI 1006
Document image analysis; Document image binarization; Adaptive thresholding; High speed; Low computational cost BibRef

Naegel, B.[Benoit], Wendling, L.[Laurent],
A document binarization method based on connected operators,
PRL(31), No. 11, 1 August 2010, pp. 1251-1259.
Elsevier DOI 1008
BibRef
Earlier:
Document Binarization Based on Connected Operators,
ICDAR09(316-320).
IEEE DOI 0907
Document binarization; Connected operators; Component-tree; Mathematical morphology BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Su, B.[Bolan], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Document image binarization using background estimation and stroke edges,
IJDAR(13), No. 4, December 2010, pp. 303-314.
WWW Link. 1101
BibRef

Gatos, B.[Basilis], Ntirogiannis, K.[Konstantinos], Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.],
DIBCO 2009: document image binarization contest,
IJDAR(14), No. 1, March 2011, pp. 35-44.
WWW Link. 1103
Evaluation, Binarization. BibRef
Earlier:
ICDAR 2009 Document Image Binarization Contest (DIBCO 2009),
ICDAR09(1375-1382).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Pratikakis, I.[Ioannis], Gatos, B.[Basilis], Ntirogiannis, K.[Konstantinos],
ICDAR 2013 Document Image Binarization Contest (DIBCO 2013),
ICDAR13(1471-1476)
IEEE DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
ICFHR 2012 Competition on Handwritten Document Image Binarization (H-DIBCO 2012),
FHR12(817-822).
IEEE DOI 1302
Evaluation, Binarization. BibRef
And:
ICDAR 2011 Document Image Binarization Contest (DIBCO 2011),
ICDAR11(1506-1510).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef
And:
H-DIBCO 2010: Handwritten Document Image Binarization Competition,
FHR10(727-732).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Bataineh, B.[Bilal], Abdullah, S.N.H.S.[Siti Norul Huda Sheikh], Omar, K.[Khairuddin],
An adaptive local binarization method for document images based on a novel thresholding method and dynamic windows,
PRL(32), No. 14, 15 October 2011, pp. 1805-1813.
Elsevier DOI 1110
Document image binarization; Local binarization; OCR; Text; Thresholding methods BibRef

Shi, J.[Jichuan], Ray, N.[Nilanjan], Zhang, H.[Hong],
Shape based local thresholding for binarization of document images,
PRL(33), No. 1, 1 January 2012, pp. 24-32.
Elsevier DOI 1112
Document binarization; Image threshold; Shape analysis
See also Solidity based local threshold for oil sand image segmentation. BibRef

Valizadeh, M.[Morteza], Kabir, E.[Ehsanollah],
Binarization of degraded document image based on feature space partitioning and classification,
IJDAR(15), No. 1, March 2012, pp. 57-69.
WWW Link. 1203
BibRef

Valizadeh, M.[Morteza], Kabir, E.[Ehsanollah],
Partitioning of feature space by iterative classification for degraded document image binarisation,
IET-IPR(6), No. 6, 2012, pp. 804-812.
DOI Link 1210
BibRef

Valizadeh, M.[Morteza], Kabir, E.[Ehsanollah],
An adaptive water flow model for binarization of degraded document images,
IJDAR(16), No. 2, June 2013, pp. 165-176.
WWW Link. 1306
BibRef

Chiu, Y.H.[Yung-Hsiang], Chung, K.L.[Kuo-Liang], Yang, W.N.[Wei-Ning], Huang, Y.H.[Yong-Huai], Liao, C.H.[Chi-Huang],
Parameter-free based two-stage method for binarizing degraded document images,
PR(45), No. 12, December 2012, pp. 4250-4262.
Elsevier DOI 1208
Adaptive binarization method; Degraded document image; Document image processing; Performance evaluation BibRef

Zhu, Z.J.[Zhong-Jie], Wang, Y.[Yuer], Jiang, G.Y.[Gang-Yi],
On Perceptually Consistent Image Binarization,
SPLetters(20), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 3-6.
IEEE DOI 1212
BibRef

Wen, J.T.[Jiang-Tao], Li, S.[Shumo], Sun, J.[Jiedi],
A new binarization method for non-uniform illuminated document images,
PR(46), No. 6, June 2013, pp. 1670-1690.
Elsevier DOI 1302
Document image binarization; Non-uniform brightness; Curvelet transform; Adaptive multi-scale processing BibRef

Guo, G.C.[Gen-Cheng], Yu, X.W.[Xin-Wei], Jing, Y.[Yindi], Mandal, M.,
Optimal Design of Noise-Enhanced Binary Threshold Detector Under AUC Measure,
SPLetters(20), No. 2, February 2013, pp. 161-164.
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Dawoud, A., Netchaev, A.,
Graph cut-based binarisation of noisy check images,
IET-IPR(6), No. 9, 2012, pp. 1256-1261.
DOI Link 1302
BibRef

Shaikh, S.H.[Soharab Hossain], Maiti, A.K.[Asis Kumar], Chaki, N.[Nabendu],
A new image binarization method using iterative partitioning,
MVA(24), No. 2, February 2013, pp. 337-350.
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Su, B.[Bolan], Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Robust Document Image Binarization Technique for Degraded Document Images,
IP(22), No. 4, April 2013, pp. 1408-1417.
IEEE DOI 1303
BibRef
Earlier:
Combination of Document Image Binarization Techniques,
ICDAR11(22-26).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Binarization of Badly Illuminated Document Images through Shading Estimation and Compensation,
ICDAR07(312-316).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Beauchemin, M.,
Image thresholding based on semivariance,
PRL(34), No. 5, 1 April 2013, pp. 456-462.
Elsevier DOI 1303
Image thresholding; Binarization; Multiscale; Variogram; Semivariance BibRef

Lelore, T.[Thibault], Bouchara, F.[Frédéric],
FAIR: A Fast Algorithm for Document Image Restoration,
PAMI(35), No. 8, 2013, pp. 2039-2048.
IEEE DOI 1307
BibRef
Earlier:
Document Image Binarisation Using Markov Field Model,
ICDAR09(551-555).
IEEE DOI 0907
Image edge detection; Image enhancement; image edge detection BibRef

Ramírez-Ortegón, M.A.[Marte A.], Märgner, V.[Volker], Cuevas, E.[Erik], Rojas, R.[Raúl],
An optimization for binarization methods by removing binary artifacts,
PRL(34), No. 11, 1 August 2013, pp. 1299-1306.
Elsevier DOI 1306
Historical documents; Threshold; Denoising; Binarization; Minimum error rate; Bayes theory BibRef

Ramírez-Ortegón, M.A.[Marte A.], Ramírez-Ramírez, L.L.[Lilia L.], Märgner, V.[Volker], Ben Messaoud, I.[Ines], Cuevas, E.[Erik], Rojas, R.[Raúl],
An analysis of the transition proportion for binarization in handwritten historical documents,
PR(47), No. 8, 2014, pp. 2635-2651.
Elsevier DOI 1405
Threshold BibRef

Ramírez-Ortegón, M.A.[Marte A.], Ramírez-Ramírez, L.L.[Lilia L.], Ben Messaoud, I.[Ines], Märgner, V.[Volker], Cuevas, E.[Erik], Rojas, R.[Raúl],
A model for the gray-intensity distribution of historical handwritten documents and its application for binarization,
IJDAR(17), No. 2, June 2014, pp. 139-160.
Springer DOI 1407
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Howe, N.R.[Nicholas R.],
Document binarization with automatic parameter tuning,
IJDAR(16), No. 3, September 2013, pp. 247-258.
Springer DOI 1309
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And: Erratum: IJDAR(16), No. 3, September 2013, pp. 259.
Springer DOI 1309
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Abbasi, N.[Naeem], Athow, J.[Jacques], Amer, A.[Aishy],
Modified stable Euler-number algorithm implementation for real-time image binarization,
RealTimeIP(9), No. 1, March 2014, pp. 31-45.
WWW Link. 1403
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Real-time FPGA architecture of modified Stable Euler-Number algorithm for image binarization,
ICIP09(3253-3256).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Farias, R.C., Moisan, E., Brossier, J.M.,
Optimal Asymmetric Binary Quantization for Estimation Under Symmetrically Distributed Noise,
SPLetters(21), No. 5, May 2014, pp. 523-526.
IEEE DOI 1404
parameter estimation BibRef

Namane, A., Guessoum, A., Soubari, E.H., Meyrueis, P.,
CSM neural network for degraded printed character optical recognition,
JVCIR(25), No. 5, 2014, pp. 1171-1186.
Elsevier DOI 1406
Component BibRef

Hoang, T.V.[Thai V.], Smith, E.H.B.[Elisa H. Barney], Tabbone, S.A.[Salvatore A.],
Sparsity-based edge noise removal from bilevel graphical document images,
IJDAR(17), No. 2, June 2014, pp. 161-179.
Springer DOI 1407
BibRef
Earlier:
Edge noise removal in bilevel graphical document images using sparse representation,
ICIP11(3549-3552).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Nafchi, H.Z.[Hossein Ziaei], Moghaddam, R.F.[Reza Farrahi], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Phase-Based Binarization of Ancient Document Images: Model and Applications,
IP(23), No. 7, July 2014, pp. 2916-2930.
IEEE DOI 1407
BibRef
Earlier:
Application of Phase-Based Features and Denoising in Postprocessing and Binarization of Historical Document Images,
ICDAR13(220-224)
IEEE DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
Historical Document Binarization Based on Phase Information of Images,
eHeritage12(II:1-12).
Springer DOI 1304
Degradation. document image processing BibRef

Moghaddam, R.F., Moghaddam, F.F., Cheriet, M.,
Unsupervised Ensemble of Experts (EoE) Framework for Automatic Binarization of Document Images,
ICDAR13(703-707)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Nafchi, H.Z., Ayatollahi, S.M., Moghaddam, R.F., Cheriet, M.,
An Efficient Ground Truthing Tool for Binarization of Historical Manuscripts,
ICDAR13(807-811)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Hedjam, R., Cheriet, M.,
Ground-Truth Estimation in Multispectral Representation Space: Application to Degraded Document Image Binarization,
ICDAR13(190-194)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Lazzara, G.[Guillaume], Géraud, T.[Thierry],
Efficient multiscale Sauvola's binarization,
IJDAR(17), No. 2, June 2014, pp. 105-123.
WWW Link. 1407

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Singh, B.M.[Brij Mohan], Sharma, R.[Rahul], Ghosh, D.[Debashis], Mittal, A.[Ankush],
Adaptive binarization of severely degraded and non-uniformly illuminated documents,
IJDAR(17), No. 4, December 2014, pp. 393-412.
Springer DOI 1411
BibRef

Ranjani, J.J.[J. Jennifer],
Bi-level thresholding for binarisation of handwritten and printed documents,
IET-CV(9), No. 1, 2015, pp. 41-50.
DOI Link 1504
divide and conquer methods BibRef

Shaikh, S.H.[Soharab Hossain], Dey, A.[Ayan], Saeed, K.[Khalid], Chaki, N.[Nabendu],
On creation of reference image for degraded documents binarisation,
IJCVR(5), No. 2, 2015, pp. 155-180.
DOI Link 1505
BibRef

Mitianoudis, N.[Nikolaos], Papamarkos, N.[Nikolaos],
Document image binarization using local features and Gaussian mixture modeling,
IVC(38), No. 1, 2015, pp. 33-51.
Elsevier DOI 1506
BibRef
Earlier:
Multi-spectral document image binarization using image fusion and background subtraction techniques,
ICIP14(5172-5176)
IEEE DOI 1502
Binarization. Clustering algorithms BibRef

Wagdy, M.[Marian], Faye, I.[Ibrahima], Rohaya, D.[Dayang],
Document Image Binarization Using Retinex and Global Thresholding,
ELCVIA(14), No. 1, 2015, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 1505
BibRef

Bag, S.[Soumen], Bhowmick, P.[Partha],
Adaptive-interpolative binarization with stroke preservation for restoration of faint characters in degraded documents,
JVCIR(31), No. 1, 2015, pp. 266-281.
Elsevier DOI 1508
Adaptive thresholding BibRef

Bag, S.[Soumen], Bhowmick, P.[Partha], Behera, P.[Priyaranjan], Harit, G.[Gaurav],
Robust binarization of degraded documents using adaptive-cum-interpolative thresholding in a multi-scale framework,
ICIIP11(1-6).
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Ahmadi, E.[Ehsan], Azimifar, Z.[Zohreh], Shams, M.[Maryam], Famouri, M.[Mahmoud], Shafiee, M.J.[Mohammad Javad],
Document image binarization using a discriminative structural classifier,
PRL(63), No. 1, 2015, pp. 36-42.
Elsevier DOI 1508
Document image binarization BibRef

Hedjam, R., Nafchi, H.Z., Kalacska, M., Cheriet, M.,
Influence of Color-to-Gray Conversion on the Performance of Document Image Binarization: Toward a Novel Optimization Problem,
IP(24), No. 11, November 2015, pp. 3637-3651.
IEEE DOI 1509
document image processing BibRef

Nafchi, H.Z., Shahkolaei, A., Hedjam, R., Cheriet, M.,
CorrC2G: Color to Gray Conversion by Correlation,
SPLetters(24), No. 11, November 2017, pp. 1651-1655.
IEEE DOI 1710
Channel estimation, Color, Correlation, Gray-scale, Image color analysis, Measurement, Color to gray conversion, RGB, correlation, decolorization, grayscale, luminance BibRef

Abedi, A., Kabir, E.,
Stroke width-based directional total variation regularisation for document image super resolution,
IET-IPR(10), No. 2, 2016, pp. 158-166.
DOI Link 1602
Bayes methods BibRef

Sen, A., Islam, M.M., Murase, K., Yao, X.,
Binarization With Boosting and Oversampling for Multiclass Classification,
Cyber(46), No. 5, May 2016, pp. 1078-1091.
IEEE DOI 1604
Boosting BibRef

Belhedi, A., Marcotegui, B.,
Adaptive scene-text binarisation on images captured by smartphones,
IET-IPR(10), No. 7, 2016, pp. 515-523.
DOI Link 1608
feature extraction BibRef

Liu, M.[Maofu], Liu, Y.[Ya], Liu, Z.G.[Zhen-Guang], Hu, H.J.[Hui-Jun], Fang, W.[Wei],
Pooling-Based Quantitative Approach to Evaluating Binarization Algorithms,
MultMedMag(24), No. 1, January 2017, pp. 86-92.
IEEE DOI 1702
Algorithm design and analysis BibRef

Mishra, A.[Anand], Alahari, K.[Karteek], Jawahar, C.V.,
Unsupervised refinement of color and stroke features for text binarization,
IJDAR(20), No. 2, June 2017, pp. 105-121.
Springer DOI 1706
BibRef

Hadjadj, Z.[Zineb], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Meziane, A.[Abdelkrim], Cherfa, Y.[Yazid],
A new efficient binarization method: Application to degraded historical document images,
SIViP(11), No. 6, September 2017, pp. 1155-1162.
Springer DOI 1708
BibRef

Ho, A.K.N.[Anh Khoi Ngo], Eglin, V.[Véronique], Ragot, N.[Nicolas], Ramel, J.Y.[Jean-Yves],
A multi-one-class dynamic classifier for adaptive digitization of document streams,
IJDAR(20), No. 3, September 2017, pp. 137-154.
Springer DOI 1708
BibRef

Kasmin, F., Abdullah, A., Prabuwono, A.S.,
Ensemble of steerable local neighbourhood grey-level information for binarization,
PRL(98), No. 1, 2017, pp. 8-15.
Elsevier DOI 1710
Binarization BibRef

Vo, Q.N.[Quang Nhat], Kim, S.H.[Soo Hyung], Yang, H.J.[Hyung Jeong], Lee, G.S.[Guee-Sang],
Binarization of degraded document images based on hierarchical deep supervised network,
PR(74), No. 1, 2018, pp. 568-586.
Elsevier DOI 1711
Document image binarization BibRef

Jia, F.[Fuxi], Shi, C.Z.[Cun-Zhao], He, K.[Kun], Wang, C.H.[Chun-Heng], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua],
Degraded document image binarization using structural symmetry of strokes,
PR(74), No. 1, 2018, pp. 225-240.
Elsevier DOI 1711
Document image binarization BibRef

Westphal, F.[Florian], Grahn, H.[Håkan], Lavesson, N.[Niklas],
Efficient document image binarization using heterogeneous computing and parameter tuning,
IJDAR(21), No. 1-2, June 2018, pp. 41-58.
Springer DOI 1806
BibRef

Lu, D.[Di], Huang, X.[Xin], Sui, L.X.[Li-Xue],
Binarization of degraded document images based on contrast enhancement,
IJDAR(21), No. 1-2, June 2018, pp. 123-135.
WWW Link. 1806
BibRef

Vo, G.D.[Garret D.], Park, C.[Chiwoo],
Robust regression for image binarization under heavy noise and nonuniform background,
PR(81), 2018, pp. 224-239.
Elsevier DOI 1806
Image binarization, Background subtraction, Robust regression, Document image analysis, Microscopy image analysis BibRef

Calvo-Zaragoza, J.[Jorge], Gallego, A.J.[Antonio-Javier],
A selectional auto-encoder approach for document image binarization,
PR(86), 2019, pp. 37-47.
Elsevier DOI 1811
Binarization, Document analysis, Auto-encoders, Convolutional Neural Networks BibRef

Bhowmik, S., Sarkar, R., Das, B., Doermann, D.S.[David S.],
GiB: A Game Theory Inspired Binarization Technique for Degraded Document Images,
IP(28), No. 3, March 2019, pp. 1443-1455.
IEEE DOI 1812
Game theory. BibRef

He, S.[Sheng], Schomaker, L.[Lambert],
DeepOtsu: Document enhancement and binarization using iterative deep learning,
PR(91), 2019, pp. 379-390.
Elsevier DOI 1904
Document enhancement and binarization, Convolutional neural networks, Iterative deep learning, Recurrent refinement BibRef

Ayyalasomayajula, K.R.[Kalyan Ram], Malmberg, F.[Filip], Brun, A.[Anders],
PDNet: Semantic segmentation integrated with a primal-dual network for document binarization,
PRL(121), 2019, pp. 52-60.
Elsevier DOI 1904
Binarization, Semantic segmentation, Convolutional neural networks, Energy minimization, Primal-dual scheme BibRef

Bouillon, M.[Manuel], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Liwicki, M.[Marcus],
Grayification: A meaningful grayscale conversion to improve handwritten historical documents analysis,
PRL(121), 2019, pp. 46-51.
Elsevier DOI 1904
Historical document analysis, Handwriting recognition, Grayscale conversio, Image binarization BibRef

Zhao, J.Y.[Jin-Yuan], Shi, C.Z.[Cun-Zhao], Jia, F.[Fuxi], Wang, Y.N.[Yan-Na], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua],
Document image binarization with cascaded generators of conditional generative adversarial networks,
PR(96), 2019, pp. 106968.
Elsevier DOI 1909
Cascaded generator, Conditional generative adversarial networks, Historical document analysis BibRef

Kota, B.U.[Bhargava Urala], Davila, K.[Kenny], Stone, A.[Alexander], Setlur, S.[Srirangaraj], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Generalized framework for summarization of fixed-camera lecture videos by detecting and binarizing handwritten content,
IJDAR(22), No. 3, September 2019, pp. 221-233.
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Bai, X., Ye, L., Zhu, J., Zhu, L., Komura, T.,
Skeleton Filter: A Self-Symmetric Filter for Skeletonization in Noisy Text Images,
IP(29), No. 1, 2020, pp. 1815-1826.
IEEE DOI 1912
Skeleton, Gabor filters, Filter banks, Neuroscience, Noise measurement, Shape, Information filtering, noisy text images BibRef

De, R., Chakraborty, A., Sarkar, R.,
Document Image Binarization Using Dual Discriminator Generative Adversarial Networks,
SPLetters(27), 2020, pp. 1090-1094.
IEEE DOI 2007
Binarization, deep learning, generative adversarial network, document image, focal loss BibRef

Salehani, Y.E., Arabnejad, E., Rahiche, A.[Abderrahmane], Bakhta, A., Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
MSdB-NMF: MultiSpectral Document Image Binarization Framework via Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Approach,
IP(29), 2020, pp. 9099-9112.
IEEE DOI 2009
Degradation, Feature extraction, Ink, Sparse matrices, Robustness, Imaging, Minimization, Multispectral, hyperspectral, document image, sparseness BibRef

Rahiche, A.[Abderrahmane], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Blind Decomposition of Multispectral Document Images Using Orthogonal Nonnegative Matrix Factorization,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 5997-6012.
IEEE DOI 2107
Manifolds, Optimization, Data models, Matrix decomposition, Task analysis, Image segmentation, Image analysis, Blind source separation BibRef

Rahiche, A.[Abderrahmane], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Forgery Detection in Hyperspectral Document Images using Graph Orthogonal Nonnegative Matrix Factorization,
WMF20(2823-2831)
IEEE DOI 2008
Ink, Forgery, Hyperspectral imaging, Forensics, Text analysis, Cost function BibRef

Kang, S.[Seokjun], Iwana, B.K.[Brian Kenji], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Complex image processing with less data: Document image binarization by integrating multiple pre-trained U-Net modules,
PR(109), 2021, pp. 107577.
Elsevier DOI 2009
Convolutional neural network, U-Net, Document image binarization, DIBCO, H-DIBCO BibRef

Castellanos, F.J.[Francisco J.], Gallego, A.J.[Antonio-Javier], Calvo-Zaragoza, J.[Jorge],
Unsupervised neural domain adaptation for document image binarization,
PR(119), 2021, pp. 108099.
Elsevier DOI 2108
Binarization, Machine learning, Domain adaptation, Adversarial training BibRef

Kang, H.[Henry], Stamoulis, I.[Ioannis],
Gaussian Image Binarization,
IJIG(21), No. 4, October 2021 2021, pp. 2150047.
DOI Link 2110
BibRef

Suh, S.[Sungho], Kim, J.[Jihun], Lukowicz, P.[Paul], Lee, Y.O.[Yong Oh],
Two-stage generative adversarial networks for binarization of color document images,
PR(130), 2022, pp. 108810.
Elsevier DOI 2206
Document image binarization, Generative adversarial networks, Optical character recognition, Color document image enhancement BibRef

Nnolim, U.A.[Uche A.],
Dynamic Selective Edge-Based Integer/Fractional-Order Partial Differential Equation for Degraded Document Image Binarization,
IJIG(22), No. 4, July 2022, pp. 2250030.
DOI Link 2208
BibRef

Yang, Z.Y.[Zong-Yuan], Liu, B.L.[Bao-Lin], Xiong, Y.P.[Yong-Ping], Wu, G.[Guibin],
GDB: Gated Convolutions-based Document Binarization,
PR(146), 2024, pp. 109989.
Elsevier DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2311
Document binarization, Gated convolutions, Generative adversarial networks, Multi-scale fusion, Multi-branch learning BibRef

Lin, S.J.[Shi-Jie], Zhang, X.[Xiang], Yang, L.[Lei], Yu, L.[Lei], Zhou, B.[Bin], Luo, X.W.[Xiao-Wei], Wang, W.P.[Wen-Ping], Pan, J.[Jia],
Neuromorphic Synergy for Video Binarization,
IP(33), 2024, pp. 1403-1418.
IEEE DOI 2402
Cameras, Task analysis, Streaming media, Neuromorphics, Image restoration, Real-time systems, Optimization, high frame-rate video restoration BibRef

He, Y.F.[Ye-Fei], Zhang, L.[Luoming], Wu, W.J.[Wei-Jia], Zhou, H.[Hong],
Binarizing by Classification: Is Soft Function Really Necessary?,
CirSysVideo(34), No. 2, February 2024, pp. 973-982.
IEEE DOI 2402
Task analysis, Pose estimation, Computational modeling, Training, Optimization, Complexity theory, Neural networks, pose estimation BibRef

Detsikas, N.[Nikolaos], Mitianoudis, N.[Nikolaos], Papamarkos, N.[Nikolaos],
A Dilated MultiRes Visual Attention U-Net for historical document image binarization,
SP:IC(122), 2024, pp. 117102.
Elsevier DOI 2402
Semantic segmentation, Historical document image binarization, Attention, U-Net architectures, Residual connections BibRef

Zhang, Z.J.[Zhi-Jia], Shao, Y.M.[Yi-Ming], Wang, L.G.[Li-Gang], Li, H.X.[Hai-Xing], Liu, Y.P.[Yun-Peng],
IDBNet: Improved differentiable binarisation network for natural scene text detection,
IET-CV(18), No. 2, 2024, pp. 224-235.
DOI Link 2403
natural scenes, text detection BibRef

Nagendra, S.[Savinay], Kifer, D.[Daniel],
PatchRefineNet: Improving Binary Segmentation by Incorporating Signals from Optimal Patch-wise Binarization,
WACV24(1350-1361)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2404
Training, Image segmentation, Systematics, Roads, Computational modeling, Source coding, Algorithms, Biomedical / healthcare / medicine BibRef

Mei, X.G.[Xin-Guo], Mu, D.[Dazhong], Cao, P.[Peng],
Low-quality image binarization method based on threshold array system,
CVIDL23(29-33)
IEEE DOI 2403
Image quality, Deep learning, Frequency modulation, Array signal processing, Stochastic resonance, Interference, image processing BibRef

Yang, Z.Y.[Zong-Yuan], Xiong, Y.P.[Yong-Ping], Wu, G.[Guibin],
Document Binarization with Multi-Branch Gated Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks,
ICIP23(680-684)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2312
BibRef

González-Barrachina, P.[Pedro], Alfaro-Contreras, M.[María], Nieto-Hidalgo, M.[Mario], Calvo-Zaragoza, J.[Jorge],
Lifelong Learning for Document Image Binarization: An Experimental Study,
IbPRIA23(146-157).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Rosello, A.[Adrian], Castellanos, F.J.[Francisco J.], Martinez-Esteso, J.P.[Juan P.], Gallego, A.J.[Antonio Javier], Calvo-Zaragoza, J.[Jorge],
Test-time Augmentation for Document Image Binarization,
IbPRIA23(158-169).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Garrido-Munoz, C.[Carlos], Sánchez-Hernández, A.[Adrián], Castellanos, F.J.[Francisco J.], Calvo-Zaragoza, J.[Jorge],
Continual Learning for Document Image Binarization,
ICPR22(1443-1449)
IEEE DOI 2212
Training, Graphics, Adaptation models, Text analysis, Image analysis, Neural networks BibRef

Sadekar, K.[Kaustubh], Tiwari, A.[Ashish], Singh, P.[Prajwal], Raman, S.[Shanmuganathan],
LS-HDIB: A Large Scale Handwritten Document Image Binarization Dataset,
ICPR22(1678-1684)
IEEE DOI 2212
Training, Learning systems, Degradation, Adaptation models, Image segmentation, Thresholding (Imaging), Cloning BibRef

Kumar, A.[Amandeep], Ghose, S.[Shuvozit], Chowdhury, P.N.[Pinaki Nath], Roy, P.P.[Partha Pratim], Pal, U.[Umapada],
UDBNET: Unsupervised Document Binarization Network via Adversarial Game,
ICPR21(7817-7824)
IEEE DOI 2105
Text analysis, Image analysis, Games, Noise measurement, Task analysis BibRef

Bhunia, A.K., Bhunia, A.K., Sain, A., Roy, P.P.,
Improving Document Binarization Via Adversarial Noise-Texture Augmentation,
ICIP19(2721-2725)
IEEE DOI 1910
Document image binarization, Adversarial Learning, Augmentation, Style transfer, Unpaired data BibRef

Rahiche, A.[Abderrahmane], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
KFBin: Kalman Filter-Based Approach for Document Image Binarization,
ICIAR19(I:150-161).
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Michalak, H.[Hubert], Okarma, K.[Krzysztof],
Adaptive Image Binarization Based on Multi-layered Stack of Regions,
CAIP19(II:281-293).
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Karpinski, R.[Romain], Belaïd, A.[Abdel],
Combination of Two Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Robust Binarization,
ACCV18(III:509-524).
Springer DOI 1906
BibRef

Xiong, W., Jia, X., Xu, J., Xiong, Z., Liu, M., Wang, J.,
Historical document image binarization using background estimation and energy minimization,
ICPR18(3716-3721)
IEEE DOI 1812
Image edge detection, Transforms, Laplace equations, Estimation, Thresholding (Imaging), Minimization, Gray-scale, Laplacian energy minimization BibRef

Zhou, Q., Wang, M., Shao, X.,
A Kind of Effective Method for Interference Image Binarization,
ICVISP17(51-54)
IEEE DOI 1712
Signal processing, Image binarization, adaptive template, interference fringes, optical interference measurement, uneven illumination BibRef

Ghoshal, R.[Ranjit], Saha, A.[Aditya], Das, S.[Sayan],
A Variance Based Image Binarization Scheme and Its Application in Text Segmentation,
PReMI17(132-138).
Springer DOI 1711
BibRef

Das, A., Chowdhury, S.,
Adaptive method for multi colored text binarization,
WSSIP17(1-5)
IEEE DOI 1707
Image color analysis, Image edge detection, Mathematical model, Optical character recognition software, Text analysis, Color document binarization, Dynamic thresholding, Text, binarization BibRef

Ayyalasomayajula, K.R.[Kalyan Ram], Brun, A.[Anders],
Historical Document Binarization Combining Semantic Labeling and Graph Cuts,
SCIA17(I: 386-396).
Springer DOI 1706
BibRef

Huynh, L.D.[Lê Duy], Xu, Y.C.[Yong-Chao], Géraud, T.[Thierry],
Morphology-based hierarchical representation with application to text segmentation in natural images,
ICPR16(4029-4034)
IEEE DOI 1705
Image segmentation, Interpolation, Labeling, Laplace equations, Level set, Robustness, Shape, Document Binarization, Mathematical Morphology, Non-linear Laplace Operator, Text Segmentation, Tree, of, Shapes BibRef