22.5.2 Biometrics, Cross-Modal, Multi-Modal Systems, Multibiometrics, Combined Face and Other Features, Fusion

Duc, B., Bigun, E.S., Bigün, J., Maitre, G., Fischer, S.,
Fusion of Audio and Video Information for Multi Modal Person Authentication,
PRL(18), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 835-843. 9801
BibRef

Kittler, J.V., Matas, J.G., Jonsson, K., Sanchez, M.U.R.,
Combining Evidence in Personal Identity Verification Systems,
PRL(18), No. 9, September 1997, pp. 845-852. 9801
BibRef

Hong, L.[Lin], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Integrating Faces and Fingerprints for Personal Identification,
PAMI(20), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 1295-1307.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9812

Jain, A.K., Hong, L., Kulkarni, Y.,
A Multimodal Biometric System Using Fingerprint, Face and Speech,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Jain, A.K.[Anil K.], Hong, L.[Lin], Kulkarni, Y.[Yatin],
F2ID: A Personal Identification System Using Faces and Fingerprints,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1373-1375).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Chatzis, V., Borse, A.G., Pitas, I.,
Multimodal Decision-Level Fusion for Person Authentication,
SMC-A(29), No. 6, November 1999, pp. 674.
IEEE Top Reference. BibRef 9911

Ben-Yacoub, S.[Souheil], Abdeljaoued, Y., Mayoraz, E.,
Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification,
TNN(10), No. 5, May 1999, pp. 1065-1074. BibRef 9905

Ben-Yacoub, S.[Souheil], Luettin, J.[Juergen], Jonsson, K.[Kenneth], Matas, J.G.[Jiri G.], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.],
Audio-Visual Person Verification,
CVPR99(I: 580-585).
IEEE DOI Multi-modal, both sound and image. BibRef 9900

Ben-Yacoub, S.,
Multi-Modal Data Fusion for Person Authentication Using SVM,
AVBPA99(xx-yy). BibRef 9900

Frischholz, R.W.[Robert W.], Dieckmann, U.[Ulrich],
BioID: A Multimodal Biometric Identification System,
Computer(21), No. 2, February 2000, pp. 64-68. 0002
Face, voice, lip movement. From Dialog Communication Systems AG. BibRef

Sanderson, C.[Conrad], Paliwal, K.K.[Kuldip K.],
Noise compensation in a person verification system using face and multiple speech features,
PR(36), No. 2, February 2003, pp. 293-302.
Elsevier DOI 0211

See also Features for robust face-based identity verification. BibRef

Sanderson, C.[Conrad], Paliwal, K.K.[Kuldip K.],
Fast features for face authentication under illumination direction changes,
PRL(24), No. 14, October 2003, pp. 2409-2419.
Elsevier DOI 0307
BibRef
Earlier:
Likelihood normalization for face authentication in variable recording conditions,
ICIP02(I: 301-304).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Chang, K.I.[Kyong I.], Bowyer, K.W.[Kevin W.], Sarkar, S.[Sudeep], Victor, B.[Barnabas],
Comparison and combination of ear and face images in appearance-based biometrics,
PAMI(25), No. 9, September 2003, pp. 1160-1165.
IEEE Abstract. 0309
Previous work with PCA approach showed worse results for ear biometrics. New result shows minor differences. Using both results in a larger improvement (from approx 70% to 90%). (
See also Ear Biometrics.
See also Force Field Energy Functionals for Image Feature Extraction. ). BibRef

Victor, B., Bowyer, K.W., Sarkar, S.,
An evaluation of face and ear biometrics,
ICPR02(I: 429-432).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Ribaric, S., Ribaric, D., Pavesic, N.,
Multimodal biometric user-identification system for network-based applications,
VISP(150), No. 6, December 2003, pp. 409-416.
IEEE Abstract. 0402
BibRef

Ross, A.A.[Arun A.], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Information Fusion in Biometrics,
PRL(24), No. 13, September 2003, pp. 2115-2125.
Elsevier DOI 0307
Fusion. BibRef
Earlier: Add A3: Qian, J.Z.[Jian-Zhong], AVBPA01(354).
Springer DOI 0310
BibRef

Jain, A.K.[Anil K.], Nandakumar, K.[Karthik], Ross, A.A.[Arun A.],
Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems,
PR(38), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 2270-2285.
Elsevier DOI Award, Pattern Recognition. 0510
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
Fusion in Multibiometric Identification Systems: What about the Missing Data?,
ICB09(743-752).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Ding, Y.H.[Yao-Hui], Ross, A.A.[Arun A.],
A comparison of imputation methods for handling missing scores in biometric fusion,
PR(45), No. 3, March 2012, pp. 919-933.
Elsevier DOI 1111
Missing data; Imputation; Multibiometric fusion BibRef

Toh, K.A.[Kar-Ann], Yau, W.Y.[Wei-Yun], Jiang, X.D.[Xu-Dong],
A Reduced Multivariate Polynomial Model for Multimodal Biometrics and Classifiers Fusion,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 2, February 2004, pp. 224-233.
IEEE Abstract. 0403
Fusion, Biometrics. BibRef
And: A1, A3, A2:
A Hyperbolic Function Model for Multiple Biometrics Decision Fusion,
ICBA04(655-662).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Toh, K.A.[Kar-Ann], Yau, W.Y.[Wei-Yun], Lim, E.[Eyung], Chen, L.[Lawrence], Ng, C.H.[Chin-Hon],
Fusion of Auxiliary Information for Multi-modal Biometrics Authentication,
ICBA04(678-685).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Fierrez-Aguilar, J.[Julian], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J.[Joaquin], Bigun, J.[Josef],
Discriminative multimodal biometric authentication based on quality measures,
PR(38), No. 5, May 2005, pp. 777-779.
Elsevier DOI 0501
BibRef
Earlier: A4, A1, A2, A3:
Multimodal biometric authentication using quality signals in mobile communications,
CIAP03(2-11).
IEEE DOI 0310
BibRef

Fierrez-Aguilar, J.[Julian], Garcia-Romero, D.[Daniel], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J.[Joaquin],
Bayesian adaptation for user-dependent multimodal biometric authentication,
PR(38), No. 8, August 2005, pp. 1317-1319.
Elsevier DOI 0505
BibRef

Fierrez-Aguilar, J.[Julian], Garcia-Romero, D.[Daniel], Ortega-Garcia, J.[Javier], Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J.[Joaquin],
Adapted user-dependent multimodal biometric authentication exploiting general information,
PRL(26), No. 16, December 2005, pp. 2628-2639.
Elsevier DOI 0512
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2, A4:
A Comparative Evaluation of Fusion Strategies for Multimodal Biometric Verification,
AVBPA03(830-837).
Springer DOI 0310
BibRef

Son, B.J.[Byung-Jun], Lee, Y.B.[Yill-Byung],
The Fusion of Two User-friendly Biometric Modalities: Iris and Face,
IEICE(E89-D), No. 1, January 2006, pp. 372-376.
DOI Link 0601
BibRef
Earlier:
Biometric Authentication System Using Reduced Joint Feature Vector of Iris and Face,
AVBPA05(513).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Rukhin, A.L.[Andrew L.], Malioutov, I.[Igor],
Fusion of biometric algorithms in the recognition problem,
PRL(26), No. 5, April 2005, pp. 679-684.
Elsevier DOI 0501
BibRef

Toh, K.A., Yau, W.Y.[Wei-Yun],
Fingerprint and speaker verification decisions fusion using a functional link network,
SMC-C(35), No. 3, August 2005, pp. 357-370.
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Veeramachaneni, K., Osadciw, L.A., Varshney, P.K.,
An adaptive multimodal biometric management algorithm,
SMC-C(35), No. 3, August 2005, pp. 344-356.
IEEE DOI 0508

See also Comments on An Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Management Algorithm. BibRef

Tsalakanidou, F.[Filareti], Malassiotis, S.[Sotiris], Strintzis, M.G.[Michael G.],
A 3D face and hand biometric system for robust user-friendly authentication,
PRL(28), No. 16, December 2007, pp. 2238-2249.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Multimodal biometrics; 3D face; 3D hand geometry; Color images; Classifier fusion; Score normalization
See also Face Localization and Authentication Using Color and Depth Images. BibRef

Bouchaffra, D.[Djamel], Amira, A.[Abbes],
Feature generation and machine learning for robust multimodal biometrics,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 775-777.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Introduction to the issue. BibRef

Bouchaffra, D.[Djamel], Amira, A.[Abbes],
Structural hidden Markov models for biometrics: Fusion of face and fingerprint,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 852-867.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Multimodal biometrics; Discrete wavelet transform; Ridgelet transform; Structural hidden Markov models; Support vector machines; Classifier combination BibRef

Bouchaffra, D.[Djamel],
Embedding HMMs-based models in a Euclidean space: The topological hidden Markov models,
PR(43), No. 7, July 2010, pp. 2590-2607.
Elsevier DOI 1003
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
Structural hidden markov models. BibRef

Maurer, D.E.[Donald E.], Baker, J.P.[John P.],
Fusing multimodal biometrics with quality estimates via a Bayesian belief network,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 821-832.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Biometrics; Multimodal biometrics; Bayesian belief networks; Fingerprint match scores; Voice match scores; Information fusion BibRef

Alsaade, F., Ariyaeeinia, A.M., Malegaonkar, A.S., Pawlewski, M., Pillay, S.G.,
Enhancement of multimodal biometric segregation using unconstrained cohort normalisation,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 814-820.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Multimodal biometrics; Score-level fusion; Unconstrained cohort normalisation; Biometric identification; Biometric verification BibRef

Alsaade, F.[Fawaz], Ariyaeeinia, A.M.[Aladdin M.], Malegaonkar, A.S.[Amit S.], Pillay, S.G.[Surosh G.],
Qualitative fusion of normalised scores in multimodal biometrics,
PRL(30), No. 5, 1 April 2009, pp. 564-569.
Elsevier DOI 0903
Multimodal biometrics; Score-level fusion; Unconstrained cohort normalisation; Qualitative-based fusion BibRef

Zhang, T.H.[Tian-Hao], Li, X.L.[Xue-Long], Tao, D.C.[Da-Cheng], Yang, J.[Jie],
Multimodal biometrics using geometry preserving projections,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 805-813.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Multimodal biometrics; Geometry preserving projections; Subspace selection BibRef

Theoharis, T.[Theoharis], Passalis, G.[Georgios], Toderici, G.[George], Kakadiaris, I.A.[Ioannis A.],
Unified 3D face and ear recognition using wavelets on geometry images,
PR(41), No. 3, March 2008, pp. 796-804.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Face recognition; Ear recognition; Multimodal biometrics; Wavelets; Geometry images; Deformable models
See also Three-Dimensional Face Recognition in the Presence of Facial Expressions: An Annotated Deformable Model Approach. BibRef

Passalis, G., Kakadiaris, I.A., Theoharis, T., Toderici, G., Papaioannou, T.,
Towards fast 3D ear recognition for real-life biometric applications,
AVSBS07(39-44).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Patra, A.[Arpita], Das, S.[Sukhendu],
Enhancing decision combination of face and fingerprint by exploitation of individual classifier space: An approach to multi-modal biometry,
PR(41), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 2298-2308.
Elsevier DOI 0804
Fusion; Scatter matrices; Response vector; LDA; Decision profile BibRef

Kanhangad, V., Kumar, A., Zhang, D.,
Comments on 'An Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Management Algorithm',
SMC-C(38), No. 6, November 2008, pp. 841-843.
IEEE DOI 0812

See also adaptive multimodal biometric management algorithm, An. BibRef

Tao, Q.[Qian], Veldhuis, R.N.J.[Raymond N.J.],
Threshold-optimized decision-level fusion and its application to biometrics,
PR(42), No. 5, May 2009, pp. 823-836.
Elsevier DOI 0902
BibRef
Earlier:
Hybrid fusion for biometrics: Combining score-level and decision-level fusion,
Biometrics08(1-6).
IEEE DOI 0806
Fusion; Matching score level; Decision level; Threshold-optimized decision-level fusion BibRef

Fox, N.A., Gross, R., Cohn, J.F., Reilly, R.B.,
Robust Biometric Person Identification Using Automatic Classifier Fusion of Speech, Mouth, and Face Experts,
MultMed(9), No. 4, 2007, pp. 701-714.
IEEE DOI 0905
BibRef

Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio], Didaci, L.[Luca],
Personal identity verification by serial fusion of fingerprint and face matchers,
PR(42), No. 11, November 2009, pp. 2807-2817.
Elsevier DOI 0907
Biometrics; Fingerprint verification; Face verification; Multi-stage classification BibRef

Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Score-level fusion of fingerprint and face matchers for personal verification under 'stress' conditions,
CIAP07(259-264).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Lobrano, C.[Carlo], Tronci, R.[Roberto], Giacinto, G.[Giorgio], Roli, F.[Fabio],
A Score Decidability Index for Dynamic Score Combination,
ICPR10(69-72).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Tronci, R.[Roberto], Giacinto, G.[Giorgio], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Dynamic score combination of binary experts,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef
And:
Combination of Experts by Classifiers in Similarity Score Spaces,
SSPR08(821-830).
Springer DOI 0812
BibRef
Earlier:
Dynamic Score Selection for Fusion of Multiple Biometric Matchers,
CIAP07(15-22).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A3, A1:
Score Selection Techniques for Fingerprint Multi-modal Biometric Authentication,
CIAP05(1018-1025).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Rattani, A.[Ajita], Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Temporal Analysis of Biometric Template Update Procedures in Uncontrolled Environment,
CIAP11(I: 595-604).
Springer DOI 1109
BibRef
Earlier:
An Experimental Analysis of the Relationship between Biometric Template Update and the Doddington's Zoo: A Case Study in Face Verification,
CIAP09(434-442).
Springer DOI 0909
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
Biometric Template Update: An Experimental Investigation on the Relationship between Update Errors and Performance Degradation in Face Verification,
SSPR08(684-693).
Springer DOI 0812
BibRef

Ross, A., Rattani, A.[Ajita], Tistarelli, M.[Massimo],
Exploiting the 'Doddington Zoo' effect in biometric fusion,
BTAS09(1-7).
IEEE DOI 0909
BibRef

Rattani, A.[Ajita], Freni, B.[Biagio], Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Template Update Methods in Adaptive Biometric Systems: A Critical Review,
ICB09(847-856).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Didaci, L.[Luca], Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Modelling FRR of Biometric Verification Systems Using the Template Co-update Algorithm,
ICB09(765-774).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Poh, N.[Norman], Wong, R.[Rita], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.], Roli, F.[Fabio],
Challenges and Research Directions for Adaptive Biometric Recognition Systems,
ICB09(753-764).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Didaci, L.[Luca], Marcialis, G.L.[Gian Luca], Roli, F.[Fabio],
A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Template Co-update in Biometric Verification Systems,
SSPR08(765-774).
Springer DOI 0812
BibRef
Earlier: A3, A1, A2:
Template Co-update in Multimodal Biometric Systems,
ICB07(1194-1202).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Poh, N.[Norman], Bourlai, T.[Thirimachos], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.],
A multimodal biometric test bed for quality-dependent, cost-sensitive and client-specific score-level fusion algorithms,
PR(43), No. 3, March 2010, pp. 1094-1105.
Elsevier DOI 1001
Multimodal biometric authentication; Benchmark; Database; Fusion BibRef

Proença, H.[Hugo],
Biometric Recognition: When Is Evidence Fusion Advantageous?,
ISVC09(II: 698-708).
Springer DOI 0911
BibRef

He, M.X.[Ming-Xing], Horng, S.J.[Shi-Jinn], Fan, P.Z.[Ping-Zhi], Run, R.S.[Ray-Shine], Chen, R.J.[Rong-Jian], Lai, J.L.[Jui-Lin], Khan, M.K.[Muhammad Khurram], Sentosa, K.O.[Kevin Octavius],
Performance evaluation of score level fusion in multimodal biometric systems,
PR(43), No. 5, May 2010, pp. 1789-1800.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Multimodal biometrics; Score level fusion; Verification; Normalization; Sum rule; Support vector machines BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Stallkamp, J.[Johannes], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
A video-based door monitoring system using local appearance-based face models,
CVIU(114), No. 5, May 2010, pp. 596-608.
Elsevier DOI 1004
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
Video-based Face Recognition on Real-World Data,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0710
Face recognition from video; Face detection; Feature tracking; Door monitoring; Discrete cosine transform; Fusion BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Fischer, M.[Mika], Jin, Q.[Qin], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Multi-modal Person Identification in a Smart Environment,
Biometrics07(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0706
BibRef

Ekenel, H.K.[Hazim Kemal], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Why Is Facial Occlusion a Challenging Problem?,
ICB09(299-308).
Springer DOI 0906
BibRef

Allano, L.[Lorene], Dorizzi, B.[Bernadette], Garcia-Salicetti, S.[Sonia],
Tuning cost and performance in multi-biometric systems: A novel and consistent view of fusion strategies based on the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT),
PRL(31), No. 9, 1 July 2010, pp. 884-890.
Elsevier DOI 1004
Multi-biometrics; Fusion; Sequential strategy; Cost optimization; Sequential Probability Ratio Test BibRef

Allano, L.[Lorène], Dorizzi, B.[Bernadette], Garcia-Salicetti, S.[Sonia],
A new protocol for multi-biometric systems' evaluation maintaining the dependencies between biometric scores,
PR(45), No. 1, January 2012, pp. 119-127.
Elsevier DOI 1109
Performance evaluation; Multibiometric scores' fusion; Independency criteria; Independency tests; Chimeric persons; Clustering BibRef

Garcia-Salicetti, S.[Sonia], Mellakh, M.A.[Mohamed Anouar], Allano, L.[Lorène], Dorizzi, B.[Bernadette],
A Generic Protocol for Multibiometric Systems Evaluation on Virtual and Real Subjects,
AVBPA05(494).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Bhargav-Spantzel, A., Squicciarini, A.C., Xue, R., Bertino, E.,
Multifactor Identity Verification Using Aggregated Proof of Knowledge,
SMC-C(40), No. 4, July 2010, pp. 372-383.
IEEE DOI 1007
Many factors. BibRef

Conti, V., Militello, C., Sorbello, F., Vitabile, S.,
A Frequency-based Approach for Features Fusion in Fingerprint and Iris Multimodal Biometric Identification Systems,
SMC-C(40), No. 4, July 2010, pp. 384-395.
IEEE DOI 1007
BibRef

Alonso-Fernandez, F., Fierrez, J., Ramos, D., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J.,
Quality-Based Conditional Processing in Multi-Biometrics: Application to Sensor Interoperability,
SMC-A(40), No. 6, November 2010, pp. 1168-1179.
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Jiang, R.M., Sadka, A.H., Crookes, D.,
Multimodal Biometric Human Recognition for Perceptual Human-Computer Interaction,
SMC-C(40), No. 6, November 2010, pp. 676-681.
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Raghavendra, R., Dorizzi, B.[Bernadette], Rao, A.[Ashok], Hemantha Kumar, G.,
Designing efficient fusion schemes for multimodal biometric systems using face and palmprint,
PR(44), No. 5, May 2011, pp. 1076-1088.
Elsevier DOI 1101
BibRef
Earlier:
PSO versus AdaBoost for feature selection in multimodal biometrics,
BTAS09(1-7).
IEEE DOI 0909
Multimodal biometrics; Feature level fusion; Feature selection; Particle swarm optimization; Match score level fusion
See also Particle swarm optimization based fusion of near infrared and visible images for improved face verification. BibRef

Kumar, A., Shekhar, S.,
Personal Identification Using Multibiometrics Rank-Level Fusion,
SMC-C(41), No. 5, September 2011, pp. 743-752.
IEEE DOI 1109
BibRef

Hanmandlu, M.[Madasu], Grover, J.[Jyotsana], Gureja, A.[Ankit], Gupta, H.M.,
Score level fusion of multimodal biometrics using triangular norms,
PRL(32), No. 14, 15 October 2011, pp. 1843-1850.
Elsevier DOI 1110
Biometrics; Triangular norms; Multimodal authentication; Score level fusion; Decidability index BibRef

Kumar, A.[Amioy], Hanmandlu, M.[Madasu], Sanghvi, H.[Harsh], Gupta, H.M.,
Decision level biometric fusion using Ant Colony Optimization,
ICIP10(3105-3108).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Liu, Y.F., Lin, C.Y., Guo, J.M.,
Impact of the Lips for Biometrics,
IP(21), No. 6, June 2012, pp. 3092-3101.
IEEE DOI 1202
BibRef

Liu, C.J.[Cheng-Jun], Mago, V.K.[Vijay Kumar],
Cross Disciplinary Biometric Systems,
Springer2012, ISBN: 978-3-642-28456-4

Monwar, M.M.[M. Maruf], Gavrilova, M.L.[Marina L.],
Markov chain model for multimodal biometric rank fusion,
SIViP(7), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 137-149.
WWW Link. 1301
BibRef
Earlier:
Integrating monomodal biometric matchers through logistic regression rank aggregation approach,
AIPR08(1-7).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Huang, Z.X.[Zeng-Xi], Liu, Y.G.[Yi-Guang], Li, C.G.[Chun-Guang], Yang, M.L.[Meng-Long], Chen, L.P.[Li-Ping],
A robust face and ear based multimodal biometric system using sparse representation,
PR(46), No. 8, August 2013, pp. 2156-2168.
Elsevier DOI 1304
Face and ear; Sparse representation; Feature level fusion; Sparse Coding Error Ratio (SCER); Adaptive feature weighting BibRef

Huang, Z.X.[Zeng-Xi], Liu, Y.G.[Yi-Guang], Li, X.[Xuwei], Li, J.[Jie],
An adaptive bimodal recognition framework using sparse coding for face and ear,
PRL(53), No. 1, 2015, pp. 69-76.
Elsevier DOI 1502
Multimodal recognition BibRef

Poh, N.[Norman], Ross, A.[Arun], Lee, W.F.[Wei-Feng], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.],
A user-specific and selective multimodal biometric fusion strategy by ranking subjects,
PR(46), No. 12, 2013, pp. 3341-3357.
Elsevier DOI 1308
BibRef
And: Corrigendum: PR(47), No. 1, 2014, p. 493.
Elsevier DOI 1310
Biometrics BibRef

Raghavendra, R.,
Novel mixture model-based approaches for person verification using multimodal biometrics,
SIViP(7), No. 5, September 2013, pp. 1015-1028.
WWW Link. 1309
BibRef

Shekhar, S.[Sumit], Patel, V.M.[Vishal M.], Nasrabadi, N.M.[Nasser M.], Chellappa, R.[Rama],
Joint Sparse Representation for Robust Multimodal Biometrics Recognition,
PAMI(36), No. 1, 2014, pp. 113-126.
IEEE DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
Joint Sparsity-Based Robust Multimodal Biometrics Recognition,
Concept12(III: 365-374).
Springer DOI 1210
Multimodal biometrics; feature fusion; sparse representation BibRef

Zhang, H.[Heng], Patel, V.M.[Vishal M.], Chellappa, R.[Rama],
Low-Rank and Joint Sparse Representations for Multi-Modal Recognition,
IP(26), No. 10, October 2017, pp. 4741-4752.
IEEE DOI 1708
BibRef
Earlier:
Multitask multivariate common sparse representations for robust multimodal biometrics recognition,
ICIP15(202-206)
IEEE DOI 1512
BibRef
Earlier:
Robust multimodal recognition via multitask multivariate low-rank representations,
FG15(1-8)
IEEE DOI 1508
regression analysis, generalized versions, joint sparse constraints, joint sparse representations, low rank representations, multimodal observations, multimodal recognition, multivariate methods, sparse regression, Biometrics (access control), Feature extraction, Nickel, Optimization, Robustness, Sparse matrices, Training, Multi-modal recognition, feature-level fusion, joint-sparse representation, common sparse representation; multimodal biometrics recognition face recognition BibRef

Gomez-Barrero, M.[Marta], Galbally, J.[Javier], Fierrez, J.[Julian],
Efficient software attack to multimodal biometric systems and its application to face and iris fusion,
PRL(36), No. 1, 2014, pp. 243-253.
Elsevier DOI 1312
Multimodal system BibRef

Karmakar, D.[Dhiman], Murthy, C.A.,
Generation of new points for training set and feature-level fusion in multimodal biometric identification,
MVA(25), No. 2, February 2014, pp. 477-487.
WWW Link. 1402
BibRef

Fathy, M.E.[Mohammed E.], Patel, V.M.[Vishal M.], Yeh, T.[Tom], Zhang, Y.M.[Yang-Muzi], Chellappa, R.[Rama], Davis, L.S.[Larry S.],
Screen-based active user authentication,
PRL(42), No. 1, 2014, pp. 122-127.
Elsevier DOI 1404
Cyber biometrics BibRef

de Paula Canuto, A.M., Fairhurst, M.C., Pintro, F.,
Ensemble systems and cancellable transformations for multibiometric-based identification,
IET-Bio(3), No. 1, March 2014, pp. 29-40.
DOI Link 1406
BibRef

Baig, A., Bouridane, A., Kurugollu, F., Albesher, B.,
Cascaded multimodal biometric recognition framework,
IET-Bio(3), No. 1, March 2014, pp. 16-28.
DOI Link 1406
BibRef

Eskandari, M.[Maryam], Toygar, Ö.[Önsen],
Fusion of face and iris biometrics using local and global feature extraction methods,
SIViP(8), No. 6, September 2014, pp. 995-1006.
WWW Link. 1408
BibRef

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ACPR13(79-83)
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Nair, S.K.R.[Suresh Kumar Ramachandran], Bhanu, B.[Bir], Ghosh, S.[Subir], Thakoor, N.S.[Ninad S.],
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Khan, S.H.[Salman H.], Akbar, M.A.[M. Ali], Shahzad, F.[Farrukh], Farooq, M.[Mudassar], Khan, Z.[Zeashan],
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Paul, P.P., Gavrilova, M.L., Alhajj, R.,
Decision Fusion for Multimodal Biometrics Using Social Network Analysis,
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de Marsico, M.[Maria], Galdi, C.[Chiara], Nappi, M.[Michele], Riccio, D.[Daniel],
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CIAP09(346-354).
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Abate, A.F.[Andrea F.], Nappi, M.[Michele], Riccio, D.[Daniel], Sabatino, G.[Gabriele],
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ICPR06(III: 1183-1186).
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Abate, A.F.[Andrea F.], Nappi, M.[Michele], Riccio, D.[Daniel], Tucci, M.[Maurizio],
Occluded Face Recognition by Means of the IFS,
ICIAR05(1073-1080).
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Abate, A.F.[Andrea F.], Nappi, M.[Michele], Riccio, D.[Daniel], Tortora, G.,
An IFS Based Approach for Face Recognition,
ICIP05(II: 938-941).
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Abate, A.F.[Andrea Francesco], Nappi, M.[Michele], Ricciardi, S.[Stefano], Sabatino, G.[Gabriele],
Fast 3D Face Alignment and Improved Recognition Through Pyramidal Normal map Metric,
ICIP07(I: 157-160).
IEEE DOI 0709
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GPU Accelerated 3D Face Registration/Recognition,
ICB07(938-947).
Springer DOI 0708
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Earlier:
Ultra Fast GPU Assisted Face Recognition Based on 3D Geometry and Texture Data,
ICIAR06(II: 353-364).
Springer DOI 0610
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And:
Multi-Modal Face Recognition by Means of Augmented Normal Map and PCA,
ICIP06(649-652).
IEEE DOI 0610
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Earlier:
Fast 3D Face Recognition Based On Normal Map,
ICIP05(II: 946-949).
IEEE DOI 0512

See also Ear Recognition by means of a Rotation Invariant Descriptor.
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Alam, M.R.[Mohammad Rafiqul], Bennamoun, M.[Mohammed], Togneri, R.[Roberto], Sohel, F.A.[Ferdous A.],
A confidence-based late fusion framework for audio-visual biometric identification,
PRL(52), No. 1, 2015, pp. 65-71.
Elsevier DOI 1412
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Deep Boltzmann Machines for i-Vector Based Audio-Visual Person Identification,
PSIVT15(631-641).
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Alam, M.R.[Mohammad Rafiqul], Bennamoun, M.[Mohammed], Togneri, R.[Roberto], Sohel, F.A.[Ferdous A.],
A Joint Deep Boltzmann Machine (jDBM) Model for Person Identification Using Mobile Phone Data,
MultMed(19), No. 2, February 2017, pp. 317-326.
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Nguyen, K.[Kien], Denman, S.[Simon], Sridharan, S.[Sridha], Fookes, C.[Clinton],
Score-Level Multibiometric Fusion Based on Dempster-Shafer Theory Incorporating Uncertainty Factors,
HMS(45), No. 1, February 2015, pp. 132-140.
IEEE DOI 1502
biometrics (access control) BibRef

Ali, T., Spreeuwers, L.J., Veldhuis, R.N.J.[Raimond N.J.], Meuwly, D.,
Biometric evidence evaluation: An empirical assessment of the effect of different training data,
IET-Bio(3), No. 4, 2014, pp. 335-346.
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digital forensics BibRef

Haraksim, R.[Rudolf], Ramos, D.[Daniel], Meuwly, D.[Didier],
Validation of likelihood ratio methods for forensic evidence evaluation handling multimodal score distributions,
IET-Bio(6), No. 2, March 2017, pp. 61-69.
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Arigbabu, O.A.[Olasimbo Ayodeji], Ahmad, S.M.S.[Sharifah Mumtazah Syed], Adnan, W.A.W.[Wan Azizun Wan], Yussof, S.[Salman],
Recent advances in facial soft biometrics,
VC(31), No. 5, May 2015, pp. 513-525.
Springer DOI 1505
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Arigbabu, O.A.[Olasimbo Ayodeji], Ahmad, S.M.S.[Sharifah Mumtazah Syed], Adnan, W.A.W.[Wan Azizun Wan], Yussof, S.[Salman],
Integration of multiple soft biometrics for human identification,
PRL(68, Part 2), No. 1, 2015, pp. 278-287.
Elsevier DOI 1512
Soft biometrics BibRef

Eskandari, M.[Maryam], Toygar, Ö.[Önsen],
Selection of optimized features and weights on face-iris fusion using distance images,
CVIU(137), No. 1, 2015, pp. 63-75.
Elsevier DOI 1506
Multimodal biometrics BibRef

Zhang, H.[Hao], Beveridge, J.R.[J. Ross], Draper, B.A.[Bruce A.], Phillips, P.J.[P. Jonathon],
On the effectiveness of soft biometrics for increasing face verification rates,
CVIU(137), No. 1, 2015, pp. 50-62.
Elsevier DOI 1506
Soft biometrics. attributes of people such as their gender, the shape of their head or the color of their hair. BibRef

Bharadwaj, S.[Samarth], Bhatt, H.S.[Himanshu S.], Singh, R.[Richa], Vatsa, M.[Mayank], Noore, A.[Afzel],
QFuse: Online learning framework for adaptive biometric system,
PR(48), No. 11, 2015, pp. 3428-3439.
Elsevier DOI 1506
Biometrics BibRef

Sheng, W.G.[Wei-Guo], Chen, S.Y.[Sheng-Yong], Xiao, G.[Gang], Mao, J.[Jiafa], Zheng, Y.J.[Yu-Jun],
A Biometric Key Generation Method Based on Semisupervised Data Clustering,
SMCS(45), No. 9, September 2015, pp. 1205-1217.
IEEE DOI 1509
authorisation BibRef

Irhebhude, M.E.[Martins E.], Edirisinghe, E.A.[Eran A.],
Personnel Recognition in the Military using Multiple Features,
IJCVSP(5), No. 1, 2015, pp. xx-yy.
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Roy, K., Shelton, J., O'Connor, B., Kamel, M.S.,
Multibiometric system using fuzzy level set, and genetic and evolutionary feature extraction,
IET-Bio(4), No. 3, 2015, pp. 151-161.
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face recognition BibRef

Vivaracho-Pascual, C.[Carlos], Simon-Hurtado, A.[Arancha], Manso-Martinez, E.[Esperanza], Pascual-Gaspar, J.M.[Juan M.],
Client threshold prediction in biometric signature recognition by means of Multiple Linear Regression and its use for score normalization,
PR(55), No. 1, 2016, pp. 1-13.
Elsevier DOI 1604
Biometric signature recognition BibRef

Mehrotra, H.[Hunny], Singh, R.[Richa], Vatsa, M.[Mayank], Majhi, B.[Banshidhar],
Incremental granular relevance vector machine: A case study in multimodal biometrics,
PR(56), No. 1, 2016, pp. 63-76.
Elsevier DOI 1604
Incremental learning BibRef

Lim, M.H., Yuen, P.C.,
Entropy Measurement for Biometric Verification Systems,
Cyber(46), No. 5, May 2016, pp. 1065-1077.
IEEE DOI 1604
Biological system modeling BibRef

Farmanbar, M.[Mina], Toygar, Ö.[Önsen],
Feature selection for the fusion of face and palmprint biometrics,
SIViP(10), No. 5, May 2016, pp. 951-958.
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Farmanbar, M.[Mina], Toygar, Ö.[Önsen],
Spoof detection on face and palmprint biometrics,
SIViP(11), No. 7, October 2017, pp. 1253-1260.
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Lim, M.H.[Meng-Hui], Verma, S.[Sunny], Mai, G.C.[Guang-Can], Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.],
Learning discriminability-preserving histogram representation from unordered features for multibiometric feature-fused-template protection,
PR(60), No. 1, 2016, pp. 706-719.
Elsevier DOI 1609
Histograms BibRef

Stevenage, S.V.[Sarah V.], Guest, R.M.[Richard M.],
Combining forces: Data fusion across man and machine for biometric analysis,
IVC(55, Part 1), No. 1, 2016, pp. 18-21.
Elsevier DOI 1612
Biometric identification BibRef

Mai, G.C.[Guang-Can], Lim, M.H.[Meng-Hui], Yuen, P.C.[Pong C.],
Binary feature fusion for discriminative and secure multi-biometric cryptosystems,
IVC(58), No. 1, 2017, pp. 254-265.
Elsevier DOI 1703
Biometric BibRef

Peng, G., Zhou, G., Nguyen, D.T., Qi, X., Yang, Q., Wang, S.,
Continuous Authentication With Touch Behavioral Biometrics and Voice on Wearable Glasses,
HMS(47), No. 3, June 2017, pp. 404-416.
IEEE DOI 1706
Accelerometers, Authentication, Biometrics (access control), Feature extraction, Glass, Google, Sensors, Behavioral biometric, continuous authentication, noninvasive, voice authentication, wearable, glasses BibRef

Battaglia, F., Iannizzotto, G., Lo Bello, L.,
A Person Authentication System Based on RFID Tags and a Cascade of Face Recognition Algorithms,
CirSysVideo(27), No. 8, August 2017, pp. 1676-1690.
IEEE DOI 1708
Authentication, Databases, Face, Face recognition, Principal component analysis, RFID tags, Biometrics BibRef

Eskandari, M.[Maryam], Sharifi, O.[Omid],
Optimum scheme selection for face-iris biometric,
IET-Bio(6), No. 5, September 2017, pp. 334-341.
DOI Link 1708
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Cong, Y.[Yang], Sun, G.[Gan], Liu, J.[Ji], Yu, H.B.[Hai-Bin], Luo, J.B.[Jie-Bo],
User attribute discovery with missing labels,
PR(73), No. 1, 2018, pp. 33-46.
Elsevier DOI 1709
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Ma, C.[Chao], Gong, C.[Chen], Gu, Y.[Yun], Yang, J.[Jie], Feng, D.Y.[De-Ying],
SHISS: Supervised hashing with informative set selection,
PRL(107), 2018, pp. 105-113.
Elsevier DOI 1805
Biometrics, Image retrieval, Supervised hashing, Information set selection BibRef

Pisani, P.H.[Paulo Henrique], Lorena, A.C., de Carvalho, A.C.P.F.[André Carlos Ponce_de_Leon Ferreira],
Adaptive Biometric Systems using Ensembles,
IEEE_Int_Sys(33), No. 2, March 2018, pp. 19-28.
IEEE DOI 1806
Adaptation models, Adaptive systems, Biometrics (access control), Classification algorithms, Online services, Training data, template update BibRef

Neves, J.[João], Moreno, J.[Juan], Proença, H.[Hugo],
QUIS-CAMPI: an annotated multi-biometrics data feed from surveillance scenarios,
IET-Bio(7), No. 4, July 2018, pp. 371-379.
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Sharma, R.[Renu], Das, S.[Sukhendu], Joshi, P.[Padmaja],
Score-level fusion using generalized extreme value distribution and DSmT, for multi-biometric systems,
IET-Bio(7), No. 5, September 2018, pp. 474-481.
DOI Link 1809
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Earlier:
Score Normalization in Multimodal Systems using Generalized Extreme Value Distribution,
BMVC15(xx-yy).
DOI Link 1601
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Ammour, B.[Basma], Bouden, T.[Toufik], Boubchir, L.[Larbi],
Face-iris multi-modal biometric system using multi-resolution Log-Gabor filter with spectral regression kernel discriminant analysis,
IET-Bio(7), No. 5, September 2018, pp. 482-489.
DOI Link 1809
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Cheniti, M.[Mohamed], Boukezzoula, N.E.[Naceur-Eddine], Akhtar, Z.[Zahid],
Symmetric sum-based biometric score fusion,
IET-Bio(7), No. 5, September 2018, pp. 391-395.
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Becerra-Riera, F.[Fabiola], Morales-González, A.[Annette], Méndez-Vázquez, H.[Heydi],
Facial marks for improving face recognition,
PRL(113), 2018, pp. 3-9.
Elsevier DOI 1810
Facial marks, Face recognition, Soft biometrics, Facial mark benchmark BibRef

Aloui, K.[Kamel], Nait-Ali, A.[Amine], Naceur, M.S.[Mohamed Saber],
Using brain prints as new biometric feature for human recognition,
PRL(113), 2018, pp. 38-45.
Elsevier DOI 1810
Biometrics, Hidden biometrics, Cortical folds, Curvilinear slices, Gabor transform, MR images, Brainprint, Forensics BibRef

Fenu, G.[Gianni], Marras, M.[Mirko], Boratto, L.[Ludovico],
A multi-biometric system for continuous student authentication in e-learning platforms,
PRL(113), 2018, pp. 83-92.
Elsevier DOI 1810
Multi-biometric system, Student authentication, Continuous authentication, Device/interaction-agnosticism, Student's identity verification BibRef

Walia, G.S.[Gurjit Singh], Rishi, S.[Shivam], Asthana, R.[Rajesh], Kumar, A.[Aarohi], Gupta, A.[Anjana],
Secure multimodal biometric system based on diffused graphs and optimal score fusion,
IET-Bio(8), No. 4, July 2019, pp. 231-242.
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Incorporating iris, fingerprint and face biometric for fraud prevention in e-passports using fuzzy vault,
IET-IPR(13), No. 13, November 2019, pp. 2516-2528.
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SEMBA: secure multi-biometric authentication,
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Two-Factor Authentication System Using P300 Response to a Sequence of Human Photographs,
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IEEE DOI 2002
Authentication, Electroencephalography, Visualization, Face, Error analysis, Frequency-domain analysis, Authentication, P300 BibRef

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Springer DOI 2005
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IET-Bio(9), No. 3, May 2020, pp. 91-99.
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Tiong, L.C.O.[Leslie Ching Ow], Kim, S.T.[Seong Tae], Ro, Y.M.[Yong Man],
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IVC(102), 2020, pp. 103977.
Elsevier DOI 2010
Multimodal facial biometrics recognition, Deep multimodal learning, Network fusion layers BibRef

Wang, P.Y.[Pei-Yi], You, L.[Lin], Hu, G.R.[Geng-Ran], Hu, L.Q.[Li-Qin], Jian, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua], Xing, C.P.[Chao-Ping],
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Elsevier DOI 2012
Feature distance, Generated interval, Bio-key, Biometric, Code BibRef

Bokade, G.U.[Gayatri U.], Kanphade, R.D.[Rajendra D.],
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Modu, F.[Falmata], Aliyu, F.[Farouq], Sheltami, T.[Tarek], Musa, M.[Mahdi],
Energy-efficient multi-biometric system for Internet of Things using trust management,
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Gayathri, M., Malathy, C.,
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PRL(152), 2021, pp. 1-9.
Elsevier DOI 2112
Authentication, Biometrics, Recurrent neural network, Visual cryptography, Security, Privacy BibRef

Ning, H.L.[Hai-Long], Zheng, X.T.[Xiang-Tao], Lu, X.Q.[Xiao-Qiang], Yuan, Y.[Yuan],
Disentangled Representation Learning for Cross-Modal Biometric Matching,
MultMed(24), No. 2022, pp. 1763-1774.
IEEE DOI 2204
Face recognition, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Faces, Visualization, Image segmentation, Videos, modality-dependent factors BibRef

Stragapede, G.[Giuseppe], Vera-Rodriguez, R.[Ruben], Tolosana, R.[Ruben], Morales, A.[Aythami], Acien, A.[Alejandro], le Lan, G.[Gaël],
Mobile behavioral biometrics for passive authentication,
PRL(157), 2022, pp. 35-41.
Elsevier DOI 2205
Behavioral biometrics, Passive authentication, Mobile devices, Human computer interaction BibRef

Gupta, S.[Sandeep], Kumar, R.[Rajesh], Kacimi, M.[Mouna], Crispo, B.[Bruno],
IDeAuth: A novel behavioral biometric-based implicit deauthentication scheme for smartphones,
PRL(157), 2022, pp. 8-15.
Elsevier DOI 2205
User verification, Behavioral biometric, Smartphones BibRef

Lohith, M.S., Manjunath, Y.S.K.[Yoga Suhas Kuruba], Eshwarappa, M.N.,
Multimodal Biometric Person Authentication Using Face, Ear and Periocular Region Based on Convolution Neural Networks,
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Zhang, H.K.[Hong-Kang], Huang, S.L.[Shao-Lun], Kuruoglu, E.E.[Ercan Engin],
HGR Correlation Pooling Fusion Framework for Recognition and Classification in Multimodal Remote Sensing Data,
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Liang, Y.H.[Yi-Hua], Ma, F.[Fei], Li, Y.[Yang], Huang, S.L.[Shao-Lun],
Person Recognition with HGR Maximal Correlation on Multimodal Data,
ICPR21(1-8)
IEEE DOI 2105
Joint learning visual features and audio features. Visualization, Correlation, Surveillance, Data integration, Resists, Feature extraction, Robustness BibRef

Chen, G.[Guang], Luo, D.[Dacan], Lian, F.Z.[Feng-Zhao], Tian, F.[Feng], Yang, X.[Xu], Kang, W.X.[Wen-Xiong],
A Multimodal Biometric Recognition Method Based on Federated Learning,
IET-Bio(2024), No. 1, 2024, pp. 5873909.
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biometric recognition, multimodal authentication, personalized federated learning, privacy protection BibRef

Tiong, L.C.O.[Leslie Ching Ow], Sigmund, D.[Dick], Chan, C.H.[Chen-Hui], Teoh, A.B.J.[Andrew Beng Jin],
Flexible Biometrics Recognition: Bridging the Multimodality Gap Through Attention, Alignment and Prompt Tuning,
CVPR24(267-276)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2410
Bridges, Face recognition, Biological system modeling, Source coding, Computational modeling, Collaboration, multimodal prompt tuning BibRef

Liu, F.[Feng], Ashbaugh, R.[Ryan], Chimitt, N.[Nicholas], Hassan, N.[Najmul], Hassani, A.[Ali], Jaiswal, A.[Ajay], Kim, M.[Minchul], Mao, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yuan], Perry, C.[Christopher], Ren, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yuan], Su, Y.Y.[Yi-Yang], Varghaei, P.[Pegah], Wang, K.[Kai], Chan, S.[Stanley], Ross, A.[Arun], Shi, H.[Humphrey], Wang, Z.Y.[Zhang-Yang], Jain, A.[Anil], Liu, X.M.[Xiao-Ming],
FarSight: A Physics-Driven Whole-Body Biometric System at Large Distance and Altitude,
WACV24(6215-6224)
IEEE DOI 2404
Training, Deep learning, Face recognition, Biological system modeling, Surveillance, Imaging, body pose BibRef

Nazir, A.[Afrah], Umar, M.S.[M. Sarosh],
The Art of Deception: Novel Graphical User Authentication Scheme Using Illusion Images,
ICCVMI23(1-5)
IEEE DOI 2403
Surveys, Visualization, Force, Authentication, Information security, Passwords, Physiology, challenge-response authentication, optical images BibRef

Tulyakov, S.[Sergey], Sankaran, N.[Nishant], Mohan, D.[Deen], Setlur, S.[Srirangaraj], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Multistage Fusion of Face Matchers,
Biometrics21(1444-1452)
IEEE DOI 2109
Training, Measurement, Error analysis, Databases, Face recognition BibRef

Luo, Z.D.[Zheng-Ding], Gu, Q.H.[Qing-Hua], Su, G.X.[Guo-Xiong], Zhu, Y.S.[Yue-Sheng], Bai, Z.Q.[Zhi-Qiang],
An Adaptive Face-Iris Multimodal Identification System Based on Quality Assessment Network,
MMMod21(I:87-98).
Springer DOI 2106
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Mahdil, S.S.[Soha Sadat], Nauwelaers, N.[Nele], Joris, P.[Philip], Bouritsas, G.[Giorgos], Gong, S.[Shunwang], Bokhnyak, S.[Sergiy], Walsh, S.[Susan], Shriver, M.D.[Mark D.], Bronstein, M.M.[Michael M.], Claes, P.[Peter],
3D Facial Matching by Spiral Convolutional Metric Learning and a Biometric Fusion-Net of Demographic Properties,
ICPR21(1757-1764)
IEEE DOI 2105
Measurement, Support vector machines, Spirals, Shape, Face recognition, Pipelines, Face to DNA BibRef

Hörmann, S.[Stefan], Moiz, A., Knoche, M., Rigoll, G.[Gerhard],
Attention Fusion for Audio-Visual Person Verification Using Multi-Scale Features,
FG20(281-285)
IEEE DOI 2102
Feature extraction, Face recognition, Visualization, Benchmark testing, Agriculture, Training, Spectrogram, face recognition BibRef

di Martino, L., Preciozzi, J., von Gioi, R.G., Garella, G., Fernández, A., Lecumberry, F.,
An a-contrario Biometric Fusion Approach,
Biometrics20(3585-3593)
IEEE DOI 2008
Computational modeling, Biological system modeling, Stochastic processes, Probability, Estimation, Training BibRef

Gurnani, A., Shah, K., Gajjar, V., Mavani, V., Khandhediya, Y.,
SAF-BAGE: Salient Approach for Facial Soft-Biometric Classification - Age, Gender, and Facial Expression,
WACV19(839-847)
IEEE DOI 1904
biometrics (access control), convolutional neural nets, face recognition, feature extraction, image classification, Facial soft-biometric classification BibRef

Bai, Y., Haghighat, M., Abdel-Mottaleb, M.,
Kernel Discriminant Correlation Analysis: Feature Level Fusion for Nonlinear Biometric Recognition,
ICPR18(3198-3203)
IEEE DOI 1812
biometrics (access control), face recognition, feature extraction, image fusion, image recognition, Distributed databases BibRef

Nagrani, A.[Arsha], Albanie, S.[Samuel], Zisserman, A.[Andrew],
Learnable PINs: Cross-modal Embeddings for Person Identity,
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ICPR18(3469-3476)
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Soleymani, S., Torfi, A., Dawson, J., Nasrabadi, N.M.,
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ICIP18(763-767)
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CRV17(191-196)
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ICPR16(3031-3035)
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Biometrics (access control), Dictionaries, Face, Feature extraction, Training, Visualization, audio-visual biometric recognition, joint, sparse, representations BibRef

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Park, S.W.[Sung Won], Savvides, M.[Marios],
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Tyagi, V.[Vivek], Ratha, N.K.[Nalini K.],
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Chapter on Face Recognition, Human Pose, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Biometrics, Active Recognition, Continuous Recognition, Mobile Device .