25.4.8.2 Arabic Character Recognition

El-Sheikh, T.S., Guindi, R.M.,
Computer Recognition of Arabic Cursive Scripts,
PR(21), No. 4, 1988, pp. 293-302.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 8800

El-Sheikh, T.S., Guindi, R.M.,
Automatic Recognition of Isolated Arabic Characters,
SP(14), 1988, pp. 177-184. BibRef 8800

Almuallim, H., Yamaguchi, S.,
A Method of Recognition of Arabic Cursive Handwriting,
PAMI(9), No. 5, September 1987, pp. 715-722. BibRef 8709

El-Dabi, S.S.[Sherif Sami], Ramsis, R.[Refat], Kamel, A.[Aladin],
Arabic character recognition system: A statistical approach for recognizing cursive typewritten text,
PR(23), No. 5, 1990, pp. 485-495.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

El-Khaly, F., Sid-Ahmed, M.A.,
Machine Recognition of Optically Captured Machine Printed Arabic Text,
PR(23), No. 11, 1990, pp. 1207-1214.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

El-Sheikh, T.S., El-Taweel, S.G.,
Real-time arabic handwritten character recognition,
PR(23), No. 12, 1990, pp. 1323-1332.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Al-Emami, S., and Usher, M.,
On-Line Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Characters,
PAMI(12), No. 7, July 1990, pp. 704-710.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9007

El-Wakil, M.S.[Mohamed S.], Shoukry, A.A.[Amin A.],
On-line recognition of handwritten isolated arabic characters,
PR(22), No. 2, 1989, pp. 97-105.
Elsevier DOI 0309
BibRef

Al-Yousefi, H., and Udpa, S.S.,
Recognition of Arabic Characters,
PAMI(14), No. 8, August 1992, pp. 853-857.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9208

Dutta, A., Chaudhury, S.,
Bengali Alpha-Numeric Character-Recognition Using Curvature Features,
PR(26), No. 12, December 1993, pp. 1757-1770.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9312

Mahmoud, S.A., AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Green, R.J.,
Skeletonization of Arabic Characters Using Clustering Based Skeletonization Algorithm (CBSA),
PR(24), No. 5, 1991, pp. 453-464.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9100

AbuHaiba, I.S.I., Mahmoud, S.A., Green, R.J.,
Recognition Of Handwritten Cursive Arabic Characters,
PAMI(16), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 664-672.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9406

Mahmoud, S.A.,
Arabic Character-Recognition Using Fourier Descriptors and Character Contour Encoding,
PR(27), No. 6, June 1994, pp. 815-824.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9406

Abuhaiba, I.S.I., Ahmed, P.,
Restoration of Temporal Information in Off-Line Arabic Handwriting,
PR(26), No. 7, July 1993, pp. 1009-1017.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Saleh, A.O.M.,
A Method of Coding Hand-Written Arabic Characters and Its Application to Context-Free Grammar,
PRL(15), No. 12, December 1994, pp. 1265-1271. BibRef 9412

Romeo-Pakker, K.[Katerin], Ameur, A.[Abderrahim], Olivier, C.[Christian], Lecourtier, Y.[Yves],
Structural-Analysis of Arabic Handwriting: Segmentation and Recognition,
MVA(8), No. 4, 1995, pp. 232-240.
Springer DOI BibRef 9500

Olivier, G., Miled, H., Romeo, K., Lecourtier, Y.,
Segmentation and coding of Arabic handwritten words,
ICPR96(III: 264-268).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Univ. de Rouen, F) BibRef

Touj, S.M.[Sameh Masmoudi], Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri], Amiri, H.[Hamid],
A Hybrid Approach for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Recognition Based on a Planar Hidden Markov Modeling,
ICDAR07(964-968).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef
And:
Two Approaches for Arabic Script Recognition-Based Segmentation Using the Hough Transform,
ICDAR07(654-658).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef
And:
Generalized hough transform for Arabic optical character recognition,
ICDAR03(1242-1246).
IEEE DOI 0311

See also Printed Paw Recognition Based on Planar Hidden Markov Models. BibRef

Miled, H., Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri],
Planar Markov modeling for Arabic writing recognition: advancement state,
ICDAR01(69-73).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Amin, A., Al-Sadoun, H.B., Fischer, S.,
Hand-Printed Arabic Character-Recognition System Using an Artificial Network,
PR(29), No. 4, April 1996, pp. 663-675.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9604

Amin, A.[Adnan], Kavianifar, M.[Mandana],
Automatic recognition of printed arabic text using neural network classifier,
CIAP97(II: 616-623).
Springer DOI 9709
BibRef

Amin, A., and Al-Sadoun, H.B.,
A new structural technique for recognizing printed Arabic text,
PRAI(9), No. 1, 1995, pp. 101-125. BibRef 9500
Earlier:
Hand-Printed Arabic Character Recognition System,
ICPR94(B:536-539).
IEEE DOI BibRef
Earlier:
A new segmentation technique of Arabic text,
ICPR92(II:441-445).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Bushofa, B.M.F., Spann, M.,
Segmentation and Recognition of Arabic Characters by Structural Classification,
IVC(15), No. 3, March 1997, pp. 167-179.
Elsevier DOI 9704
BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation and Recognition of Printed Arabic Characters,
BMVC95(xx-yy).
PDF File. 9509
BibRef

Alshebeili, S.A., Nabawi, A.A.F., Mahmoud, S.A.,
Arabic Character-Recognition Using 1-D Slices of the Character Spectrum,
SP(56), No. 1, January 1997, pp. 59-75. 9704
BibRef

Atici, A.A., Yarman-Vural, F.T.,
A Heuristic Algorithm for Optical Character Recognition of Arabic Script,
SP(62), No. 1, October 1997, pp. 87-99. 9801
BibRef

Amin, A.,
Arabic Character Recognition,
OCRDIA97(397-420). BibRef 9700

Amin, A.,
Off-Line Arabic Character-Recognition: The State of the Art,
PR(31), No. 5, May 1998, pp. 517-530.
Elsevier DOI 9805
Survey, Arabic. BibRef
Earlier:
Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition: A Survey,
ICDAR97(596-599).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Amin, A.[Adnan],
Recognition of printed arabic text based on global features and decision tree learning techniques,
PR(33), No. 8, August 2000, pp. 1309-1323.
Elsevier DOI 0005
BibRef

Amin, A.,
Prototyping Structural Description Using an Inductive Learning Program,
SMC-C(30), No. 1, February 2000, pp. 150-157.
IEEE Abstract. BibRef 0002
And:
Prototyping structural description using decision tree learning techniques,
ICPR02(II: 76-79).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Amin, A., Mansoor, W.,
Recognition of Printed Arabic Text Using Neural Networks,
ICDAR97(612-615).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Motawe, D., Amin, A., Sabourin, R.,
Segmentation of Arabic Cursive Script,
ICDAR97(625-628).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Amin, A.,
Machine Recognition of Multi Font Printed Arabic Texts,
ICPR86(392-395). BibRef 8600

Amin, A., Masini, G., Haton, J.P.,
Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Words and Sentences,
ICPR84(1055-1057). BibRef 8400

Amin, A.,
Machine recognition of handwritten Arabic word by the IRAC II system,
ICPR82(35-37). BibRef 8200

Amin, A., Kaced, A., Haton, J.P., and Mohr, R.,
Handwritten Arabic character recognition by the IRAC system,
ICPR80(729-731). BibRef 8000

Amin, A., Masini, G.,
Machine recognition of cursive Arabic words,
SPIE(359), 1982, pp. 1127-1135. BibRef 8200

Amin, A., and Mari, J.F.,
Machine recognition and correction of printed Arabic text,
SMC(19), No. 5, 1989, pp. 1300-1306. BibRef 8900

Amin, A.[Adnan],
Recognition of hand-printed characters based on structural description and inductive logic programming,
PRL(24), No. 16, December 2003, pp. 3187-3196.
Elsevier DOI 0310
BibRef
Earlier: ICDAR01(333-337).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Bouslama, F.,
Neural Networks in the Recognition of Machine Printed Arabic Characters,
PRAI(13), No. 3, May 1999, pp. 395. BibRef 9905

Bouslama, F.,
Structural and Fuzzy Techniques in the Recognition of Online Arabic Characters,
PRAI(13), No. 7, November 1999, pp. 1027. 0005
BibRef

Bazzi, I., Schwartz, R., Makhoul, J.,
An Omnifont Open-Vocabulary OCR System for English and Arabic,
PAMI(21), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 495-504.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9906

Bazzi, I., La Pre, C., Makhoul, J., Raphael, C., Schwartz, R.,
Omnifont and Unlimited-Vocabulary OCR for English and Arabic,
ICDAR97(842-846).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Schwartz, R., La Pre, C., Makhoul, J., Raphael, C., Zhao, Y.,
Language-Independent OCR Using a Continuous Speech Recognition System,
ICPR96(III: 99-103).
IEEE DOI 9608
(BBN Systems and Technologies, USA) BibRef

La Pre, C., Zhao, Y., Schwartz, R., Makhoul, J.,
Multi-Font Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition Using the BBN Byblos Speech Recognition System,
ICASSP96(XX) BBN Systems and Technologies. BibRef 9600

Ismail, M.A., Gad, S.[Samia],
Off-line arabic signature recognition and verification,
PR(33), No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1727-1740.
Elsevier DOI 0006
BibRef

Omar, A.M.[Ahmed M.], Ghanem, N.M.[Nagia M.], Ismail, M.A.[Mohamed A.], Ghanem, S.M.[Sahar M.],
Arabic-Latin Offline Signature Recognition Based on Shape Context Descriptor,
CVS15(24-33).
Springer DOI 1507
BibRef

Cheung, A., Bennamoun, M., Bergmann, N.W.,
An Arabic optical character recognition system using recognition-based segmentation,
PR(34), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 215-233.
Elsevier DOI 0011
BibRef

Kharma, N.N.[Nawwaf N.], Ward, R.K.[Rabab K.],
A novel invariant mapping applied to hand-written Arabic character recognition,
PR(34), No. 11, November 2001, pp. 2115-2120.
Elsevier DOI 0108
BibRef

Al-Ohali, Y.[Yousef], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Suen, C.[Ching],
Databases for recognition of handwritten Arabic cheques,
PR(36), No. 1, January 2003, pp. 111-121.
Elsevier DOI 0210
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S.,
Recognising handwritten Arabic manuscripts using a single hidden Markov model,
PRL(24), No. 14, October 2003, pp. 2235-2242.
Elsevier DOI 0307
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S.,
Offline recognition of omnifont Arabic text using the HMM ToolKit (HTK),
PRL(28), No. 12, 1 September 2007, pp. 1563-1571.
Elsevier DOI 0707
Document analysis; Pattern analysis and recognition; Machine vision; Arabic OCR; HTK BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S.,
Mono-font Cursive Arabic Text Recognition Using Speech Recognition System,
SSPR06(755-763).
Springer DOI 0608
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S., Al-Omari, H.,
A Markovian Engine for Text Recognition: Cursive Arabic Text, Statistical Features and Interconnected HMMs,
ICIAR12(I: 375-381).
Springer DOI 1206
BibRef

Khorsheed, M.S., Clocksin, W.F.,
Multi-font Arabic Word Recognition Using Spectral Features,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 543-546).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef
Earlier:
Structural Features of Cursive Arabic Script,
BMVC99(Posters/Exhibition/Demos).
PDF File. BibRef

Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri], Bouslama, F.[Faouzi],
Classification of Arabic script using multiple sources of information: State of the art and perspectives,
IJDAR(5), No. 4, July 2003, pp. 195-212.
Springer DOI 0308
BibRef

Ben Amara, N.E., Belad, A., Ellouze, N.,
Utilisation des modeles markoviens en reconnaissance de l'ecriture arabe: Etat de l'art,
CIFED2000(181-191). BibRef 0001

Al-Alawi, R.[Raida],
FPGA Implementation of Pyramidal Weightless Neural Networks Learning System,
IJNS(13), No. 4, 2003, pp. 225-237.
HTML Version. BibRef 0300

Al-Alawi, R.,
A Neural Network Recognition System for Isolated Handwritten Arabic Characters,
ICANN/ICONIP03(262-265). Istanbul, Turkey, June 26-29, 2003. BibRef 0306

Zheng, L.Y.[Li-Ying], Hassin, A.H.[Abbas H.], Tang, X.L.[Xiang-Long],
A new algorithm for machine printed Arabic character segmentation,
PRL(25), No. 15, November 2004, pp. 1723-1729.
Elsevier DOI 0411
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
A new representation of shape and its use for high performance in online Arabic character recognition by an associative memory,
IJDAR(7), No. 4, September 2005, pp. 201-210.
Springer DOI 0512
BibRef
Earlier:
A new representation of character shape and its use in on-line character recognition by a self organizing map,
ICIP04(III: 2123-2126).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar],
Pattern classification by a Gibbsian Kohonen neural network with an application to Arabic character recognition,
IPTA08(1-5).
IEEE DOI 0811
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Mitiche, A.[Amar],
Combination of pruned Kohonen maps for on-line Arabic characters recognition,
ICDAR03(900-904).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
On-line recognition of handwritten Arabic characters using a Kohonen neural network,
FHR02(490-495).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Reconnaissance en-Ligne de Caractères Arabes Manuscrits par un Réseau de Kohonen,
VI02(186).
PDF File. 0208
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Bayes Classification of Online Arabic Characters by Gibbs Modeling of Class Conditional Densities,
PAMI(30), No. 7, July 2008, pp. 1121-1131.
IEEE DOI 0806
BibRef

Mezghani, N.[Neila], Mitiche, A.[Amar],
A Gibbsian Kohonen Network for Online Arabic Character Recognition,
ISVC08(II: 493-500).
Springer DOI 0812
BibRef

Lorigo, L.M., Govindaraju, V.,
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: A Survey,
PAMI(28), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 712-724.
IEEE DOI 0604
Survey, Arabic. BibRef
Earlier:
Segmentation and pre-recognition of Arabic handwriting,
ICDAR05(II: 605-609).
IEEE DOI 0508
Includes recognition rates on test data. BibRef

ERIM Arabic Document Database,
Machine printed Arabic documents. Dataset, OCR. Dataset, Arabic.
HTML Version.

Chang, Y.[Yi], Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Zhang, Y.[Ying], Yang, J.[Jie],
An image-based automatic Arabic translation system,
PR(42), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 2127-2134.
Elsevier DOI 0905
Text detection; Image classification; OCR; Error correction BibRef

Sternby, J.[Jakob], Morwing, J.[Jonas], Andersson, J.[Jonas], Friberg, C.[Christer],
On-line Arabic handwriting recognition with templates,
PR(42), No. 12, December 2009, pp. 3278-3286.
Elsevier DOI 0909
On-line; HWR; Arabic; Template; Modeling; Branch-and-bound; Diacritic; Graph; Trie BibRef

Moussa, S.B.[Sami Ben], Zahour, A.[Abderrazak], Benabdelhafid, A.[Abdellatif], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
New features using fractal multi-dimensions for generalized Arabic font recognition,
PRL(31), No. 5, 1 April 2010, pp. 361-371.
Elsevier DOI 1002
Optical font recognition; Fractal features; Texture analysis; OCR; Arabic written BibRef

Al Hamad, H.A.[Husam A.], Zitar, R.A.[Raed Abu],
Development of an efficient neural-based segmentation technique for Arabic handwriting recognition,
PR(43), No. 8, August 2010, pp. 2773-2798.
Elsevier DOI 1006
Segmentation; Handwritten; Arabic BibRef

Selamat, A., Ng, C.C.,
Arabic script web page language identifications using decision tree neural networks,
PR(44), No. 1, January 2011, pp. 133-144.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Adaptive neural networks; Decision tree; ARTMAP; Language identification; Arabic script web documents BibRef

Abdel-Raouf, A.[Ashraf], Higgins, C.A.[Colin A.], Pridmore, T.[Tony], Khalil, M.[Mahmoud],
Building a multi-modal Arabic corpus (MMAC),
IJDAR(13), No. 4, December 2010, pp. 285-302.
WWW Link. 1101
BibRef

Abdel-Raouf, A.[Ashraf], Higgins, C.A.[Colin A.], Khalil, M.[Mahmoud],
A Database for Arabic Printed Character Recognition,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0806
BibRef

El Abed, H.[Haikal], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Märgner, V.[Volker], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
On-line Arabic handwriting recognition competition: ADAB database and participating systems,
IJDAR(14), No. 1, March 2011, pp. 15-23.
WWW Link. 1103
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2, A4:
ICDAR 2009 Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR09(1388-1392).
IEEE DOI 0907
Evaluation, Arabic Handwriting. Survey, Arabic Handwriting. BibRef

Slimane, F.[Fouad], Kanoun, S.[Slim], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
ICDAR2013 Competition on Multi-font and Multi-size Digitally Represented Arabic Text,
ICDAR13(1433-1437)
IEEE DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
ICDAR 2011: Arabic Recognition Competition: Multi-font Multi-size Digitally Represented Text,
ICDAR11(1449-1453).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Kherallah, M.[Monji], Tagougui, N.[Najiba], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Margner, V.[Volker],
Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR11(1454-1458).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

El Abed, H.[Haikal], Märgner, V.[Volker],
ICDAR 2009 Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
IJDAR(14), No. 1, March 2011, pp. 3-13.
WWW Link. 1103
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1: ICDAR09(1383-1387).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Margner, V.[Volker], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
ICDAR 2011: Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR11(1444-1448).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Margner, V., Pechwitz, M., El Abed, H.[Haikal],
ICDAR 2005 Arabic handwriting recognition competition,
ICDAR05(I: 70-74).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Tagougui, N.[Najiba], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Online Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey,
IJDAR(16), No. 3, September 2013, pp. 209-226.
Springer DOI 1309
Survey, Arabic Handwriting. BibRef

Al Khateeb, J.H.[Jawad H.], Ren, J.C.[Jin-Chang], Jiang, J.M.[Jian-Min], Al-Muhtaseb, H.[Husni],
Offline handwritten Arabic cursive text recognition using Hidden Markov Models and re-ranking,
PRL(32), No. 8, 1 June 2011, pp. 1081-1088.
Elsevier DOI 1101
Off-line Arabic handwritten recognition; Hidden Markov Models (HMM); Re-ranking; Machine learning BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Heigold, G.[Georg], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Confidence- and margin-based MMI/MPE discriminative training for off-line handwriting recognition,
IJDAR(14), No. 3, September 2011, pp. 273-288.
WWW Link. 1109
BibRef
Earlier:
Confidence-Based Discriminative Training for Model Adaptation in Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(596-600).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Rybach, D.[David], Gollan, C.[Christian], Ney, H.[Hermann],
Writer Adaptive Training and Writing Variant Model Refinement for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(21-25).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Chherawala, Y.[Youssouf], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
W-TSV: Weighted topological signature vector for lexicon reduction in handwritten Arabic documents,
PR(45), No. 9, September 2012, pp. 3277-3287.
Elsevier DOI 1206
Lexicon reduction; Arabic handwritten documents; Ancient documents; Weighted topological signature vector (W-TSV); Graph indexing; IFN/ENIT; Ibn Sina database BibRef

Miled, H., Olivier, C., Cheriet, M., Lecourtier, Y.,
Coupling Observation/Letter for a Markovian Modelisation Applied to the Recognition of Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR97(580-583).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Märgner, V.[Volker], El Abed, H.[Haikal], (Eds.)
Guide to OCR for Arabic Scripts,
Springer2012. ISBN 978-1-4471-4071-9

Parvez, M.T.[Mohammad Tanvir], Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.],
Arabic handwriting recognition using structural and syntactic pattern attributes,
PR(46), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 141-154.
Elsevier DOI 1209
Arabic handwriting recognition; Structural recognition; Arabic OCR; Nearest neighbors; Median computation BibRef

Parvez, M.T.[Mohammad Tanvir], Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.],
Offline arabic handwritten text recognition: A Survey,
Surveys(45), No. 2, February 2013, pp. Article No 23.
DOI Link 1303
Survey, Handwritting, Arabic. BibRef

Alginahi, Y.M.[Yasser M.],
A survey on Arabic character segmentation,
IJDAR(16), No. 2, June 2013, pp. 105-126.
WWW Link. 1306
Survey, Arabic Characters. BibRef

Saabni, R.M.[Raid M.], El-Sana, J.A.[Jihad A.],
Comprehensive synthetic Arabic database for on/off-line script recognition research,
IJDAR(16), No. 3, September 2013, pp. 285-294.
WWW Link. 1309
BibRef

Elzobi, M.[Moftah], Al-Hamadi, A.[Ayoub], Al Aghbari, Z.[Zaher], Dings, L.[Laslo],
IESK-ArDB: a database for handwritten Arabic and an optimized topological segmentation approach,
IJDAR(16), No. 3, September 2013, pp. 295-308.
Springer DOI 1309
BibRef

Elzobi, M.[Moftah], Al-Hamadi, A.[Ayoub], Dings, L.[Laslo], El-Etriby, S.[Sherif],
CRFs and HCRFs Based Recognition for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting,
ISVC15(II: 337-346).
Springer DOI 1601
BibRef

Lutf, M.[Mohammed], You, X.G.[Xin-Ge], Cheung, Y.M.[Yiu-Ming], Chen, C.L.P.[C.L. Philip],
Arabic font recognition based on diacritics features,
PR(47), No. 2, 2014, pp. 672-684.
Elsevier DOI 1311
Font recognition BibRef

Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.], Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Al-Khatib, W.G.[Wasfi G.], Alshayeb, M.[Mohammad], Parvez, M.T.[Mohammad Tanvir], Märgner, V.[Volker], Fink, G.A.[Gernot A.],
KHATT: An open Arabic offline handwritten text database,
PR(47), No. 3, 2014, pp. 1096-1112.
Elsevier DOI 1312
Dataset, Arabic Text. Arabic handwritten text database BibRef

Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.], Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Alshayeb, M.[Mohammad], Al-Khatib, W.G.[Wasfi G.], Parvez, M.T.[Mohammad Tanvir], Fink, G.A.[Gernot A.], Margner, V.[Volker], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
KHATT: Arabic Offline Handwritten Text Database,
FHR12(449-454).
IEEE DOI 1302
Dataset, Handwritting, Arabic. BibRef

Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.], Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Alshayeb, M.[Mohammed], Al-Khatib, W.G.[Wasfi G.],
A Database for Offline Arabic Handwritten Text Recognition,
ICIAR11(II: 397-406).
Springer DOI 1106
BibRef

Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.],
Arabic Bank Check Analysis and Zone Extraction,
ICIAR12(I: 141-148).
Springer DOI 1206
BibRef

Luqman, H.[Hamzah], Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.], Awaida, S.[Sameh],
KAFD Arabic font database,
PR(47), No. 6, 2014, pp. 2231-2240.
Elsevier DOI 1403
Arabic font database BibRef

Chherawala, Y.[Youssouf], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Arabic word descriptor for handwritten word indexing and lexicon reduction,
PR(47), No. 10, 2014, pp. 3477-3486.
Elsevier DOI 1406
Arabic word descriptor BibRef

Chherawala, Y.[Youssouf], Wisnovsky, R.[Robert], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Sparse descriptor for lexicon reduction in handwritten Arabic documents,
ICPR12(3729-3732).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Elarian, Y.[Yousef], Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Awaida, S.[Sameh], Al-Khatib, W.G.[Wasfi G.], Zidouri, A.[Abdelmalek],
An Arabic handwriting synthesis system,
PR(48), No. 3, 2015, pp. 849-861.
Elsevier DOI 1412
Arabic handwriting BibRef

Abdi, M.N.[Mohamed Nidhal], Khemakhem, M.[Maher],
A model-based approach to offline text-independent Arabic writer identification and verification,
PR(48), No. 5, 2015, pp. 1890-1903.
Elsevier DOI 1502
Writer identification and verification BibRef

Abandah, G.A.[Gheith A.], Graves, A.[Alex], Al-Shagoor, B.[Balkees], Arabiyat, A.[Alaa], Jamour, F.[Fuad], Al-Taee, M.[Majid],
Automatic diacritization of Arabic text using recurrent neural networks,
IJDAR(18), No. 2, June 2015, pp. 183-197.
Springer DOI 1506
BibRef

Mousa, M.A.A.[Mahmoud A. A.], Sayed, M.S.[Mohammed S.], Abdalla, M.I.[Mahmoud I.],
An efficient algorithm for Arabic optical font recognition using scale-invariant detector,
IJDAR(18), No. 3, September 2015, pp. 263-270.
Springer DOI 1509
BibRef

Fouladi, K.[Kazim], Araabi, B.N.[Babak N.],
Toward automatic development of handwritten personal Farsi/Arabic OpenType ® fonts,
IJDAR(18), No. 3, September 2015, pp. 249-262.
Springer DOI 1509
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Chergui, L.[Leila], Kef, M.[Maamar],
SIFT descriptors for Arabic handwriting recognition,
IJCVR(5), No. 4, 2015, pp. 441-461.
DOI Link 1511
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Earlier:
A Serial Combination of Neural Network for Arabic OCR,
ICISP14(297-303).
Springer DOI 1406
BibRef

Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.], Fink, G.A.[Gernot A.],
Open-vocabulary recognition of machine-printed Arabic text using hidden Markov models,
PR(51), No. 1, 2016, pp. 97-111.
Elsevier DOI 1601
Optical character recognition BibRef

Chherawala, Y., Roy, P.P., Cheriet, M.,
Feature Set Evaluation for Offline Handwriting Recognition Systems: Application to the Recurrent Neural Network Model,
Cyber(46), No. 12, December 2016, pp. 2825-2836.
IEEE DOI 1612
BibRef
Earlier:
Feature Design for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: Handcrafted vs Automated?,
ICDAR13(290-294)
IEEE DOI 1312
feature extraction BibRef

Menasri, F., Vincent, N., Cheriet, M., Augustin, E.,
Shape-Based Alphabet for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR07(969-973).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Visual Recognition of Arabic Handwriting: Challenges and New Directions,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
BibRef

Yousfi, S.[Sonia], Berrani, S.A.[Sid-Ahmed], Garcia, C.[Christophe],
Contribution of recurrent connectionist language models in improving LSTM-based Arabic text recognition in videos,
PR(64), No. 1, 2017, pp. 245-254.
Elsevier DOI 1701
BibRef
Earlier:
Deep learning and recurrent connectionist-based approaches for Arabic text recognition in videos,
ICDAR15(1026-1030)
IEEE DOI 1511
Connectionist language model BibRef

Lamghari, N.[Nidal], Raghay, S.[Said],
DBAHCL: database for Arabic handwritten characters and ligatures,
MultInfoRetr(6), No. 3, September 2017, pp. 263-269.
Springer DOI 1708
Dataset, Arabic Characters. BibRef

Sepahvand, M., Abdali-Mohammadi, F., Mardukhi, F.,
Evolutionary Metric-Learning-Based Recognition Algorithm for Online Isolated Persian/Arabic Characters, Reconstructed Using Inertial Pen Signals,
Cyber(47), No. 9, September 2017, pp. 2872-2884.
IEEE DOI 1708
Character recognition, Classification algorithms, Feature extraction, Handwriting recognition, Measurement, Sensors, Signal processing algorithms, Character recognition, evolutionary algorithms, geometrical feature, inertial sensor, metric learning. BibRef

Al-Helali, B.M.[Baligh M.], Mahmoud, S.A.[Sabri A.],
Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR): A Survey,
Surveys(50), No. 3, October 2017, pp. Article No 33.
DOI Link 1710
Survey, Arabic Handwriting. This article comprehensively surveys Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR). We address the challenges posed by online handwriting recognition, including ligatures, dots and diacritic problems, online/offline touching of text, and geometric variations. BibRef

Elanwar, R.[Randa], Qin, W.[Wenda], Betke, M.[Margrit],
Making scanned Arabic documents machine accessible using an ensemble of SVM classifiers,
IJDAR(21), No. 1-2, June 2018, pp. 59-75.
Springer DOI 1806
BibRef

Doush, I.A.[Iyad Abu], Alkhateeb, F.[Faisal], Gharaibeh, A.H.[Anwaar Hamdi],
A novel Arabic OCR post-processing using rule-based and word context techniques,
IJDAR(21), No. 1-2, June 2018, pp. 77-89.
Springer DOI 1806
BibRef

Zayene, O.[Oussama], Touj, S.M.[Sameh Masmoudi], Hennebert, J.[Jean], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri],
Multi-dimensional long short-term memory networks for artificial Arabic text recognition in news video,
IET-CV(12), No. 5, August 2018, pp. 710-719.
DOI Link 1807
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2, A4, A5:
A dataset for Arabic text detection, tracking and recognition in news videos- AcTiV,
ICDAR15(996-1000)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5:
Semi-automatic news video annotation framework for Arabic text,
IPTA14(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1503
XML Arabic text; Benchmark; Video OCR; Video database BibRef

Hifny, Y.[Yasser],
Hybrid LSTM/MaxEnt Networks for Arabic Syntactic Diacritics Restoration,
SPLetters(25), No. 10, October 2018, pp. 1515-1519.
IEEE DOI 1810
Text to speech. Syntactics, Tagging, Feature extraction, Logic gates, Hidden Markov models, Computer aided software engineering, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks BibRef

Bougamouza, F.[Fateh], Hazmoune, S.[Samira], Benmohammed, M.[Mohamed],
Normalisation of handwriting speed for online Arabic characters recognition,
IJCVR(8), No. 6, 2018, pp. 591-605.
DOI Link 1810
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Adam, K.[Kalthoum], Baig, A.[Asim], Al-Maadeed, S.[Somaya], Bouridane, A.[Ahmed], El-Menshawy, S.[Sherine],
KERTAS: dataset for automatic dating of ancient Arabic manuscripts,
IJDAR(21), No. 4, December 2018, pp. 283-290.
Springer DOI 1810
BibRef

Jemni, S.K.[Sana Khamekhem], Kessentini, Y.[Yousri], Kanoun, S.[Slim],
Out of vocabulary word detection and recovery in Arabic handwritten text recognition,
PR(93), 2019, pp. 507-520.
Elsevier DOI 1906
Arabic Handwriting recognition, Out of vocabulary detection and recovery, Static lexicon, Multi-dimensional long short term memory network BibRef

Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Fink, G.A.[Gernot A.],
Handwritten Arabic text recognition using multi-stage sub-core-shape HMMs,
IJDAR(22), No. 3, September 2019, pp. 329-349.
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef
Earlier:
Multi-stage HMM based Arabic text recognition with rescoring,
ICDAR15(751-755)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef
And:
Training an Arabic handwriting recognizer without a handwritten training data set,
ICDAR15(476-480)
IEEE DOI 1511
Arabic text recognition. HMM adaptation BibRef

Ahmad, I., Rothacker, L., Fink, G.A., Mahmoud, S.A.,
Novel Sub-character HMM Models for Arabic Text Recognition,
ICDAR13(658-662)
IEEE DOI 1312
handwritten character recognition BibRef

Elarian, Y.[Yousef], Ahmad, I.[Irfan], Awaida, S.[Sameh], Al-Khatib, W.[Wasfi], Zidouri, A.[Abdelmalek],
Arabic ligatures: Analysis and application in text recognition,
ICDAR15(896-900)
IEEE DOI 1511
Arabic Ligatures BibRef

Hifny, Y.,
Open Vocabulary Arabic Diacritics Restoration,
SPLetters(26), No. 10, October 2019, pp. 1421-1425.
IEEE DOI 1909
natural language processing, speech processing, speech recognition, text analysis, vocabulary, Arabic text, arabic diacritics restoration BibRef

Omari, M.[Mohammed], Jaafri, Y.O.[Yamina Ouled], Dlim, R.[Rekia],
Comparative Performance Analysis of Enhancement Methods Applied to Arabic Manuscripts,
IJIG(20), No. 2, April 2020, pp. 2050013.
DOI Link 2005
BibRef

Ibn-Khedher, M.[Mohamed], Jmila, H.[Houda], El-Yacoubi, M.A.[Mounim A.],
Automatic processing of Historical Arabic Documents: A comprehensive Survey,
PR(100), 2020, pp. 107144.
Elsevier DOI 2005
Survey, Arabic Documents. Historical Arabic Documents, Writer identification, Data retrieval, Text analysis, Text recognition, Survey on Historical Arabic Documents BibRef

Elaiwat, S.[Said],
Holistic word descriptor for lexicon reduction in handwritten arabic documents,
PR(119), 2021, pp. 108072.
Elsevier DOI 2108
Word descriptor, Local shape descriptor, Lexicon reduction, Multi-scale representation, Contour matching, BibRef

Elkhayati, M.[Mohsine], Elkettani, Y.[Youssfi], Mourchid, M.[Mohammed],
Segmentation of Handwritten Arabic Graphemes Using a Directed Convolutional Neural Network and Mathematical Morphology Operations,
PR(122), 2022, pp. 108288.
Elsevier DOI 2112
handwritten Arabic graphemes segmentation, directed convolutional neural network, global erosion BibRef

Gagaoua, M.[Meriem], Ghilas, H.[Hamza], Tari, A.[Abdelkamel], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Histogram of Marked Background (HMB) Feature Extraction Method for Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
IJIG(22), No. 2, April 2022, pp. 2250015.
DOI Link 2205
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Zoizou, A.[Abdelhay], Zarghili, A.[Arsalane], Chaker, I.[Ilham],
MOJ-DB: A new database of Arabic historical handwriting and a novel approach for subwords extraction,
PRL(159), 2022, pp. 54-60.
Elsevier DOI 2206
Subword extraction, Arabic handwriting recognition, Arabic historical text, Database construction BibRef

Shamardan, H.[Hossam], Hifny, Y.[Yasser],
Arabic Diacritics Restoration Using Maximum Entropy Language Models,
SPLetters(30), 2023, pp. 1227-1231.
IEEE DOI 2310
BibRef

Boudchiche, M., Mazroui, A.,
Improving the Arabic root extraction by using the quadratic splines,
ISCV18(1-5)
IEEE DOI 1807
information retrieval, natural language processing, splines (mathematics), text analysis, Quadratic Splines BibRef

Boufenar, C., Batouche, M.,
Investigation on deep learning for off-line handwritten Arabic Character Recognition using Theano research platform,
ISCV17(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1710
feature extraction, handwritten character recognition, Arabic writing, BibRef

Iwata, S., Ohyama, W., Wakabayashi, T., Kimura, F.,
Recognition and transition frame detection of Arabic news captions for video retrieval,
ICPR16(4005-4010)
IEEE DOI 1705
Character recognition, Image edge detection, Image resolution, Image segmentation, Optical character recognition software, Text recognition, Arabic word recognition, Combing noise, Moving news caption, News caption recognition, OCR, Video, retrieval BibRef

Zayene, O., Hajjej, N., Touj, S.M., Mansour, S.B., Hennebert, J., Ingold, R., Amara, N.E.B.,
ICPR2016 contest on Arabic Text detection and Recognition in video frames - AcTiVComp,
ICPR16(187-191)
IEEE DOI 1705
Erbium, High definition video, Image color analysis, Measurement, Protocols, Text recognition, AcTiV dataset, ICPR contest, VOCR, overlay Arabic text, text detection, text, recognition BibRef

Nakkach, H., Hichri, S., Haboubi, S., Amiri, H.,
Ontology-Based Approach for Online Arabic Character Recognition,
CGiV16(200-205)
IEEE DOI 1608
XML BibRef

Nakkach, H., Hichri, S., Haboubi, S., Amiri, H.,
Hybrid Approach to Features Extraction for Online Arabic Character Recognition,
CGiV16(253-258)
IEEE DOI 1608
feature extraction BibRef

Tounsi, M.[Maroua], Moalla, I.[Ikram], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Lebouregois, F.[Frank],
Arabic characters recognition in natural scenes using sparse coding for feature representations,
ICDAR15(1036-1040)
IEEE DOI 1511
Arabic Scene Character Recognition BibRef

Yousfi, S.[Sonia], Berrani, S.A.[Sid-Ahmed], Garcia, C.[Christophe],
ALIF: A dataset for Arabic embedded text recognition in TV broadcast,
ICDAR15(1221-1225)
IEEE DOI 1511
Arabic;Embedded text recognition;dataset;video OCR BibRef

Pavlov, V.A.[Vladislav A.], Shalymov, D.S.[Dmitry S.],
Arabic handwritten texts clusterization based on Feature Relation Graph (FRG),
ICDAR15(941-945)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Scharwachter, E.[Erik], Vogel, S.[Stephan],
Solving substitution ciphers for OCR with a semi-supervised hidden Markov model,
ICDAR15(11-15)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Stahlberg, F.[Felix], Vogel, S.[Stephan],
Detecting dense foreground stripes in Arabic handwriting for accurate baseline positioning,
ICDAR15(361-365)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Chammas, E.[Edgard], Mokbel, C.[Chafic], Likforman-Sulem, L.[Laurence],
Arabic handwritten document preprocessing and recognition,
ICDAR15(451-455)
IEEE DOI 1511
Arabic Handwriting Recognition BibRef

Stahlberg, F.[Felix], Vogel, S.[Stephan],
The QCRI Recognition System for Handwritten Arabic,
CIAP15(II:276-286).
Springer DOI 1511
BibRef

Elleuch, M.[Mohamed], Tagougui, N.[Najiba], Kherallah, M.[Monji],
Deep Learning for Feature Extraction of Arabic Handwritten Script,
CAIP15(II:371-382).
Springer DOI 1511
BibRef

Yousfi, S.[Sonia], Berrani, S.A.[Sid-Ahmed], Garcia, C.[Christophe],
Arabic text detection in videos using neural and boosting-based approaches: Application to video indexing,
ICIP14(3028-3032)
IEEE DOI 1502
Boosting BibRef

Fecker, D.[Daniel], Asit, A.[Abedelkadir], Margner, V.[Volker], El-Sana, J.[Jihad], Fingscheidt, T.[Tim],
Writer Identification for Historical Arabic Documents,
ICPR14(3050-3055)
IEEE DOI 1412
Accuracy BibRef

Dinges, L., Al-Hamadi, A., Elzobi, M.,
An Approach for Arabic Handwriting Synthesis Based on Active Shape Models,
ICDAR13(1260-1264)
IEEE DOI 1312
affine transforms BibRef

Parvez, M.T., Mahmoud, S.A.,
Lexicon Reduction Using Segment Descriptors for Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR13(1265-1269)
IEEE DOI 1312
handwriting recognition BibRef

Hamdani, M., Mousa, A.E.D., Ney, H.,
Open Vocabulary Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Morphological Decomposition,
ICDAR13(280-284)
IEEE DOI 1312
handwriting recognition BibRef

Dinges, L., Al-Hamadi, A., Elzobi, M.,
A Locale Group Based Line Segmentation Approach for Non Uniform Skewed and Curved Arabic Handwritings,
ICDAR13(803-806)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Elzobi, M., Al-Hamadi, A., Dings, L., Elmezain, M., Saeed, A.,
A Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach with an Adaptive Threshold Model for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR13(945-949)
IEEE DOI 1312
feature extraction BibRef

Chen, J.Y.[Jin-Ying], Prasad, R., Cao, H.G.[Huai-Gu], Natarajan, P.,
Detecting OOV Names in Arabic Handwritten Data,
ICDAR13(994-998)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Su, B.[Bing], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
A Novel Baseline-independent Feature Set for Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR13(1250-1254)
IEEE DOI 1312
feature extraction BibRef

Chtourou, I.[Imen], Rouhou, A.C.[Ahmed Cheikh], Jaiem, F.K.[Faten Kallel], Kanoun, S.[Slim],
ALTID : Arabic/Latin Text Images Database for recognition research,
ICDAR15(836-840)
IEEE DOI 1511
handwritten document images;multi-font;multi-script;offline database BibRef

Jaiem, F.K.[Faten Kallel], Kanoun, S.[Slim],
Database for Arabic Printed Text Recognition Research,
CIAP13(I:251-259).
Springer DOI 1311
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Rashwan, A.M.[Abdullah M.], Kamel, M.S.[Mohamed S.], Karray, F.[Fakhri],
An Arabic Optical Character Recognition System Using Restricted Boltzmann Machines,
CIARP13(II:108-115).
Springer DOI 1311
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Li, N.[Ning], Xie, X.D.[Xu-Dong], Liu, W.T.[Wen-Tao], Lam, K.M.[Kin-Man],
Combination of global and local baseline-independent features for offline Arabic handwriting recognition,
ICPR12(713-716).
WWW Link. 1302
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Cao, H.G.[Huai-Gu], Chen, J.Y.[Jin-Ying], Devlin, J.[Jacob], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Document recognition and translation system for unconstrained Arabic documents,
ICPR12(318-321).
WWW Link. 1302
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Porwal, U.[Utkarsh], Zhou, Y.[Yingbo], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Handwritten Arabic text recognition using Deep Belief Networks,
ICPR12(302-305).
WWW Link. 1302
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Slimane, F.[Fouad], Zayene, O.[Oussama], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Hennebert, J.[Jean], Ingold, R.[Rolf],
New features for complex Arabic fonts in cascading recognition system,
ICPR12(738-741).
WWW Link. 1302
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Samoud, F.B.[Fadoua Bouafif], Maddouri, S.S.[Samia Snoussi], Amiri, H.[Hamid],
Three Evaluation Criteria's towards a Comparison of Two Characters Segmentation Methods for Handwritten Arabic Script,
FHR12(774-779).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Hassaine, A.[Abdelaali], Maadeed, S.A.[Somaya Al],
ICFHR 2012 Competition on Writer Identification Challenge 2: Arabic Scripts,
FHR12(835-840).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Rothacker, L.[Leonard], Vajda, S.[Szilard], Fink, G.A.[Gernot A.],
Bag-of-Features Representations for Offline Handwriting Recognition Applied to Arabic Script,
FHR12(149-154).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Kacem, A.[Afef], Aouiti, N.[Nadia], Belaid, A.[Abdel],
Structural Features Extraction for Handwritten Arabic Personal Names Recognition,
FHR12(268-273).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Mezghani, A.[Anis], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Khemakhem, M.[Maher], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
A Database for Arabic Handwritten Text Image Recognition and Writer Identification,
FHR12(399-402).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Al Maadeed, S.[Somaya], Ayouby, W.[Wael], Hassaine, A.[Abdelaali], Aljaam, J.M.[Jihad Mohamad],
QUWI: An Arabic and English Handwriting Dataset for Offline Writer Identification,
FHR12(746-751).
IEEE DOI 1302
Dataset, Arabic. BibRef

Djeddi, C.[Chawki], Souici-Meslati, L.[Labiba], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif],
Writer Recognition on Arabic Handwritten Documents,
ICISP12(493-501).
Springer DOI 1208
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Eraqi, H.M.[Hesham M.], Abdel Azeem, S.[Sherif],
A New Efficient Graphemes Segmentation Technique for Offline Arabic Handwriting,
FHR12(95-100).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Eraqi, H.M.[Hesham M.], Abdel Azeem, S.[Sherif],
HMM-based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: Using New Feature Extraction and Lexicon Ranking Techniques,
FHR12(554-559).
IEEE DOI 1302
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Abdel Azeem, S.[Sherif], Eraqi, H.M.[Hesham M.],
On-line Arabic Handwritten Personal Names Recognition System Based on HMM,
ICDAR11(1304-1308).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Earlier: A2, A1:
An On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System: Based on a New On-line Graphemes Segmentation Technique,
ICDAR11(409-413).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Ahmed, H.[Hany], Abdel Azeem, S.[Sherif],
On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System Based on HMM,
ICDAR11(1324-1328).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Natarajan, P.[Pradeep], Belanger, D.[David], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Kamali, M.[Matin], Subramanian, K.[Krishna], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Baseline Dependent Percentile Features for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR11(329-333).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Prasad, R.[Rohit], Kamali, M.[Matin], Belanger, D.[David], Rosti, A.V.[Antti-Veikko], Matsoukas, S.[Spyros], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Consensus Network Based Hypotheses Combination for Arabic Offline Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR10(2861-2864).
IEEE DOI 1008
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Saleem, S.[Shirin], Cao, H.[Huaigu], Subramanian, K.[Krishna], Kamali, M.[Matin], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Improvements in BBN's HMM-Based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition System,
ICDAR09(773-777).
IEEE DOI 0907
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Alja'am, J.M.[Jihad Mohamad], Jaoua, A.[Ali], Bouridane, A.[Ahmed],
The ICDAR2011 Arabic Writer Identification Contest,
ICDAR11(1470-1474).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Slimane, F.[Fouad], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
Impact of Character Models Choice on Arabic Text Recognition Performance,
FHR10(670-675).
IEEE DOI 1011
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And: A1, A3, A4, A2, A5:
Gaussian Mixture Models for Arabic Font Recognition,
ICPR10(2174-2177).
IEEE DOI 1008
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Njah, S.[Sourour], Bezine, H.[Hala], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
A New Encoding System: Application to On-line Arabic Handwriting,
FHR10(451-456).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Boukerma, H.[Hanene], Farah, N.[Nadir],
A Novel Arabic Baseline Estimation Algorithm Based on Sub-Words Treatment,
FHR10(335-338).
IEEE DOI 1011
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Margner, V.[Volker], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
ICFHR 2010: Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
FHR10(709-714).
IEEE DOI 1011
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El Abed, H.[Haikal], Märgner, V.[Volker],
How to Improve a Handwriting Recognition System,
ICDAR09(1181-1185).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Databases and Competitions: Strategies to Improve Arabic Recognition Systems,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
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Margner, V., El Abed, H.,
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition,
ICDAR07(1274-1278).
IEEE DOI 0709
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Lutf, M.[Mohammed], You, X.G.[Xin-Ge], Li, H.[Hong],
Offline Arabic Handwriting Identification Using Language Diacritics,
ICPR10(1912-1915).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Wshah, S.[Safwan], Govindaraju, V.[Venu], Cheng, Y.F.[Yan-Fen], Li, H.P.[Hui-Ping],
A Novel Lexicon Reduction Method for Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICPR10(2865-2868).
IEEE DOI 1008
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Boubaker, H.[Houcine], Chaabouni, A.[Aymen], Tagougui, N.[Najiba], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
Off-Line Features Integration for On-Line Handwriting Graphemes Modeling Improvement,
FHR12(69-74).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, Only:
Fuzzy Segmentation and Graphemes Modeling for Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
FHR10(695-700).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Boubaker, H.[Houcine], El Baati, A.[Abdelkarim], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], El-Abed, H.[Haikel],
Online Arabic Handwriting Modeling System Based on the Graphemes Segmentation,
ICPR10(2061-2064).
IEEE DOI 1008
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Zaki, T.[Taher], Mammass, D.[Driss], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif],
A Semantic Proximity Based System of Arabic Text Indexation,
ICISP10(419-427).
Springer DOI 1006
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Saabni, R.[Raid], El-Sana, J.[Jihad],
Hierarchical On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(867-871).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
And:
Efficient Generation of Comprehensive Database for Online Arabic Script Recognition,
ICDAR09(1231-1235).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Daifallah, K.[Khaled], Zarka, N.[Nizar], Jamous, H.[Hassan],
Recognition-Based Segmentation Algorithm for On-Line Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR09(886-890).
IEEE DOI 0907
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Shi, Z.X.[Zhi-Xin], Setlur, S.[Srirangaraj], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Image Enhancement for Degraded Binary Document Images,
ICDAR11(895-899).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef
Earlier:
Removing Rule-Lines from Binary Handwritten Arabic Document Images Using Directional Local Profile,
ICPR10(1916-1919).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef
Earlier:
A Steerable Directional Local Profile Technique for Extraction of Handwritten Arabic Text Lines,
ICDAR09(176-180).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
Earlier:
Text extraction from gray scale historical document images using adaptive local connectivity map,
ICDAR05(II: 794-798).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Shi, Z.X.[Zhi-Xin], Govindaraju, V.,
Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity normalization,
ICPR04(I: 473-476).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Wshah, S.[Safwan], Shi, Z.X.[Zhi-Xin], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton Segmentation,
ICDAR09(793-797).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Kumar, J.[Jayant], Doermann, D.S.[David S.],
Fast Rule-Line Removal Using Integral Images and Support Vector Machines,
ICDAR11(584-588).
IEEE DOI 1111
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Abd-Almageed, W.[Wael], Kumar, J.[Jayant], Doermann, D.S.[David S.],
Page Rule-Line Removal Using Linear Subspaces in Monochromatic Handwritten Arabic Documents,
ICDAR09(768-772).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Slimane, F.[Fouad], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols,
ICDAR09(946-950).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Boussellaa, W.[Wafa], Zahour, A.[Abderrazak], Elabed, H.[Haikal], Benabdelhafid, A.[Abdellatif], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Unsupervised Block Covering Analysis for Text-Line Segmentation of Arabic Ancient Handwritten Document Images,
ICPR10(1929-1932).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Chaabouni, A.[Aymen], Boubaker, H.[Houcine], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], El Abed, H.[Haikal],
Combining of Off-line and On-line Feature Extraction Approaches for Writer Identification,
ICDAR11(1299-1303).
IEEE DOI 1111
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And:
Multi-fractal Modeling for On-line Text-Independent Writer Identification,
ICDAR11(623-627).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef
Earlier:
Fractal and Multi-fractal for Arabic Offline Writer Identification,
ICPR10(3793-3796).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Elbaati, A.[Abdelkarim], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Temporal Order Recovery of the Scanned Handwriting,
ICDAR09(1116-1120).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Elbaati, A.[Abdelkarim], Boubaker, H.[Houcine], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Ennaji, A.[Abdellatif], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Restored Stroke Chronology,
ICDAR09(411-415).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Boubaker, H.[Houcine], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
New Algorithm of Straight or Curved Baseline Detection for Short Arabic Handwritten Writing,
ICDAR09(778-782).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Hamdani, M.[Mahdi], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Kherallah, M.[Monji], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition,
ICDAR09(201-205).
IEEE DOI 0907
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El Abed, H.[Haikal], Margner, V.[Volker],
A Framework for the Combination of Different Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition Systems,
ICPR10(1904-1907).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Boussellaa, W.[Wafa], Bougacha, A.[Aymen], Zahour, A.[Abderrazak], El Abed, H.[Haikal], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Enhanced Text Extraction from Arabic Degraded Document Images Using EM Algorithm,
ICDAR09(743-747).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Haboubi, S.[Sofiene], Maddouri, S.[Samia], Ellouze, N.[Noureddine], El Abed, H.[Hailkal],
Invariant Primitives for Handwritten Arabic Script: A Contrastive Study of Four Feature Sets,
ICDAR09(691-697).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Dreuw, P.[Philippe], Jonas, S.[Stephan], Ney, H.[Hermann],
White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Prasad, R.[Rohit], Saleem, S.[Shirin], Kamali, M.[Matin], Meermeier, R.[Ralf], Natarajan, P.[Prem],
Improvements in hidden Markov model based Arabic OCR,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Ben Cheikh, I., Belaid, A., Kacem, A.,
A novel approach for the recognition of a wide Arabic handwritten word lexicon,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Ben Cheikh, I., Kacem, A.,
Neural Network for the Recognition of Handwritten Tunisian City Names,
ICDAR07(1108-1112).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Ali, M.A.[Mohamed A.],
Arabic Handwritten Characters Classification Using Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm,
ICISP08(463-470).
Springer DOI 0807
BibRef

Amrouch, M., Elyassa, M., Rachidi, A., Mammass, D.,
Off-Line Arabic Handwritten Characters Recognition Based on a Hidden Markov Models,
ICISP08(447-454).
Springer DOI 0807
BibRef

Srihari, S.N.[Sargur N.], Ball, G.R.[Gregory R.], Srinivasan, H.[Harish],
Versatile Search of Scanned Arabic Handwriting,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
BibRef

Abdul Kader, A.[Ahmad],
A Two-Tier Arabic Offline Handwriting Recognition Based on Conditional Joining Rules,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
BibRef

Lopresti, D.P.[Daniel P.], Nagy, G.[George], Seth, S.C.[Sharad C.], Zhang, X.L.[Xiao-Li],
Multi-character Field Recognition for Arabic and Chinese Handwriting,
SACH06(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0609
BibRef

Ben Amor, N., Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri],
An Approach for Multifont Arabic Characters Features Extraction Based on Contourlet Transform,
ICDAR07(1048-1052).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Boussellaa, W., Zahour, A., Taconet, B., Alimi, A.M., Benabdelhafid, A.,
PRAAD: Preprocessing and Analysis Tool for Arabic Ancient Documents,
ICDAR07(1058-1062).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Khelifi, B.[Badreddine], Zaghden, N.[Nizar], Alimi, M.A.[Mohamed Adel], Mullot, R.[Remy],
Unsupervised categorization of heterogeneous text images based on fractals,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Benjelil, M.[Mohamed], Mullot, R.[Remy], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Language and Script Identification Based on Steerable Pyramid Features,
FHR12(716-721).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Benjelil, M.[Mohamed], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Mullot, R.[Rémy], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.],
Arabic and Latin Script Identification in Printed and Handwritten Types Based on Steerable Pyramid Features,
ICDAR09(591-595).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Jlaiel, M.B.[Mohamed Ben], Kanoun, S.[Slim], Alimi, A.M.[Adel Mohamed], Mullot, R.[Remy],
Three decision levels strategy for Arabic and Latin texts differentiation in printed and handwritten natures,
ICDAR07(1103-1107).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Kanoun, S., Ennaji, A., Lecourtier, Y., Alimi, A.M.,
Script and nature differentiation for Arabic and Latin text images,
FHR02(309-313).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef
And:
Linguistic integration information in the aabatas arabic text analysis system,
FHR02(389-394).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Gazzah, S., Ben Amara, N.E.[Najoua Essoukri],
Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the DWT-Lifting Scheme,
ICDAR07(1133-1137).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Zahour, A., Likforman-Sulem, L., Boussellaa, W., Taconet, B.,
Text Line Segmentation of Historical Arabic Documents,
ICDAR07(138-142).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Bulacu, M.[Marius], Schomaker, L.R.B.[Lambert R.B.], Brink, A.A.,
Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification on Offline Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR07(769-773).
IEEE DOI 0709

See also Towards robust writer verification by correcting unnatural slant.
See also Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification Using Textural and Allographic Features.
See also How Much Handwritten Text Is Needed for Text-Independent Writer Verification and Identification. BibRef

Attia, M.[Mohamed], El-Mahallawy, M.[Mohamed],
Histogram-Based Lines and Words Decomposition for Arabic Omni Font-Written OCR Systems; Enhancements and Evaluation,
CAIP07(522-530).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Zheng, L.Y.[Li-Ying],
Machine Printed Arabic Character Recognition Using S-GCM,
ICPR06(II: 893-896).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Farooq, F., Govindaraju, V.[Venu], Perrone, M.,
Pre-processing methods for handwritten Arabic documents,
ICDAR05(I: 267-271).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Chan, J.[Jim], Ziftci, C.[Celal], Forsyth, D.A.[David A.],
Searching Off-line Arabic Documents,
CVPR06(II: 1455-1462).
IEEE DOI 0606
BibRef

Ben Amor, N.[Nadia], Ben Amara, N.E.,
Combining a hybrid Approach for Features Selection and Hidden Markov Models in Multifont Arabic Characters Recognition,
DIAL06(103-107).
IEEE DOI 0604
BibRef

Xiu, P.P.[Ping-Ping], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing],
Multi-Queue Merging Scheme And Its Application in Arabic Script Segmentation,
DIAL06(24-29).
IEEE DOI 0604
BibRef

Xiu, P.P.[Ping-Ping], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wang, H.[Hua],
Offline Handwritten Arabic Character Segmentation with Probabilistic Model,
DAS06(402-412).
Springer DOI 0602
BibRef

El-Hajj, R., Likforman-Sulem, L., Mokbel, C.,
Arabic handwriting recognition using baseline dependant features and hidden Markov modeling,
ICDAR05(II: 893-897).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Kanoun, S.[Slim], Slimane, F.[Fouad], Guesmi, H.[Hanêne], Ingold, R.[Rolf], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Hennebert, J.[Jean],
Affixal Approach versus Analytical Approach for Off-Line Arabic Decomposable Vocabulary Recognition,
ICDAR09(661-665).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Kanoun, S., Alimi, A.M., Lecourtier, Y.,
Affixal approach for Arabic decomposable vocabulary recognition a validation on printed word in only one font,
ICDAR05(II: 1025-1029).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Pechwitz, M., Maergner, V.,
HMM based approach for handwritten Arabic word recognition using the IFN/ENIT - database,
ICDAR03(890-894).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Al Ma'adeed, S., Higgens, C.A., Elliman, D.,
Recognition of off-line handwritten Arabic words using hidden Markov model approach,
ICPR02(III: 481-484).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Sari, T., Souici, L., Sellami, M.,
Off-line handwritten Arabic character segmentation algorithm: ACSA,
FHR02(452-457).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Sari, T., Sellami, M.,
MOrpho-LEXical analysis for correcting OCR-genereted arabic words (MOLEX),
FHR02(461-466).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Pechwitz, M., Margner, V.,
Baseline estimation for Arabic handwritten words,
FHR02(479-484).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Margner, V., Pechwitz, M.,
Synthetic data for Arabic OCR system development,
ICDAR01(1159-1163).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Margner, V.,
SARAT-a system for the recognition of Arabic printed text,
ICPR92(II:561-564).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Al-Ma'adeed, S., Elliman, D., Higgins, C.A.,
A data base for arabic handwritten text recognition research,
FHR02(485-489).
IEEE Top Reference. 0209
BibRef

Al-Shaher, A.A.[Abdullah A.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Arabic Character Recognition Using Structural Shape Decomposition,
CAIP03(478-486).
Springer DOI 0311

See also Articulated Shape Mixtures for Object Recognition. BibRef

Al-Shaher, A.A., Hancock, E.R.,
Arabic Character Recognition with Shape Mixtures,
BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208
BibRef

Elgammal, A.M., and Ismail, M.A.,
A Graph-Based Segmentation and Feature-extraction Framework for Arabic Text Recognition,
ICDAR01(622-626).
IEEE DOI
PDF File. 0109
BibRef

Elgammal, A.M., Ismail, M.A.,
Techniques for language identification for hybrid Arabic-English document images,
ICDAR01(1100-1104).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Zahour, A., Taconet, B., Mercy, P., Ramdane, S.,
Arabic hand-written text-line extraction,
ICDAR01(281-285).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Djematene, A., Taconet, B., Zahour, A.,
A Geometrical Method for Printed and Handwritten Berber Character Recognition,
ICDAR97(564-567).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Alimi, A.M.,
An Evolutionary Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to Recognize On-Line Arabic Handwriting,
ICDAR97(382-386).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Hassibi, K.,
Recognition of Arabic Machine-Printed Cursive Text,
ICPR96(C73.16). 9608
(ADRG Mitek Systems, Inc., USA) BibRef

Zidouri, A.B.C., Chinveeraphan, S., Sato, M.,
Structural features by MCR expression for printed Arabic character recognition,
CIAP95(557-562).
Springer DOI 9509
BibRef

Douniwa, K., Chinveeraphan, S., Sato, M.,
MCR expression of document images based on maximum matching of bipartite graph,
ICPR92(III:117-121).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

El Gowely, K., El Dessouki, O., Nazif, A.,
Multi-phase recognition of multifont photoscript Arabic text,
ICPR90(I: 700-702).
IEEE DOI 9006
BibRef

Impedovo, S.,
Plane Curve Classification Through Fourier Descriptors: An Application to Arabic Hand-Written Numeral Recognition,
ICPR84(1069-1072). BibRef 8400

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Arabic Recognition, Word Level, Word Spotting .