20.4.5.6.10 Video Analysis, Key Frames, Keyframe

Chapter Contents (Back)
Key Frames. Keyframes Selection. Video Analysis.
See also Image Copy, Duplicate Image Detection.

Xiong, W., Lee, J.C.M., Ma, R.H.,
Automatic Video Data Structuring Through Shot Partitioning and Key-Frame Computing,
MVA(10), No. 2, 1997, pp. 51-65.
Springer DOI 9707
BibRef

Zhang, H.J.[Hong J.], Wu, J.H.[Jian H.], Smoliar, S.W.[Stephen W.],
System for automatic video segmentation and key frame extraction for video sequences having both sharp and gradual transitions,
US_Patent5,635,982, Jun 3, 1997
WWW Link. BibRef 9706

Arman, F.[Farshid], Hsu, A.[Arding], Chiu, M.Y.[Ming-Yee],
Method for representing contents of a single video shot using frames,
US_Patent5,606,655, Feb 25, 1997
WWW Link. BibRef 9702

Robotham, J.S.[John S.], Moorby, P.R.[Philip R.], di Lascia, P.[Paul], Mason, P.[Philip],
Method and apparatus for compressing and analyzing video and for creating a reference video,
US_Patent5,627,765, May 6, 1997
WWW Link. BibRef 9705

Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi], Amano, Y.[Yoshikazu], Hirahata, S.[Shigeru],
Method and apparatus for making a digest picture,
US_Patent5,974,218, Oct 26, 1999
WWW Link. BibRef 9910

Miyatake, T.[Takafumi], Yoshizawa, S.[Satoshi], Ueda, H.[Hirotada],
Method for detecting change points in motion picture images,
US_Patent5,083,860, Jan 28, 1992
WWW Link. Cuts BibRef 9201

Fujita, T.[Takehiro], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi], Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Taniguchi, K.[Katsumi],
Control method for detecting change points in motion picture images and for stopping reproduction thereof and control system for monitoring picture images utilizing the same,
US_Patent5,974,219, Oct 26, 1999
WWW Link. BibRef 9910

Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi], Tanaka, K.[Kazuaki], Fujita, T.[Takehiro], Nagaya, S.[Shigeki],
Method and apparatus for detecting a point of change in a moving image,
US_Patent6,157,744, Dec 5, 2000
WWW Link. BibRef 0012
And: US_Patent6,256,419, Jul 3, 2001
WWW Link. BibRef

Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi], Fujita, T.[Takehiro], Taniguchi, K.[Katsumi], Tanaka, K.[Kazuaki],
Method and apparatus for detecting and displaying a representative image of a shot of short duration in a moving image,
US_Patent6,023,520, Feb 8, 2000
WWW Link. BibRef 0002
And: US_Patent6,341,168, Jan 22, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef

Taniguchi, K.[Katumi], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi], Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Fujita, T.[Takehiro],
Method of displaying moving object for enabling identification of its moving route, display system using the same, and program recording medium therefor,
US_Patent6,191,707, Feb 20, 2001
WWW Link. BibRef 0102

Bozdagi, G.[Gozde], Bryll, R.[Robert],
Method and system for real time feature based motion analysis for key frame selection from a video,
US_Patent6,252,975, Jun 26, 2001
WWW Link. BibRef 0106

Avrithis, Y.S.[Yannis S.], Doulamis, A.D.[Anastasios D.], Doulamis, N.D.[Nikolaos D.], Kollias, S.D.[Stefanos D.],
A Stochastic Framework for Optimal Key Frame Extraction from MPEG Video Databases,
CVIU(75), No. 1/2, July-August 1999, pp. 3-24.
DOI Link BibRef 9907
Earlier: A1, A3, A2, A4:
Efficient content representation in MPEG video databases,
CBAIVL98(91-95).
IEEE Top Reference. 0208
BibRef

Athanasiadis, T., Mylonas, P.[Phivos], Avrithis, Y.S.[Yannis S.], Kollias, S.D.[Stefanos D.],
Semantic Image Segmentation and Object Labeling,
CirSysVideo(17), No. 3, March 2007, pp. 298-312.
IEEE DOI 0703
BibRef

Girgensohn, A.[Andreas], Boreczky, J.S.[John S.], Wilcox, L.D.[Lynn D.],
Keyframe-Based User Interfaces for Digital Video,
Computer(34), No. 9, September 2001, pp. 61-67.
HTML Version. Visual interface, present the automatically extracted keyframes for navigation. 0110
BibRef

Vasudevan, V.V.[Vinod V.], Singh, G.[Gurminder], Jesudoss, M.D.[Manoranjan D.],
Creating a slide presentation from full motion video,
US_Patent6,342,904, Jan 29, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef 0201

Sugano, M.[Masaru], Nakajima, Y.[Yasuyuki], Yanagihara, H.[Hiromasa], Yoneyama, A.[Akio],
Scene change detector,
US_Patent6,473,459, Oct 29, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef 0210

Drew, M.S.[Mark S.], Au, J.[James],
Clustering of compressed illumination-invariant chromaticity signatures for efficient video summarization,
IVC(21), No. 8, August 2003, pp. 705-716.
Elsevier DOI 0307
BibRef
Earlier:
Video keyframe production by efficient clustering of compressed chromaticity signatures,
ACMMM00(365-367). BibRef

Lu, C., Drew, M.S.[Mark S.], Au, J.[James],
Classification of summarized videos using hidden Markov models on compressed chromaticity signatures,
ACMMM01(479-482). BibRef 0100

Lee, H.C.[Hun-Cheol], Kim, S.D.[Seong-Dae],
Iterative key frame selection in the rate-constraint environment,
SP:IC(18), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 1-15.
Elsevier DOI 0301
BibRef

Zhang, X.D.[Xu-Dong], Liu, T.Y.[Tie-Yan], Lo, K.T.[Kwok-Tung], Feng, J.[Jian],
Dynamic selection and effective compression of key frames for video abstraction,
PRL(24), No. 9-10, June 2003, pp. 1523-1532.
Elsevier DOI 0304
BibRef

Toklu, C.[Candemir], Liou, S.P.[Shih-Ping],
System and method for selecting key-frames of video data,
US_Patent6,549,643, Apr 15, 2003
WWW Link. BibRef 0304

Liu, T.M.[Tian-Ming], Zhang, H.J.[Hong-Jiang], Qi, F.H.[Fei-Hu],
A novel video key-frame-extraction algorithm based on perceived motion energy model,
CirSysVideo(13), No. 10, October 2003, pp. 1006-1013.
IEEE Abstract. 0310
BibRef

Pickering, M.J.[Marcus J.], Rüger, S.[Stefan],
Evaluation of key frame-based retrieval techniques for video,
CVIU(92), No. 2-3, November-December 2003, pp. 217-235.
Elsevier DOI 0311
BibRef

Liu, T.Y.[Tie-Yan], Zhang, X.D.[Xu-Dong], Feng, J.[Jian], Lo, K.T.[Kwok-Tung],
Shot reconstruction degree: a novel criterion for key frame selection,
PRL(25), No. 12, September 2004, pp. 1451-1457.
Elsevier DOI 0409
BibRef

Peker, K.A.[Kadir A.], Divakaran, A.[Ajay],
Framework for measurement of the intensity of motion activity of video segments,
JVCIR(15), No. 3, September 2004, pp. 265-284.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Motion activity; Compressed domain feature extraction; Video indexing; MPEG-7 BibRef

Divakaran, A.[Ajay], Peker, K.A.[Kadir A.], Sun, H.F.[Hui-Fang],
A Region Based Descriptor for Spatial Distribution of Motion Activity for Compressed Video,
ICIP00(Vol II: 287-290).
IEEE DOI 0008
BibRef

Divakaran, A., Radhakrishnan, R., Peker, K.A.,
Motion activity-based extraction of key-frames from video shots,
ICIP02(I: 932-935).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Aner-Wolf, A.[Aya], Kender, J.R.[John R.],
Video summaries and cross-referencing through mosaic-based representation,
CVIU(95), No. 2, August 2004, pp. 201-237.
Elsevier DOI 0409
BibRef
Earlier:
Video Summaries through Mosaic-Based Shot and Scene Clustering,
ECCV02(IV: 388 ff.).
Springer DOI 0205
Segmentation using earlier work. Hierarchical description based on physical setting and camera locations. Compare mosaics (used for physical setting). BibRef

Aner-Wolf, A., Kender, J.R.,
Beyond Key-Frames: The Physical Setting as a Video Mining Primitive,
VideoMining03(Chapter 2). BibRef 0300

Aner-Wolf, A.[Aya], Kender, J.R.[John R.],
Mosaic-Based Clustering of Scene Locations in Videos,
CBAIVL01(111).
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef

Aner-Wolf, A.,
Extracting semantic information through illumination classification,
CVPR04(I: 269-274).
IEEE DOI 0408
BibRef

Kender, J.R.[John R.], Yeo, B.L.[Boon-Lock],
Video Scene Segmentation Via Continuous Video Coherence,
CVPR98(367-373).
IEEE DOI Find cuts and shots in video. BibRef 9800

Liu, T.C.[Tie-Cheng], Kender, J.R.[John R.], Hjelsvold, R.[Rune], Pizan, A.[Arturo],
A Fast Image Segmentation Algorithm for Interactive Video Hotspot Retrieval,
CBAIVL01(3).
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef

Aner-Wolf, A., Kender, J.R.,
A Unified Memory-based Approach to Cut, Dissolve, Key Frame and Scene Analysis,
ICIP01(III: 370-373).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Liu, T.C., Kender, J.R.,
Optimization Algorithms for the Selection of Key Frame Sequences of Variable Length,
ECCV02(IV: 403 ff.).
Springer DOI 0205
BibRef

Liu, T.C.[Tie-Cheng], and Kender, J.R.[John R.],
Time-constrained Dynamic Semantic Compression for Video Indexing and Interactive Searching,
CVPR01(II:531-538).
IEEE DOI 0110
Indexing video. BibRef

Eckart, S.[Stefan], Ingrao, F.[Fabio], Webb, R.W.[Richard W.], Yang, X.H.[Xiao-Hua], Lightstone, M.[Michael],
Method and apparatus for indexing and locating key frames in streaming and variable-frame-length data,
US_Patent6,693,959, Feb 17, 2004
WWW Link. BibRef 0402

McGee, T.[Thomas], Dimitrova, N.[Nevenka],
Method and apparatus for detecting fast motion scenes,
US_Patent6,766,098, Jul 20, 2004
WWW Link. BibRef 0407
And:
Finding hidden images in video based on detected proximity of cuts,
US_Patent6,654,067, Nov 25, 2003
WWW Link. BibRef

Dimitrova, N.[Nevenka], McGee, T.[Thomas], Elenbaas, J.H.[Jan Hermanus],
Significant scene detection and frame filtering for a visual indexing system,
US_Patent6,137,544, Oct 24, 2000
WWW Link. BibRef 0010

McGee, T.[Thomas], Dimitrova, N.[Nevenka], Elenbaas, J.H.[Jan Herman],
Significant scene detection and frame filtering for a visual indexing system using dynamic thresholds,
US_Patent6,496,228, Dec 17, 2002
WWW Link. BibRef 0212
And: US_Patent7,110,047, Sep 19, 2006
WWW Link. BibRef

Liu, L., Fan, G.L.,
Combined Key-Frame Extraction and Object-Based Video Segmentation,
CirSysVideo(15), No. 7, July 2005, pp. 869-884.
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Song, X.M.[Xiao-Mu], Fan, G.L.[Guo-Liang],
Joint Key-Frame Extraction and Object Segmentation for Content-Based Video Analysis,
CirSysVideo(16), No. 7, July 2006, pp. 904-914.
IEEE DOI 0608
BibRef
Earlier:
Joint Key-Frame Extraction and Object-Based Video Segmentation,
Motion05(II: 126-131).
IEEE DOI 0502
BibRef

Song, X.M.[Xiao-Mu], Fan, G.L.[Guo-Liang],
Selecting Salient Frames for Spatiotemporal Video Modeling and Segmentation,
IP(16), No. 12, December 2007, pp. 3035-3046.
IEEE DOI 0711
BibRef

Sze, K.W., Lam, K.M., Qiu, G.,
A New Key Frame Representation for Video Segment Retrieval,
CirSysVideo(15), No. 9, September 2005, pp. 1148-1155.
IEEE DOI 0509
BibRef

Wang, H.L., Cheong, L.F.[Loong-Fah],
Affective Understanding in Film,
CirSysVideo(16), No. 6, June 2006, pp. 689-704.
IEEE DOI 0606
BibRef

Wang, H.L.[Hee Lin], Cheong, L.F.[Loong-Fah],
Taxonomy of Directing Semantics for Film Shot Classification,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 10, October 2009, pp. 1529-1542.
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef
Earlier:
Film shot classification using directing semantics,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Cheong, L.F.[Loong Fah], Wang, Y.[Yong], Wang, H.L.[Hee Lin],
Establishment shot detection using qualitative motion,
CVPR03(II: 85-90).
IEEE DOI 0307
BibRef

Ciocca, G.[Gianluigi], Schettini, R.[Raimondo],
An innovative algorithm for key frame extraction in video summarization,
RealTimeIP(1), No. 1, October 2006, pp. 69-88.
Springer DOI 0001
BibRef
Earlier: Erratum: RealTimeIP(8), No. 2, June 2013, pp. 225.
WWW Link. 1306
BibRef

Ouyang, J.Q.[Jian-Quan], Li, J.T.[Jin-Tao], Tang, H.R.[Huan-Rong],
Interactive key frame selection model,
JVCIR(17), No. 6, December 2006, pp. 1145-1163.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Key frame selection; Interactive key frame selection; Interactive computing; Coinduction BibRef

Mukherjee, D.P.[Dipti Prasad], Das, S.K.[Sitansu Kumar], Saha, S.[Subhra],
Key Frame Estimation in Video Using Randomness Measure of Feature Point Pattern,
CirSysVideo(17), No. 5, May 2007, pp. 612-620.
IEEE DOI 0705
BibRef

Lee, T.Y., Lin, C.H., Wang, Y.S., Chen, T.G.,
Animation Key-Frame Extraction and Simplification Using Deformation Analysis,
CirSysVideo(18), No. 4, April 2008, pp. 478-486.
IEEE DOI 0804
BibRef

Hwang, Y.H.[Yong-Ho], Seo, J.K.[Jung-Kak], Hong, H.K.[Hyun-Ki],
Key-Frame Selection and an LMedS-Based Approach to Structure and Motion Recovery,
IEICE(E91-D), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 114-123.
DOI Link 0801
BibRef

Aras, R.[Rifat], Basarankut, B.[Barkin], Çapin, T.[Tolga], Özgüç, B.[Bülent],
3D Hair Sketching for real-time dynamic and key frame animations,
VC(24), No. 7-9, July 2008, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0804
BibRef

Luo, J., Papin, C., Costello, K.,
Towards Extracting Semantically Meaningful Key Frames From Personal Video Clips: From Humans to Computers,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 289-301.
IEEE DOI 0902
BibRef

Panagiotakis, C., Doulamis, A.D., Tziritas, G.,
Equivalent Key Frames Selection Based on Iso-Content Principles,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 3, March 2009, pp. 447-451.
IEEE DOI 0903
BibRef

Vázquez, P.P.[Pere-Pau],
itleAutomatic view selection through depth-based view stability analysis,
VC(25), No. 5-7, May 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0905
BibRef

Vázquez, P.P., Sbert, M.,
Automatic Keyframe Selection for High-Quality Image-Based Walkthrough Animation Using Viewpoint Entropy,
WSCG02(461).
HTML Version. 0209
BibRef

Vázquez, P.P., Feixas, M., Sbert, M., Heidrich, W.,
Viewpoint Selection Using Viewpoint Entropy,
VMV01(xx-yy).
PDF File. 0209
BibRef

Zhao, W.L.[Wan-Lei], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah], Tan, H.K.[Hung-Khoon], Wu, X.[Xiao],
Near-Duplicate Keyframe Identification With Interest Point Matching and Pattern Learning,
MultMed(9), No. 5, August 2007, pp. 1037-1048.
IEEE DOI 0905
BibRef

Zhao, W.L.[Wan-Lei], Wu, X.[Xiao], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah],
On the Annotation of Web Videos by Efficient Near-Duplicate Search,
MultMed(12), No. 5, 2010, pp. 448-461.
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Jiang, Y.G.[Yu-Gang], Dai, Q., Wang, J.[Jun], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah], Xue, X., Chang, S.F.[Shih-Fu],
Fast Semantic Diffusion for Large-Scale Context-Based Image and Video Annotation,
IP(21), No. 6, June 2012, pp. 3080-3091.
IEEE DOI 1202
BibRef

Jiang, Y.G.[Yu-Gang], Wang, J.[Jun], Chang, S.F.[Shih-Fu], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah],
Domain adaptive semantic diffusion for large scale context-based video annotation,
ICCV09(1420-1427).
IEEE DOI 0909
BibRef

Wu, X.[Xiao], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah], Hauptmann, A.G., Tan, H.K.[Hung-Khoon],
Real-Time Near-Duplicate Elimination for Web Video Search With Content and Context,
MultMed(11), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 196-207.
IEEE DOI 0905
BibRef

Heritier, M.[Maguelonne], Gagnon, L.[Langis], Foucher, S.[Samuel],
Places Clustering of Full-Length Film Key-Frames Using Latent Aspect Modeling Over SIFT Matches,
CirSysVideo(19), No. 6, June 2009, pp. 832-841.
IEEE DOI 0906
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Key-Places Detection and Clustering in Movies Using Latent Aspects,
ICIP07(II: 225-228).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Jiang, Y.G.[Yu-Gang], Yang, J., Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah], Hauptmann, A.G.,
Representations of Keypoint-Based Semantic Concept Detection: A Comprehensive Study,
MultMed(12), No. 1, January 2010, pp. 42-53.
IEEE DOI 1001
BibRef

Zhao, W.L.[Wan-Lei], Jiang, Y.G.[Yu-Gang], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah],
Keyframe Retrieval by Keypoints: Can Point-to-Point Matching Help?,
CIVR06(72-81).
Springer DOI 0607
BibRef

Usach-Molina, P., Sastre, J., Naranjo, V., Vergara, L., Munoz, J.M.L.,
Content-Based Dynamic Threshold Method for Real-Time Keyframe Selecting,
CirSysVideo(20), No. 7, July 2010, pp. 982-993.
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Chao, G.C., Tsai, Y.P., Jeng, S.K.,
Augmented 3-D Keyframe Extraction for Surveillance Videos,
CirSysVideo(20), No. 11, November 2010, pp. 1395-1408.
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Chao, G.C.[Gwo-Cheng], Tsai, Y.P.[Yu-Pao], Jeng, S.K.[Shyh-Kang],
Augmented keyframe,
JVCIR(21), No. 7, October 2010, pp. 682-692.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Keyframe; Video abstraction; Video summarization; Surveillance video; Object tracking; Content extraction; Content synthesis; Motion analysis BibRef

Peng, J.[Jiang], Qin, X.L.[Xiao-Lin],
Keyframe-Based Video Summary Using Visual Attention Clues,
MultMedMag(17), No. 2, April-June 2010, pp. 64-73.
IEEE DOI 1006
BibRef

Omidyeganeh, M., Ghaemmaghami, S., Shirmohammadi, S.,
Video Keyframe Analysis Using a Segment-Based Statistical Metric in a Visually Sensitive Parametric Space,
IP(20), No. 10, October 2011, pp. 2730-2737.
IEEE DOI 1110
BibRef

Cheng, X., Chia, L.T.,
Stratification-Based Keyframe Cliques for Effective and Efficient Video Representation,
MultMed(13), No. 6, 2011, pp. 1333-1342.
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Ejaz, N.[Naveed], Tariq, T.B.[Tayyab Bin], Baik, S.W.[Sung Wook],
Adaptive key frame extraction for video summarization using an aggregation mechanism,
JVCIR(23), No. 7, October 2012, pp. 1031-1040.
Elsevier DOI 1209
Key frame extraction; Video summarization; Video abstraction; Static video summary; Storyboard; Video analysis; Evaluation of video summary; Feature aggregation BibRef

Lai, J.L.[Jie-Ling], Yi, Y.[Yang],
Key frame extraction based on visual attention model,
JVCIR(23), No. 1, January 2012, pp. 114-125.
Elsevier DOI 1112
Video summarization; Key frame extraction; Visual attention model; Human perception; Fusion scheme; Saliency map; Attention curve; Frame clustering BibRef

Wang, M., Hong, R., Li, G., Zha, Z.J., Yan, S., Chua, T.S.,
Event Driven Web Video Summarization by Tag Localization and Key-Shot Identification,
MultMed(14), No. 4, 2012, pp. 975-985.
IEEE DOI 1208
BibRef

Lu, G.L.[Guo-Liang], Kudo, M.[Mineichi], Toyama, J.[Jun],
Selection of Characteristic Frames in Video for Efficient Action Recognition,
IEICE(E95-D), No. 10, October 2012, pp. 2514-2521.
WWW Link. 1210
BibRef

Lu, G.L.[Guo-Liang], Kudo, M.[Mineichi],
Self-Similarities in Difference Images: A New Cue for Single-Person Oriented Action Recognition,
IEICE(E96-D), No. 5, May 2013, pp. 1238-1242.
WWW Link. 1305
BibRef

Ji, Q.G.[Qing-Ge], Fang, Z.D.[Zhi-Dang], Xie, Z.H.[Zhen-Hua], Lu, Z.M.[Zhe-Ming],
Video abstraction based on the visual attention model and online clustering,
SP:IC(28), No. 3, March 2013, pp. 241-253.
Elsevier DOI 1303
Video abstraction; Saliency map; Key frame; Region of interest; Online clustering BibRef

Ji, Q.G.[Qing-Ge], Tan, Z.F.[Zhi-Feng], Lu, Z.M.[Zhe-Ming], Zhang, Y.[Yong],
An Improved Video Identification Scheme Based on Video Tomography,
IEICE(E97-D), No. 4, April 2014, pp. 919-927.
WWW Link. 1404
BibRef

Kuanar, S.K.[Sanjay K.], Panda, R.[Rameswar], Chowdhury, A.S.[Ananda S.],
Video key frame extraction through dynamic Delaunay clustering with a structural constraint,
JVCIR(24), No. 7, 2013, pp. 1212-1227.
Elsevier DOI 1309
Video summarization BibRef

Ejaz, N.[Naveed], Mehmood, I.[Irfan], Baik, S.W.[Sung Wook],
Efficient visual attention based framework for extracting key frames from videos,
SP:IC(28), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 34-44.
Elsevier DOI 1301
Video summarization; Key frame extraction; Visual attention model; Visual saliency BibRef

Ahmad, J.[Jamil], Mehmood, I.[Irfan], Baik, S.W.[Sung Wook],
Efficient object-based surveillance image search using spatial pooling of convolutional features,
JVCIR(45), No. 1, 2017, pp. 62-76.
Elsevier DOI 1704
Surveillance image search BibRef

Ahmad, J.[Jamil], Sajjad, M.[Muhammad], Mehmood, I.[Irfan], Rho, S.[Seungmin], Baik, S.W.[Sung Wook],
Saliency-weighted graphs for efficient visual content description and their applications in real-time image retrieval systems,
RealTimeIP(13), No. 3, September 2017, pp. 431-447.
Springer DOI 1710
BibRef

Vázquez-Martín, R.[Ricardo], Bandera, A.[Antonio],
Spatio-temporal feature-based keyframe detection from video shots using spectral clustering,
PRL(34), No. 7, 1 May 2013, pp. 770-779.
Elsevier DOI 1303
keyframe detection; Spectral clustering; Similarity measure BibRef

Liu, L.[Li], Shao, L.[Ling], Rockett, P.[Peter],
Boosted key-frame selection and correlated pyramidal motion-feature representation for human action recognition,
PR(46), No. 7, July 2013, pp. 1810-1818.
Elsevier DOI 1303
Action recognition; Pyramidal motion features; Boosted key-frame selection; Correlograms BibRef

Guan, G., Wang, Z., Lu, S., Deng, J.D., Feng, D.D.,
Keypoint-Based Keyframe Selection,
CirSysVideo(23), No. 4, April 2013, pp. 729-734.
IEEE DOI 1304
BibRef

Zhu, X.B.[Xiao-Bin], Liu, J.[Jing], Wang, J.Q.[Jin-Qiao], Lu, H.Q.[Han-Qing],
Key observation selection-based effective video synopsis for camera network,
MVA(25), No. 1, January 2014, pp. 145-157.
WWW Link. 1412
BibRef
Earlier:
Key observation selection for effective video synopsis,
ICPR12(2528-2531).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Dang, C.T., Radha, H.,
Heterogeneity Image Patch Index and Its Application to Consumer Video Summarization,
IP(23), No. 6, June 2014, pp. 2704-2718.
IEEE DOI 1406
Cameras BibRef

Dang, C.T., Kumar, M., Radha, H.,
Key frame extraction from consumer videos using epitome,
ICIP12(93-96).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Kumar, M.[Mrityunjay], Loui, A.C.[Alexander C.],
Key frame extraction from consumer videos using sparse representation,
ICIP11(2437-2440).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Dang, C.[Chinh], Radha, H.,
RPCA-KFE: Key Frame Extraction for Video Using Robust Principal Component Analysis,
IP(24), No. 11, November 2015, pp. 3742-3753.
IEEE DOI 1509
concave programming BibRef

Ferreira, L.[Lino], da Silva Cruz, L.A.[Luis A.], Assuncao, P.[Pedro],
A generic framework for optimal 2D/3D key-frame extraction driven by aggregated saliency maps,
SP:IC(39, Part A), No. 1, 2015, pp. 98-110.
Elsevier DOI 1512
3D key-frames BibRef

Ferreira, L.[Lino], Assuncao, P.[Pedro], da Silva Cruz, L.A.[Luis A.],
3D key-frame extraction method based on visual saliency,
IC3D16(1-7)
IEEE DOI 1703
dynamic programming BibRef

Wang, Y.X.[Yong-Xiong], Sun, S.X.[Shu-Xin], Ding, X.M.[Xue-Ming],
A self-adaptive weighted affinity propagation clustering for key frames extraction on human action recognition,
JVCIR(33), No. 1, 2015, pp. 193-202.
Elsevier DOI 1512
Key frames extraction BibRef

Ioannidis, A.I.[Antonis I.], Chasanis, V.T.[Vasileios T.], Likas, A.C.[Aristidis C.],
Weighted multi-view key-frame extraction,
PRL(72), No. 1, 2016, pp. 52-61.
Elsevier DOI 1604
BibRef
Earlier:
Key-Frame Extraction Using Weighted Multi-view Convex Mixture Models and Spectral Clustering,
ICPR14(3463-3468)
IEEE DOI 1412
Key-frame extraction. Clustering algorithms BibRef

Fei, M., Jiang, W., Mao, W., Song, Z.,
New fusional framework combining sparse selection and clustering for key frame extraction,
IET-CV(10), No. 4, 2016, pp. 280-287.
DOI Link 1608
indexing BibRef

Ju, J.[Jaeyong], Song, T.[Taeyup], Ku, B.[Bonhwa], Ko, H.S.[Han-Seok],
Key Frame Extraction Based on Chaos Theory and Color Information for Video Summarization,
IEICE(E99-D), No. 6, June 2016, pp. 1698-1701.
WWW Link. 1606
BibRef

Meng, J.J.[Jing-Jing], Wang, S.[Suchen], Wang, H.X.[Hong-Xing], Yuan, J.S.[Jun-Song], Tan, Y.P.[Yap-Peng],
Video Summarization Via Multiview Representative Selection,
IP(27), No. 5, May 2018, pp. 2134-2145.
IEEE DOI 1804
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, A5, A4: CEFR-LCV17(1189-1198)
IEEE DOI 1802
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A4, A5, Only:
From Keyframes to Key Objects: Video Summarization by Representative Object Proposal Selection,
CVPR16(1039-1048)
IEEE DOI 1612
Benchmark testing, Dictionaries, Linear programming, Optimization, Sparse matrices, Visualization BibRef

Li, X., Zhao, B., Lu, X.,
Key Frame Extraction in the Summary Space,
Cyber(48), No. 6, June 2018, pp. 1923-1934.
IEEE DOI 1805
Clustering algorithms, Data mining, Dictionaries, Dynamics, Feature extraction, Histograms, Redundancy, Diverse, key frame, summary space BibRef

Schmuck, P., Chli, M.,
On the Redundancy Detection in Keyframe-Based SLAM,
3DV19(594-603)
IEEE DOI 1806
Simultaneous localization and mapping, Redundancy, Collaboration, Visualization, Optimization, SLAM, Graph Compression BibRef

Chen, M.J.[Ming-Ju], Han, X.F.[Xiao-Feng], Zhang, H.[Hua], Lin, G.J.[Guo-Jun], Kamruzzaman, M.M.,
Quality-guided key frames selection from video stream based on object detection,
JVCIR(65), 2019, pp. 102678.
Elsevier DOI 1912
Convolutional neural network, Key frame, Object detection, SIFT characteristics, Quality assessment model BibRef

Ponni, S.[Sethuraman], Ramakrishnan, S.[Srinivasan],
Non-redundant frame identification and keyframe selection in DWT-PCA domain for authentication of video,
IET-IPR(14), No. 2, February 2020, pp. 366-375.
DOI Link 2001
alias Sathya. BibRef

Singh, Y.[Yadwinder], Kaur, L.[Lakhwinder],
Effective key-frame extraction approach using TSTBTC-BBA,
IET-IPR(14), No. 4, 27 March 2020, pp. 638-647.
DOI Link 2003
BibRef

E Elahi, G.M.M.[G. M. Mashrur], Yang, Y.H.[Yee-Hong],
Online learnable keyframe extraction in videos and its application with semantic word vector in action recognition,
PR(122), 2022, pp. 108273.
Elsevier DOI 2112
Online keyframes, Learnable threshold, Video summarization, Action recognition BibRef

Wu, Z.X.[Zu-Xuan], Li, H.D.[Heng-Duo], Xiong, C.M.[Cai-Ming], Jiang, Y.G.[Yu-Gang], Davis, L.S.[Larry S.],
A Dynamic Frame Selection Framework for Fast Video Recognition,
PAMI(44), No. 4, April 2022, pp. 1699-1711.
IEEE DOI 2203
Computational modeling, Video sequences, Computational efficiency, Standards, Video classification, reinforcement learning BibRef

Wu, Z.X.[Zu-Xuan], Xiong, C.M.[Cai-Ming], Ma, C.Y.[Chih-Yao], Socher, R.[Richard], Davis, L.S.[Larry S.],
AdaFrame: Adaptive Frame Selection for Fast Video Recognition,
CVPR19(1278-1287).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Dong, W.K.[Wen-Kai], Zhang, Z.X.[Zhao-Xiang], Song, C.F.[Chun-Feng], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu],
Identifying the key frames: An attention-aware sampling method for action recognition,
PR(130), 2022, pp. 108797.
Elsevier DOI 2206
Action recognition, Deep learning, Reinforcement learning, Pseudo labels BibRef

Liu, J.X.[Ji-Xin], Li, Y.C.[Yi-Cong], Han, G.[Guang], Sun, N.[Ning],
Visual video evaluation association modeling based on chaotic pseudo-random multi-layer compressed sensing for visual privacy-protected keyframe extraction,
JVCIR(90), 2023, pp. 103691.
Elsevier DOI 2301
Multi-layer VPP coding, Visual evaluation algorithm, Keyframe extraction, Association model BibRef

Pan, H.[Hao], Tian, Q.H.[Qiu-Hong], Li, S.[Saiwei], Miao, W.[Weilun],
Action recognition method based on lightweight network and rough-fine keyframe extraction,
JVCIR(97), 2023, pp. 103959.
Elsevier DOI 2312
Keyframe extract, Action recognition, 3DCNN, Attention mechanism BibRef


Lin, J.T.[Jin-Tao], Duan, H.D.[Hao-Dong], Chen, K.[Kai], Lin, D.[Dahua], Wang, L.M.[Li-Min],
OCSampler: Compressing Videos to One Clip with Single-step Sampling,
CVPR22(13884-13893)
IEEE DOI 2210
Semantics, Graphics processing units, Benchmark testing, Throughput, Sampling methods, Pattern recognition, retrieval BibRef

Rüfenacht, D.[Dominic],
Keyframe Insights into Real-Time Video Tagging of Compressed UHD Content,
CIAP22(III:147-157).
Springer DOI 2205
BibRef

Qiu, Z.F.[Zhao-Fan], Yao, T.[Ting], Shu, Y.[Yan], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah], Mei, T.[Tao],
Condensing a Sequence to One Informative Frame for Video Recognition,
ICCV21(16291-16300)
IEEE DOI 2203
Visualization, Image recognition, Motion estimation, Video sequences, Media, Video analysis and understanding BibRef

Ma, Y.J.[Yong-Juan], Wang, Y.[Yu], Zhu, P.F.[Peng-Fei], Pan, J.W.[Jun-Wen], Shi, H.[Hong],
Get to the Point: Content Classification of Animated Graphics Interchange Formats with Key-Frame Attention,
ICIP21(409-413)
IEEE DOI 2201
Graphics, Training, Entropy, Image sequences, Task analysis, Content classification, animated GIFS, Web GF dataset, entropy loss BibRef

Zia, N.U.[Noor Ul_Sehr], Kayhan, O.S.[Osman Semih], van Gemert, J.C.[Jan C.],
PUNet: Temporal Action Proposal Generation With Positive Unlabeled Learning Using Key Frame Annotations,
ICIP21(2598-2602)
IEEE DOI 2201
Training, Deep learning, Uncertainty, Annotations, Image processing, Proposals, Proposal Generation, Action Localization, Positive-Unlabeled Learning BibRef

Kayhan, O.S.[Osman Semih], Vredebregt, B.[Bart], van Gemert, J.C.[Jan C.],
Hallucination In Object Detection: A Study In Visual Part Verification,
ICIP21(2234-2238)
IEEE DOI 2201
Visualization, Image processing, Detectors, Object detection, Task analysis, Visual part verification, object detection BibRef

Chen, Y., Yan, L., Lin, X.,
An Automatic Key-frame Selection Method for Visual Odometry Based On The Improved PWC-Net,
ISPRS20(B2:567-573).
DOI Link 2012
BibRef

Sheng, L., Xu, D., Ouyang, W., Wang, X.,
Unsupervised Collaborative Learning of Keyframe Detection and Visual Odometry Towards Monocular Deep SLAM,
ICCV19(4301-4310)
IEEE DOI 2004
cameras, distance measurement, optimisation, pose estimation, SLAM (robots), unsupervised learning, video signal processing, Optimization BibRef

Haarbach, A., Birdal, T., Ilic, S.,
Survey of Higher Order Rigid Body Motion Interpolation Methods for Keyframe Animation and Continuous-Time Trajectory Estimation,
3DV18(381-389)
IEEE DOI 1812
computer animation, interpolation, Lie algebras, pose estimation, splines (mathematics), dual quaternions BibRef

Zhu, Y., Yu, G., Yuan, J., Ma, K.,
Selecting Informative Frames for Action Recognition with Partial Observations,
ICIP18(465-469)
IEEE DOI 1809
Streaming media, Optical imaging, Network architecture, Face recognition, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Training, two-stream convolutional networks BibRef

Li, Y., Kanemura, A., Asoh, H., Miyanishi, T., Kawanabe, M.,
Extracting key frames from first-person videos in the common space of multiple sensors,
ICIP17(3993-3997)
IEEE DOI 1803
Entropy, Feature extraction, Optimization, Sensors, Sparse matrices, Videos, Visualization, Video summarization, sparse estimation BibRef

Valognes, J., Amer, M.A., Dastjerdi, N.S.,
Effective keyframe extraction from RGB and RGB-D video sequences,
IPTA17(1-5)
IEEE DOI 1804
feature extraction, image colour analysis, image motion analysis, image sequences, video signal processing, Euclidean distance, MSE, keyframe extraction BibRef

Mizher, M.A.A.[Manar Abduljabbar Ahmad], Ang, M.C.[Mei Choo], Abdullah, S.N.H.S.[Siti Norul Huda Sheikh], Ng, K.W.[Kok Weng],
Action Key Frames Extraction Using L1-Norm and Accumulative Optical Flow for Compact Video Shot Summarisation,
IVIC17(364-375).
Springer DOI 1711
BibRef

Kulhare, S., Sah, S., Pillai, S., Ptucha, R.,
Key frame extraction for salient activity recognition,
ICPR16(835-840)
IEEE DOI 1705
Activity recognition, Feature extraction, Image color analysis, Machine learning, Optical imaging, Streaming, media BibRef

Gharbi, H.[Hana], Massaoudi, M.[Mohamed], Bahroun, S.[Sahbi], Zagrouba, E.[Ezzeddine],
Key Frames Extraction Based on Local Features for Efficient Video Summarization,
ACIVS16(275-285).
Springer DOI 1611
BibRef

Chakraborty, S.[Shayok], Tickoo, O.[Omesh], Iyer, R.[Ravi],
Adaptive Keyframe Selection for Video Summarization,
WACV15(702-709)
IEEE DOI 1503
Cameras BibRef

Gan, C.[Chuang], Wang, N.[Naiyan], Yang, Y.[Yi], Yeung, D.Y.[Dit-Yan], Hauptmann, A.G.[Alexander G.],
DevNet: A Deep Event Network for multimedia event detection and evidence recounting,
CVPR15(2568-2577)
IEEE DOI 1510
BibRef

Mei, S.H.[Shao-Hui], Guan, G.[Genliang], Wang, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yong], He, M.Y.[Ming-Yi], Wan, S.[Shuai], Feng, D.D.[David Dagan],
Iterative keyframe selection by orthogonal subspace projection,
ICIP14(2874-2878)
IEEE DOI 1502
Clustering algorithms BibRef

Kapoor, A., Biswas, K.K., Hanmandlu, M.,
Fuzzy video summarization using key frame extraction,
NCVPRIPG13(1-5)
IEEE DOI 1408
data compression BibRef

Sentinelli, A.[Alexandro], Celetto, L.[Luca],
Live Key Frame Extraction in User Generated Content Scenarios for Embedded Mobile Platforms,
MMMod14(I: 291-302).
Springer DOI 1405
BibRef

Panagiotakis, C.[Costas], Fragopoulou, P.[Paraskevi],
Voting Clustering and Key Points Selection,
CAIP13(441-448).
Springer DOI 1308
BibRef

Xu, Q.[Qing], Li, X.[Xiu], Yang, Z.[Zhen], Wang, J.[Jie], Sbert, M.[Mateu], Li, J.[Jianfu],
Key frame selection based on Jensen-Rényi divergence,
ICPR12(1892-1895).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yue], Hou, Z.[Zujun], Chang, R.[Richard], Chua, T.W.[Teck Wee],
Near-Duplicate keyframe identification based on color and affine invariant features,
ICIP12(2361-2364).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Girgensohn, A.[Andreas], Shipman, F.[Frank], Wilcox, L.D.[Lynn D.],
Adaptive clustering and interactive visualizations to support the selection of video clips,
ICMR11(34).
DOI Link 1301
extract a still from the video or a short clip BibRef

Ventura, C.[Carles], Martos, M.[Manel], Giró-i-Nieto, X.[Xavier], Vilaplana, V.[Verónica], Marqués, F.[Ferran],
Hierarchical Navigation and Visual Search for Video Keyframe Retrieval,
MMMod12(652-654).
Springer DOI 1201
BibRef

Taschwer, M.[Mario],
A Key-Frame-Oriented Video Browser,
MMMod12(655-657).
Springer DOI 1201
BibRef

Li, P.[Ping], Guo, Y.[Yanwen], Sun, H.Q.[Han-Qiu],
Multi-keyframe abstraction from videos,
ICIP11(2473-2476).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Padmakala, S., Anandha Mala, G.S., Shalini, M.,
An effective content based video retrieval utilizing texture, color and optimal key frame features,
ICIIP11(1-6).
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Zhao, Y.B.[Yi-Biao], Duan, Y.B.[Yan-Biao], Nie, X.H.[Xiao-Han], Huang, Y.P.[Ya-Ping], Luo, S.W.[Si-Wei],
Experts-Shift: Learning active spatial classification experts for keyframe-based video segmentation,
WMVC11(622-627).
IEEE DOI 1101
BibRef

Cirakman, O.[Ozgun], Gunsel, B.[Bilge], Sengor, N.S.[N.Serap], Gursoy, O.[Ozan],
Key-frame based video fingerprinting by NMF,
ICIP10(2373-2376).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Wu, X.[Xiao], Zhao, W.L.[Wan-Lei], Ngo, C.W.[Chong-Wah],
Near-duplicate keyframe retrieval with visual keywords and semantic context,
CIVR07(162-169).
DOI Link 0707
BibRef

Zheng, Y.T.[Yan-Tao], Neo, S.Y.[Shi-Yong], Chua, T.S.[Tat-Seng], Tian, Q.[Qi],
The use of temporal, semantic and visual partitioning model for efficient near-duplicate keyframe detection in large scale news corpus,
CIVR07(409-416).
DOI Link 0707
BibRef

Alaoui, E.M.I.[E.M. Ismaili], Mendez, A., Ibn-Elhaj, E., Garcia, B.,
Keyframes detection and analysis in vocal folds recordings using hierarchical motion techniques and texture information,
ICIP09(653-656).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Browne, P., Smeaton, A.F.,
Video Retrieval Using Dialogue, Keyframe Similarity and Video Objects,
ICIP05(III: 1208-1211).
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef

Zhao, Z.P.[Zhi-Peng], Elgammal, A.M.[Ahmed M.],
Information Theoretic Key Frame Selection for Action Recognition,
BMVC08(xx-yy).
PDF File. 0809
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Onder, O.[Onur], Gudukbay, U.[Ugur], Ozguc, B.[Bulent], Erdem, A.T.[A. Tanju], Erdem, C.E.[Cigdem E.], Ozkan, M.K.[Mehmet K.],
Keyframe Reduction Techniques for Motion Capture Data,
3DTV08(293-296).
IEEE DOI 0805
BibRef

Jun, J.B.[Jae-Bum], Lee, S.Y.[Sun-Young], He, Z.M.[Zan-Ming], Lee, M.J.[Myung-Jung], Jang, E.S.[Euee S.],
Adaptive Key Frame Selection for Efficient Video Coding,
PSIVT07(853-866).
Springer DOI 0712
BibRef

Repko, J., Pollefeys, M.,
3D models from extended uncalibrated video sequences: Addressing key-frame selection and projective drift,
3DIM05(150-157).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Stich, T., Magnor, M.,
Keyframe Animation from Video,
ICIP06(2713-2716).
IEEE DOI 0610
BibRef

Ghosh, N., Bhanu, B.,
A Psychological Adaptive Model For Video Analysis,
ICPR06(IV: 346-349).
IEEE DOI 0609
Extract key frames, how many are enough. BibRef

Cuntoor, N.P.[Naresh P.], Chellappa, R.[Rama],
Key Frame-Based Activity Representation Using Antieigenvalues,
ACCV06(II:499-508).
Springer DOI 0601
BibRef

Fauvet, B.[Brigitte], Bouthemy, P.[Patrick], Gros, P.[Patrick], Spindler, F.[Fabien],
A Geometrical Key-Frame Selection Method Exploiting Dominant Motion Estimation in Video,
CIVR04(419-427).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Thormählen, T.[Thorsten], Broszio, H.[Hellward], Weissenfeld, A.[Axel],
Keyframe Selection for Camera Motion and Structure Estimation from Multiple Views,
ECCV04(Vol I: 523-535).
Springer DOI 0405
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Loy, G., Sullivan, J., Carlsson, S.,
Pose-based clustering in action sequences,
HLK03(66-72).
IEEE Abstract. 0402
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Erol, B., Hull, J.J., Graham, J., Lee, D.S.[Dar-Shyang],
Prescient Paper: Multimedia Document Creation with Document Image Matching,
ICPR04(II: 675-678).
IEEE DOI 0409
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Hull, J.J., Erol, B., Graham, J., Lee, D.S.[Dar-Shyang],
Visualizing multimedia content on paper documents: components of key frame selection for video paper,
ICDAR03(389-392).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Taskiran, C.M.[Cuneyt M.], Pollak, I.[Ilya], Bouman, C.A.[Charles A.], Delp, E.J.[Edward J.],
Stochastic Models of Video Structure for Program Genre Detection,
VLBV03(84-92).
Springer DOI 0310
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Dalal, N., Horaud, R.,
Indexing key positions between multiple videos,
Motion02(65-71).
IEEE DOI 0303
BibRef

Amer, A., Dubois, E., Mitiche, A.,
Context-independent real-time event recognition: application to key-image extraction,
ICPR02(II: 945-948).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Lee, H.C.[Hun-Cheol], Kim, S.D.[Seong-Dae],
Rate-constrained key frame selection using iteration,
ICIP02(I: 928-931).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Pickering, M.J.[Marcus J.], Rüger, S.M.[Stefan M.], Sinclair, D.[David],
Video Retrieval by Feature Learning in Key Frames,
CIVR02(309-317).
Springer DOI 0208
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Sánchez, J.M.[Juan M.], Binefa, X.[Xavier],
Color Normalization for Appearance Based Recognition of Video Key-frames,
ICPR00(Vol I: 815-818).
IEEE DOI 0009
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Ouaret, M.[Mourad], DuFaux, F.[Frederic], Ebrahimi, T.[Touradj],
Fusion-based multiview distributed video coding,
VSSN06(139-144).
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DuFaux, F.[Frédéric],
Key Frame Selection to Represent a Video,
ICIP00(Vol II: 275-278).
IEEE DOI 0008
BibRef

Campisi, P.[Patrizio], Neri, A.[Alessandro],
Synthetic Summaries of Video Sequences Using a Multiresolution Based Key Frame Selection Technique in a Perceptually Uniform Color Space,
ICIP00(Vol II: 299-302).
IEEE DOI 0008
BibRef

Kang, E.K.[Eung Kwan], Kim, S.J.[Sung Joo], Choi, J.S.[Jong Soo],
Video Retrieval based on Key Frame Extraction in Compressed Domain,
ICIP99(III:260-264).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9900

Eren, P.E.[P. Erhan], Tekalp, A.M.[A. Murat],
Keyframe-based Bi-Directional 2-D Mesh Representation for Video Object Tracking and Manipulation,
ICIP99(II:968-972).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9900

Zhuang, Y.T.[Yue-Ting], Rui, Y.[Yong], Huang, T.S., Mehrotra, S.,
Adaptive key frame extraction using unsupervised clustering,
ICIP98(I: 866-870).
IEEE DOI 9810
BibRef

Gresle, P.O.[Philippe O.], Huang, T.S.[Thomas S.],
Gisting of Video Documents: A Key Frames Selection Algorithm Using Relative Activity Measure,
Visual97(xx). BibRef 9700

Mitsunaga, T., Yokoyama, T., Totsuka, T.,
Key extraction by image differentiation,
ICIP95(II: 248-251).
IEEE DOI 9510
BibRef

Chapter on Implementations and Applications, Databases, QBIC, Video Analysis, Hardware and Software, Inspection continues in
Video Analysis -- Captions, Text, Video Text .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19