25.2.2.3.6 Find Text in Video Scenes

Chapter Contents (Back)
Scene Text. Video Analysis. Video Text.
See also Recognize Text, Read Text from Signs in General Scenes.
See also Video Analysis -- Captions, Text, Video Text.

Jain, A.K.[Anil K.], Yu, B.[Bin],
Automatic Text Location in Images and Video Frames,
PR(31), No. 12, December 1998, pp. 2055-2076.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9812
Earlier: ICPR98(Vol II: 1497-1499).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Li, H.P.[Hui-Ping], Doermann, D.S.[David S.], Kia, O.[Omid],
Automatic Text Detection and Tracking in Digital Video,
IP(9), No. 1, January 2000, pp. 147-156.
IEEE DOI 0001
BibRef
And: UMD--TR3962, December 1998. Neural Networks and Wavelets.
WWW Link. BibRef

Kang, L.[Le], Li, Y.[Yi], Doermann, D.S.[David S.],
Orientation Robust Text Line Detection in Natural Images,
CVPR14(4034-4041)
IEEE DOI 1409
higher-order correlation clustering;text detection BibRef

Li, H.P., Doermann, D.S.,
A Video Text Detection System Based on Automated Training,
ICPR00(Vol II: 223-226).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Doermann, D.S.[David S.], Li, H.P.[Hui-Ping],
Automatic Identification of Text in Digital Video Key Frames,
ICPR98(Vol I: 129-132).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul],
Neural network-based text location in color images,
PRL(22), No. 14, December 2001, pp. 1503-1515.
Elsevier DOI 0110
BibRef

Jeong, K.Y.[Ki-Young], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, E.Y.[Eun Yi], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Neural Network-based Text Location for News Video Indexing,
ICIP99(III:319-323).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9900

Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, J.H.[Jin Hyung],
Texture-based approach for text detection in images using support vector machines and continuously adaptive mean shift algorithm,
PAMI(25), No. 12, December 2003, pp. 1631-1639.
IEEE Abstract. 0401
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Kurata, T., Kourogi, M., Han, J.H.[Jung-Hyun],
Text scanner with text detection technology on image sequences,
ICPR02(III: 473-476).
IEEE DOI 0211

See also Automatic text detection and removal in video sequences. BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, K.I.[Kwang In], Han, J.H.[Jung-Hyun],
Text extraction in real scene images on planar planes,
ICPR02(III: 469-472).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Han, J.H.[Jung-Hyun],
Hybrid approach to efficient text extraction in complex color images,
PRL(25), No. 6, 19 April 2004, pp. 679-699.
Elsevier DOI 0405
BibRef

Crandall, D.[David], Antani, S.[Sameer], Kasturi, R.[Rangachar],
Extraction of special effects caption text events from digital video,
IJDAR(5), No. 2-3, April 2003, pp. 138-157.
Springer DOI 0308
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1, A3:
Robust Extraction of Text in Video,
ICPR00(Vol I: 831-834).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Crandall, D., Kasturi, R.,
Robust detection of stylized text events in digital video,
ICDAR01(865-869).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Mariano, V.Y., Kasturi, R.,
Locating Uniform-colored Text in Video Frames,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 539-542).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Gandhi, T.[Tarak], Kasturi, R.[Rangachar], Antani, S.[Sameer],
Application of Planar Motion Segmentation for Scene Text Extraction,
ICPR00(Vol I: 445-449).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Wernicke, A.[Axel], Lienhart, R.[Rainer],
On the Segmentation of Text in Videos,
ICME00(WP5). 0007
BibRef

Kasturi, R., Gargi, U.[Ullas], Antani, S.[Sameer],
Indexing Text Events in Digital Video Databases,
ICPR98(Vol I: 916-918).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Bourlard, H.[Hervé],
Text detection and recognition in images and video frames,
PR(37), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 595-608.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef
Earlier:
Text segmentation and recognition in complex background based on markov random field,
ICPR02(IV: 227-230).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang], Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming], Gao, W.[Wen], Zhao, D.B.[De-Bin],
Fast and robust text detection in images and video frames,
IVC(23), No. 6, 1 June 2005, pp. 565-576.
Elsevier DOI 0505
BibRef

Li, X.J.[Xiao-Jun], Wang, W.Q.[Wei-Qiang], Jiang, S.Q.[Shu-Qiang], Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming], Gao, W.[Wen],
Fast and effective text detection,
ICIP08(969-972).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Li, J.[Jia], Tian, Y.H.[Yong-Hong], Huang, T.J.[Tie-Jun], Gao, W.[Wen],
Multi-polarity text segmentation using graph theory,
ICIP08(3008-3011).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Ye, Q.X.[Qi-Xiang], Gao, W.[Wen], Huang, Q.M.[Qing-Ming],
Automatic text segmentation from complex background,
ICIP04(V: 2905-2908).
IEEE DOI 0505
BibRef

Wu, W.[Wen], Chen, X.L.[Xi-Lin], Yang, J.[Jie],
Detection of text on road signs from video,
ITS(6), No. 4, December 2005, pp. 378-390.
IEEE DOI 0601
BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
Video text recognition using sequential Monte Carlo and error voting methods,
PRL(26), No. 9, 1 July 2005, pp. 1386-1403.
Elsevier DOI 0506
BibRef
Earlier:
Sequential Monte Carlo video text segmentation,
ICIP03(III: 21-24).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Robust video text segmentation and recognition with multiple hypotheses,
ICIP02(II: 433-436).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Bourlard, H.[Hervé], Thiran, J.P.[Jean-Philippe],
Text Identification in Complex Background Using SVM,
CVPR01(II:621-626).
IEEE DOI 0110
Find the text in the video. Look for horizontal and vertical edge areas. BibRef

Chen, D.T.[Da-Tong], Odobez, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Thiran, J.P.[Jean-Philippe],
A localization/verification scheme for finding text in images and video frames based on contrast independent features and machine learning methods,
SP:IC(19), No. 3, March 2004, pp. 205-217.
Elsevier DOI 0402
BibRef

Hua, X.S.[Xian-Sheng], Liu, W.Y.[Wen-Yin], Zhang, H.J.[Hong-Jiang],
An Automatic Performance Evaluation Protocol for Video Text Detection Algorithms,
CirSysVideo(14), No. 4, April 2004, pp. 498-507.
IEEE Abstract. 0407
Evaluation, Text Detection. BibRef
Earlier:
Automatic performance evaluation for video text detection,
ICDAR01(545-550).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Qian, X.M.[Xue-Ming], Liu, G.Z.[Gui-Zhong], Wang, H.[Huan], Su, R.[Rui],
Text detection, localization, and tracking in compressed video,
SP:IC(22), No. 9, October 2007, pp. 752-768.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Text detection; DCT coefficient; Text tracking; Compressed video; Text line; Text localization; MPEG BibRef

Kim, W., Kim, C.,
A New Approach for Overlay Text Detection and Extraction From Complex Video Scene,
IP(18), No. 2, February 2009, pp. 401-411.
IEEE DOI 0901
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Huang, W.H.[Wei-Hua], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Accurate video text detection through classification of low and high contrast images,
PR(43), No. 6, June 2010, pp. 2165-2185.
Elsevier DOI 1003
Filters; Edge analysis; Heuristic rules; Low contrast; High contrast; Feature extraction; Text detection BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Novel Edge Features for Text Frame Classification in Video,
ICPR10(3191-3194).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Dutta, A.[Anjan], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Pal, U.[Umapada],
A novel mutual nearest neighbor based symmetry for text frame classification in video,
PR(44), No. 8, August 2011, pp. 1671-1683.
Elsevier DOI 1104
Wavelet-median moments; Video image; Mutual nearest neighbor; Frame classification; Text block location BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Hong, D.B.[Ding Bei], Zhao, D.[Danni], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Pal, U.[Umapada],
A new Iterative-Midpoint-Method for video character gap filling,
ICPR12(673-676).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Mittal, A.[Ayush], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong], Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
A new method for detection and prediction of occluded text in natural scene images,
SP:IC(100), 2022, pp. 116512.
Elsevier DOI 2112
DCT channels, Bayesian classifier, Text detection, Natural language processing, Text restoration, Text prediction BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Dutta, A.[Anjan], Pal, U.[Umapada], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Method for Handwritten Scene Text Detection in Video,
FHR10(387-392).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef
And: A1, A2, A4, A3:
A New Symmetry Based on Proximity of Wavelet-Moments for Text Frame Classification in Video,
ICPR10(129-132).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Gradient Vector Flow and Grouping-Based Method for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Detection in Video Images,
CirSysVideo(23), No. 10, 2013, pp. 1729-1739.
IEEE DOI 1311
gradient methods BibRef

Moradi, M., Mozaffari, S.,
Hybrid approach for Farsi/Arabic text detection and localisation in video frames,
IET-IPR(7), No. 2, 2013, pp. -.
DOI Link 1307
BibRef

Merino-Gracia, C.[Carlos], Mirmehdi, M.[Majid],
Real-time text tracking in natural scenes,
IET-CV(8), No. 6, 2014, pp. 670-681.
DOI Link 1502
Kalman filters BibRef

Liang, G., Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T., Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Multi-Spectral Fusion Based Approach for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Detection in Video Images,
IP(24), No. 11, November 2015, pp. 4488-4501.
IEEE DOI 1509
Image color analysis BibRef

Wu, L., Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Technique for Multi-Oriented Scene Text Line Detection and Tracking in Video,
MultMed(17), No. 8, August 2015, pp. 1137-1152.
IEEE DOI 1506
Feature extraction BibRef

Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Su, B.[Bolan], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A Gradient Vector Flow-Based Method for Video Character Segmentation,
ICDAR11(1024-1028).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Ding, Z.[Zhang], Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Video Script Identification Based on Text Lines,
ICDAR11(1240-1244).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Bhowmick, S.[Souvik], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Pal, U.[Umapada],
A novel ring radius transform for video character reconstruction,
PR(46), No. 1, January 2013, pp. 131-140.
Elsevier DOI 1209
Ring radius transform; Video document processing; Gap filling; Video character reconstruction BibRef

Wu, Y.[Yirui], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Wei, W.[Wang], Lu, T.[Tong], Pal, U.[Umapada],
A new ring radius transform-based thinning method for multi-oriented video characters,
IJDAR(18), No. 2, June 2015, pp. 137-151.
Springer DOI 1506
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
New Fourier-Statistical Features in RGB Space for Video Text Detection,
CirSysVideo(20), No. 11, November 2010, pp. 1520-1532.
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef
Earlier:
New Wavelet and Color Features for Text Detection in Video,
ICPR10(3996-3999).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef
Earlier:
A Gradient Difference Based Technique for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(156-160).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
And:
A Robust Wavelet Transform Based Technique for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(1285-1289).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
And: A2, A1, A3:
A Laplacian Method for Video Text Detection,
ICDAR09(66-70).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A Laplacian Approach to Multi-Oriented Text Detection in Video,
PAMI(33), No. 2, February 2011, pp. 412-419.
IEEE DOI 1101
Laplacian in frequency domain. Arbitrary orientation text. BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Sreedhar, R.P., Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Multioriented Video Scene Text Detection Through Bayesian Classification and Boundary Growing,
CirSysVideo(22), No. 8, August 2012, pp. 1227-1235.
IEEE DOI 1208
BibRef

Xu, J.M.[Jia-Min], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
2D and 3D Video Scene Text Classification,
ICPR14(2932-2937)
IEEE DOI 1412
Accuracy BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Bhowmick, S.[Souvik], Su, B.[Bolan], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Pal, U.[Umapada],
A New Gradient Based Character Segmentation Method for Video Text Recognition,
ICDAR11(126-130).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Xu, J.M.[Jia-Min], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T.[Tong], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Graphics and Scene Text Classification in Video,
ICPR14(4714-4719)
IEEE DOI 1412
Accuracy BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Video Character Recognition through Hierarchical Classification,
ICDAR11(131-135).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Rajendran, D.[Deepak], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Su, B.[Bolan], Lu, S.J.[Shi-Jian], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Fourier-Moments Based Video Word and Character Extraction Method for Recognition,
ICDAR11(1165-1169).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Wu, L.[Liang], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Blumenstein, M.[Michael], Anami, B.S.[Basavaraj S.],
Fractals Based Multi-Oriented Text Detection System for Recognition in Mobile Video Images,
PR(68), No. 1, 2017, pp. 158-174.
Elsevier DOI 1704
Fractal theory BibRef

Raghunandan, K.S., Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Roy, S.[Sangheeta], Kumar, G.H.[G. Hemantha], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong],
Multi-Script-Oriented Text Detection and Recognition in Video/Scene/Born Digital Images,
CirSysVideo(29), No. 4, April 2019, pp. 1145-1162.
IEEE DOI 1904
Text recognition, Digital images, Feature extraction, Image edge detection, Shape, Character recognition, multi-lingual text detection and recognition BibRef

Roy, S., Roy, P.P., Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Louloudis, G., Tan, C.L., Pal, U.[Umapada],
HMM-Based Multi Oriented Text Recognition in Natural Scene Image,
ACPR13(288-292)
IEEE DOI 1408
character recognition BibRef

Xue, M.L.[Ming-Long], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Zhang, C.[Chao], Xiao, Y.[Yao], Lu, T.[Tong], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lopresti, D.[Daniel], Yang, Z.B.[Zhi-Bo],
Arbitrarily-Oriented Text Detection in Low Light Natural Scene Images,
MultMed(23), 2021, pp. 2706-2720.
IEEE DOI 2109
Licenses, Feature extraction, Image segmentation, Proposals, Machine learning, Image enhancement, arbitrarily-oriented text detection BibRef

Roy, S.[Sangheeta], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Jalab, H.A.[Hamid A.], Ibrahim, R.W.[Rabha W.], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong],
Fractional poisson enhancement model for text detection and recognition in video frames,
PR(52), No. 1, 2016, pp. 433-447.
Elsevier DOI 1601
Text detection BibRef

Nandanwar, L.[Lokesh], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Mondal, P.[Prabir], Raghunandan, K.S.[Karpuravalli Srinivas], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong], Lopresti, D.[Daniel],
Forged text detection in video, scene, and document images,
IET-IPR(14), No. 17, 24 December 2020, pp. 4744-4755.
DOI Link 2104
BibRef

Wang, W.H.[Wen-Hai], Wu, Y.R.[Yi-Rui], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T.[Tong],
Cloud of Line Distribution and Random Forest Based Text Detection from Natural/Video Scene Images,
MMMod18(II:48-60).
Springer DOI 1802
BibRef

Roy, S.[Soumyadip], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong], Kumar, G.H.[Govindaraj Hemantha],
Delaunay triangulation based text detection from multi-view images of natural scene,
PRL(129), 2020, pp. 92-100.
Elsevier DOI 2001
BibRef

Khare, V.[Vijeta], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Raveendran, P.[Paramesran], Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
A blind deconvolution model for scene text detection and recognition in video,
PR(54), No. 1, 2016, pp. 128-148.
Elsevier DOI 1603
Text detection BibRef

Phan, T.Q.[Trung Quy], Shivakumara, P., Bhowmick, S., Li, S.M.[Shi-Miao], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Pal, U.,
Semiautomatic Ground Truth Generation for Text Detection and Recognition in Video Images,
CirSysVideo(24), No. 8, August 2014, pp. 1277-1287.
IEEE DOI 1410
natural language processing BibRef

Qin, L.F.[Long-Fei], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T., Pal, U., Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Video Scene Text Frames Categorization for Text Detection and Recognition,
ICPR16(3886-3891)
IEEE DOI 1705
Feature extraction, Image color analysis, Image edge detection, Licenses, Streaming media, Text recognition, Multi-scale global features, Multi-scale local features, Scene text Detection, Scene text recognition, Video, scene, text, frame, categorization BibRef

Anthimopoulos, M.[Marios], Gatos, B.[Basilis], Pratikakis, I.E.[Ioannis E.],
A two-stage scheme for text detection in video images,
IVC(28), No. 9, September 2010, pp. 1413-1426.
Elsevier DOI 1007
Text detection; Video OCR; Content-based indexing; SVM BibRef

Li, Z., Liu, G., Qian, X., Guo, D., Jiang, H.,
Effective and efficient video text extraction using key text points,
IET-IPR(5), No. 8, 2011, pp. 671-683.
DOI Link 1108
BibRef

Chiu, C.Y.[Chih-Yi], Lin, P.C.[Po-Chih], Li, S.Y.[Sheng-Yang], Tsai, T.H.[Tsung-Han], Tsai, Y.L.[Yu-Lung],
Tagging Webcast Text in Baseball Videos by Video Segmentation and Text Alignment,
CirSysVideo(22), No. 7, July 2012, pp. 999-1013.
IEEE DOI 1208
BibRef

Minetto, R.[Rodrigo], Thome, N.[Nicolas], Cord, M.[Matthieu], Leite, N.J.[Neucimar J.], Stolfi, J.[Jorge],
SnooperText: A text detection system for automatic indexing of urban scenes,
CVIU(122), No. 1, 2014, pp. 92-104.
Elsevier DOI 1404
BibRef
Earlier:
Snoopertrack: Text detection and tracking for outdoor videos,
ICIP11(505-508).
IEEE DOI 1201
Text detection BibRef

Minetto, R., Thome, N., Cord, M., Fabrizio, J., Marcotegui, B.,
Snoopertext: A multiresolution system for text detection in complex visual scenes,
ICIP10(3861-3864).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Minetto, R., Thome, N., Cord, M., Stolfi, J., Precioso, F., Guyomard, J., Leite, N.J.,
Text detection and recognition in urban scenes,
CVRSE11(227-234).
IEEE DOI 1201
BibRef

Fabrizio, J., Marcotegui, B., Cord, M.,
Text segmentation in natural scenes using Toggle-Mapping,
ICIP09(2373-2376).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, A2:
Text Extraction from Street Level Images,
CMRT09(199-204).
PDF File. 0909
BibRef

Huang, R.[Rong], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Feng, Y.[Yaokai], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Scene Character Detection and Recognition with Cooperative Multiple-Hypothesis Framework,
IEICE(E96-D), No. 10, October 2013, pp. 2235-2244.
WWW Link. 1310
BibRef

Huang, R.[Rong], Oba, S.[Shinpei], Palaiahnakote, S.[Shivakumara], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Scene character detection and recognition based on multiple hypotheses framework,
ICPR12(717-720).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Song, X.D.[Xiao-Dan], Peng, X.L.[Xiu-Lian], Xu, J.Z.[Ji-Zheng], Shi, G., Wu, F.[Feng],
Cloud-Based Distributed Image Coding,
CirSysVideo(25), No. 12, December 2015, pp. 1926-1940.
IEEE DOI 1601
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, A5, Only: ICIP14(4802-4806)
IEEE DOI 1502
Correlation BibRef

Liang, F.[Fei], Peng, X.L.[Xiu-Lian], Xu, J.Z.[Ji-Zheng],
Scene-aware perceptual video coding,
VCIP13(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1402
image motion analysis BibRef

Peng, X.L.[Xiu-Lian], Xu, J.Z.[Ji-Zheng], Wu, F.[Feng],
Exploiting inter-frame correlations in compound video coding,
VCIP11(1-4).
IEEE DOI 1201
For mixed text and image videos. BibRef

Sharma, N.[Nabin], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Pal, U.[Umapada], Blumenstein, M.[Michael], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Piece-wise linearity based method for text frame classification in video,
PR(48), No. 3, 2015, pp. 862-881.
Elsevier DOI 1412
Video document processing BibRef

Yin, X.C., Zuo, Z.Y., Tian, S., Liu, C.L.,
Text Detection, Tracking and Recognition in Video: A Comprehensive Survey,
IP(25), No. 6, June 2016, pp. 2752-2773.
IEEE DOI 1605
Survey, Scene Text. Data mining BibRef

Kanadje, M.[Manish], Miller, Z.[Zachary], Agarwal, A.[Anurag], Gaborski, R.[Roger], Zanibbi, R.[Richard], Ludi, S.[Stephanie],
Assisted keyword indexing for lecture videos using unsupervised keyword spotting,
PRL(71), No. 1, 2016, pp. 8-15.
Elsevier DOI 1602
Keyword spotting BibRef

Xu, J.M.[Jia-Min], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
A new method for multi-oriented graphics-scene-3D text classification in video,
PR(49), No. 1, 2016, pp. 19-42.
Elsevier DOI 1511
Text detection BibRef

Mittal, A.[Anshul], Roy, P.P.[Partha Pratim], Singh, P.[Priyanka], Raman, B.[Balasubramanian],
Rotation and script independent text detection from video frames using sub pixel mapping,
JVCIR(46), No. 1, 2017, pp. 187-198.
Elsevier DOI 1706
Multi-oriented, text, detection BibRef

Roy, S.[Sangheeta], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Jain, N.[Namita], Khare, V.[Vijeta], Dutta, A.[Anjan], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong],
Rough-fuzzy based scene categorization for text detection and recognition in video,
PR(80), 2018, pp. 64-82.
Elsevier DOI 1805
Rough set, Fuzzy set, Video categorization, Scene image classification, Video text detection, Video text recognition BibRef

Yin, X.W.[Xu-Wang], Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng], Huang, K., Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
Robust Text Detection in Natural Scene Images,
PAMI(36), No. 5, May 2014, pp. 970-983.
IEEE DOI 1405
Algorithm design and analysis BibRef

Tian, S.[Shu], Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng], Su, Y.[Ya], Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
A Unified Framework for Tracking Based Text Detection and Recognition from Web Videos,
PAMI(40), No. 3, March 2018, pp. 542-554.
IEEE DOI 1802
Bayes methods, Color, Image recognition, Text recognition, Tracking, Trajectory, Videos, Video text extraction, embedded captions, tracking based text recognition BibRef

Yin, X.W.[Xu-Wang], Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng], Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei], Iqbal, K.[Khalid],
Effective text localization in natural scene images with MSER, geometry-based grouping and AdaBoost,
ICPR12(725-728).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Yin, X., Pei, W., Zhang, J., Hao, H.W.[Hong-Wei],
Multi-Orientation Scene Text Detection with Adaptive Clustering,
PAMI(37), No. 9, September 2015, pp. 1930-1937.
IEEE DOI 1508
Clustering algorithms BibRef

Wankhede, V.[Vishakha], Kagalkar, R.M.[Ramesh M.],
Support vector machine-based approach for text description from the video,
IJCVR(8), No. 4, 2018, pp. 403-417.
DOI Link 1808
BibRef

Bulatov, K.[Konstantin], Razumnyi, N.[Nikita], Arlazarov, V.V.[Vladimir V.],
On optimal stopping strategies for text recognition in a video stream as an application of a monotone sequential decision model,
IJDAR(22), No. 3, September 2019, pp. 303-314.
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Bhunia, A.K.[Ankan Kumar], Konwer, A.[Aishik], Bhunia, A.K.[Ayan Kumar], Bhowmick, A.[Abir], Roy, P.P.[Partha P.], Pal, U.[Umapada],
Script identification in natural scene image and video frames using an attention based Convolutional-LSTM network,
PR(85), 2019, pp. 172-184.
Elsevier DOI 1810
Script identification, Convolutional neural network, Long short-term memory, Local feature, Global feature, Dynamic weighting BibRef

Mithun, N.C.[Niluthpol C.], Li, J.C.[Jun-Cheng], Metze, F.[Florian], Roy-Chowdhury, A.K.[Amit K.],
Joint embeddings with multimodal cues for video-text retrieval,
MultInfoRetr(8), No. 1, March 2019, pp. 3-18.
Springer DOI 1906
BibRef

Nag, S.[Sauradip], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, T.[Tong], Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
A new unified method for detecting text from marathon runners and sports players in video (PR-D-19-01078R2),
PR(107), 2020, pp. 107476.
Elsevier DOI 2008
Video text analysis, Gradient direction, Bayesian classifier, Face detection, Torso detection, Deep learning, Text detection BibRef

He, W.H.[Wen-Hao], Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao], Yin, F.[Fei], Luo, Z.B.[Zhen-Bo], Ogier, J.M.[Jean-Marc], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Realtime multi-scale scene text detection with scale-based region proposal network,
PR(98), 2020, pp. 107026.
Elsevier DOI 1911
Scene text detection, Multi-scale, Speedup, Scale-based region proposal network BibRef

Mafla, A.[Andrés], Tito, R.[Rubèn], Dey, S.[Sounak], Gómez, L.[Lluís], Rusiñol, M.[Marçal], Valveny, E.[Ernest], Karatzas, D.[Dimosthenis],
Real-time Lexicon-free Scene Text Retrieval,
PR(110), 2021, pp. 107656.
Elsevier DOI 2011
Image retrieval, Scene text detection, Scene text recognition, Word spotting, Convolutional neural networks, PHOC BibRef

Cheng, Z., Lu, J., Zou, B., Qiao, L., Xu, Y., Pu, S., Niu, Y., Wu, F., Zhou, S.,
FREE: A Fast and Robust End-to-End Video Text Spotter,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 822-837.
IEEE DOI 2012
Text recognition, Streaming media, Detectors, Task analysis, Pipelines, Feature extraction, Licenses, Video text spotting, quality scoring BibRef

Yu, H.Y.[Hong-Yuan], Huang, Y.[Yan], Pi, L.H.[Li-Hong], Zhang, C.Q.[Cheng-Quan], Li, X.[Xuan], Wang, L.[Liang],
End-to-End Video Text Detection with Online Tracking,
PR(113), 2021, pp. 107791.
Elsevier DOI 2103
End-to-end, Video text detection, Online tracking BibRef

Gao, Y.Z.[Yu-Zhe], Li, X.[Xing], Zhang, J.J.[Jia-Jian], Zhou, Y.[Yu], Jin, D.[Dian], Wang, J.[Jing], Zhu, S.G.[Sheng-Gao], Bai, X.[Xiang],
Video Text Tracking With a Spatio-Temporal Complementary Model,
IP(30), 2021, pp. 9321-9331.
IEEE DOI 2112
Trajectory, Feature extraction, Visualization, Semantics, Location awareness, Detectors, Shape, Video text tracking, online tracking BibRef

Nandanwar, L.[Lokesh], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Ramachandra, R.[Raghavendra], Lu, T.[Tong], Pal, U.[Umapada], Antonacopoulos, A.[Apostolos], Lu, Y.[Yue],
A New Deep Wavefront Based Model for Text Localization in 3D Video,
CirSysVideo(32), No. 6, June 2022, pp. 3375-3389.
IEEE DOI 2206
Location awareness, Feature extraction, Solid modeling, Image segmentation, Deep learning, Streaming media, text localization in 3D video BibRef

Liu, Y.L.[Yu-Liang], Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen], He, T.[Tong], Chen, P.[Peng], Liu, C.[Chongyu], Chen, H.[Hao],
ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-Time End-to-End Text Spotting,
PAMI(44), No. 11, November 2022, pp. 8048-8064.
IEEE DOI 2210
Text recognition, Feature extraction, Training, Task analysis, Shape, Real-time systems, Annotations, Bezier curve, scene text spotting, text detection and recognition BibRef

Liu, Y.L.[Yu-Liang], Chen, H.[Hao], Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua], He, T.[Tong], Jin, L.W.[Lian-Wen], Wang, L.W.[Liang-Wei],
ABCNet: Real-Time Scene Text Spotting With Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network,
CVPR20(9806-9815)
IEEE DOI 2008
Text recognition, Feature extraction, Shape, Real-time systems, Standards, Adaptive systems, Pipelines BibRef

Banerjee, A.[Ayan], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Acharya, P.[Parikshit], Pal, U.[Umapada], Canet, J.L.[Josep Llados],
TWD: A New Deep E2E Model for Text Watermark/Caption and Scene Text Detection in Video,
ICPR22(1492-1498)
IEEE DOI 2212
Image resolution, Shape, Watermarking, Standards, Deep learning, U-Net, FCENet, Scene text detection, Watermark text detection BibRef

He, X.[Xuan], Li, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yong], Lin, J.C.[Jia-Cheng], Nai, K.[Ke], Yuan, J.[Jin], Li, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Wang, R.[Runmin],
Domain adaptive multigranularity proposal network for text detection under extreme traffic scenes,
CVIU(233), 2023, pp. 103709.
Elsevier DOI 2307
Scene text detection, Automatic driving, Domain adaptation BibRef

Sun, L.[Le], Liu, K.[Kai],
Center TextSpotter: A Novel Text Spotter for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles,
ITS(24), No. 8, August 2023, pp. 8519-8528.
IEEE DOI 2308
Proposals, Feature extraction, Autonomous vehicles, Text recognition, Global Positioning System, Generators, deep learning BibRef

Wu, W.J.[Wei-Jia], Zhang, Y.M.[Yi-Ming], He, Y.F.[Ye-Fei], Zhang, L.M.[Luo-Ming], Lou, Z.Y.[Zhen-Yu], Zhou, H.[Hong], Bai, X.[Xiang],
DSText V2: A comprehensive video text spotting dataset for dense and small text,
PR(149), 2024, pp. 110177.
Elsevier DOI 2403
Video text spotting, Small text, Text tracking, Dense text BibRef


Hao, X.S.[Xiao-Shuai], Zhang, W.Q.[Wan-Qian], Wu, D.[Dayan], Zhu, F.[Fei], Li, B.[Bo],
Dual Alignment Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Video-Text Retrieval,
CVPR23(18962-18972)
IEEE DOI 2309
BibRef

Kryuchkova, K.[Ksenia], Sheshkus, A.[Alexander], Bulatov, K.[Konstantin],
Neural network-based prediction of the stopping moment for text recognition in a video stream,
ICPR22(1450-1456)
IEEE DOI 2212
Training, Protocols, Text recognition, Error analysis, Neural networks, Streaming media, Multilayer perceptrons BibRef

Hanu, L.[Laura], Thewlis, J.[James], Asano, Y.M.[Yuki M.], Rupprecht, C.[Christian],
VTC: Improving Video-Text Retrieval with User Comments,
ECCV22(XXXV:616-633).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Chen, M.L.[Ming-Liang], Zhang, W.M.[Wei-Min], Ren, Y.R.[Yu-Rui], Li, G.[Ge],
Context-Aware Hierarchical Transformer for Fine-Grained Video-Text Retrieval,
ICIP22(386-390)
IEEE DOI 2211
Semantics, Benchmark testing, Transformers, Extraterrestrial measurements, Videos, Context modeling, Context-aware Hierarchical Transformer BibRef

Theus, A.[Alexander], Rossetto, L.[Luca], Bernstein, A.[Abraham],
HyText: A Scene-Text Extraction Method for Video Retrieval,
MMMod22(II:182-193).
Springer DOI 2203
BibRef

Feng, W.[Wei], Yin, F.[Fei], Zhang, X.Y.[Xu-Yao], Liu, C.L.[Cheng-Lin],
Semantic-Aware Video Text Detection,
CVPR21(1695-1705)
IEEE DOI 2111
Text recognition, Semantics, Lighting, Detectors, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction BibRef

Hernández-Carrascosa, P.[Pablo], Penate-Sanchez, A.[Adrian], Lorenzo-Navarro, J.[Javier], Freire-Obregón, D.[David], Castrillón-Santana, M.[Modesto],
TGCRBNW: A Dataset for Runner Bib Number Detection (and Recognition) in the Wild,
ICPR21(9445-9451)
IEEE DOI 2105
Training, Text recognition, Filtering, Lighting, Containers, Benchmark testing, Tools BibRef

Chen, S., Zhao, Y., Jin, Q., Wu, Q.,
Fine-Grained Video-Text Retrieval With Hierarchical Graph Reasoning,
CVPR20(10635-10644)
IEEE DOI 2008
Videos, Semantics, Cognition, Visualization, Encoding, Task analysis, Extraterrestrial measurements BibRef

Schwarcz, S., Gorban, A., Serra, X.G., Lee, D.,
Adapting Style and Content for Attended Text Sequence Recognition,
WACV20(1586-1595)
IEEE DOI 2006
Feature extraction, Optical character recognition software, Task analysis, Google, Training, Computer architecture, Recurrent neural networks BibRef

Wang, Y.[Yang], Qian, Y.[Ye], Shi, J.H.[Jia-Hao], Su, F.[Feng],
A Deep Convolutional Deblurring and Detection Neural Network for Localizing Text in Videos,
MMMod20(II:112-124).
Springer DOI 2003
BibRef

Kim, D.[Dahun], Woo, S.[Sanghyun], Lee, J.Y.[Joon-Young], Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Deep Blind Video Decaptioning by Temporal Aggregation and Recurrence,
CVPR19(4258-4267).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Slucki, A.[Adam], Trzcinski, T.[Tomasz], Bielski, A.[Adam], Cyrta, P.[Pawel],
Extracting Textual Overlays from Social Media Videos Using Neural Networks,
ICCVG18(287-299).
Springer DOI 1810
BibRef

Shi, B., Wang, X., Lyu, P., Yao, C., Bai, X.,
Robust Scene Text Recognition with Automatic Rectification,
CVPR16(4168-4176)
IEEE DOI 1612
BibRef

Xiang, D.L.[Dong-Lai], Guo, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Xia, Y.[Yan],
Robust Text Detection with Vertically-Regressed Proposal Network,
IWRR16(I: 351-363).
Springer DOI 1611
BibRef

Qiao, X.[Xinxu], Zhu, H.[He], Li, W.P.[Wei-Ping],
Scene Text Detection with Adaptive Line Clustering,
IWRR16(I: 364-377).
Springer DOI 1611
BibRef

Calarasanu, S.[Stefania], Fabrizio, J.[Jonathan], Dubuisson, S.[Séverine],
From Text Detection to Text Segmentation: A Unified Evaluation Scheme,
IWRR16(I: 378-394).
Springer DOI 1611
BibRef

Sharma, N.[Nabin], Mandal, R.[Ranju], Sharma, R.[Rabi], Pal, U.[Umapada], Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
ICDAR2015 Competition on Video Script Identification (CVSI 2015),
ICDAR15(1196-1200)
IEEE DOI 1511
Video scripts identification BibRef

Zuo, Z.Y.[Ze-Yu], Tian, S.[Shu], Pei, W.Y.[Wei-Yi], Yin, X.C.[Xu-Cheng],
Multi-strategy tracking based text detection in scene videos,
ICDAR15(66-70)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Sharma, N.[Nabin], Mandal, R.[Ranju], Sharma, R.[Rabi], Roy, P.P.[Partha P.], Pal, U.[Umapada], Blumenstein, M.[Michael],
Multi-lingual text recognition from video frames,
ICDAR15(951-955)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Kachouri, R.[Rostom], Armas, C.M.[Christian Medina], Akil, M.[Mohamed],
Gamma correction acceleration for real-time text extraction from complex colored images,
ICIP15(527-531)
IEEE DOI 1511
Complex Images BibRef

Gomez, L.[Llifs], Karatzas, D.[Dimosthenis],
MSER-Based Real-Time Text Detection and Tracking,
ICPR14(3110-3115)
IEEE DOI 1412
Cameras BibRef

Shivakuamra, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lubani, M.[Mohamed], Wong, K.[Kok_Sheik], Lu, T.[Tong],
Optical flow based dynamic curved video text detection,
ICIP14(1668-1672)
IEEE DOI 1502
Adaptive optics BibRef

Zhang, Z.K.[Zhi-Ke], Wang, W.Q.[Wei-Qiang], Lu, K.[Ke],
Video Text Extraction Using the Fusion of Color Gradient and Log-Gabor Filter,
ICPR14(2938-2943)
IEEE DOI 1412
Accuracy BibRef

Nguyen, P.X.[Phuc Xuan], Wang, K.[Kai], Belongie, S.J.[Serge J.],
Video text detection and recognition: Dataset and benchmark,
WACV14(776-783)
IEEE DOI 1406
Benchmark testing BibRef

Phan, T.Q., Shivakumara, P., Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.,
Recognition of Video Text through Temporal Integration,
ICDAR13(589-593)
IEEE DOI 1312
optical character recognition BibRef

Shivakumara, P., Basavaraju, H.T., Guru, D.S., Tan, C.L.,
Detection of Curved Text in Video: Quad Tree Based Method,
ICDAR13(594-598)
IEEE DOI 1312
edge detection BibRef

Liu, Y.[Yang], Song, Y.H.[Yong-Hong], Zhang, Y.L.[Yuan-Lin], Meng, Q.[Quan],
A Novel Multi-oriented Chinese Text Extraction Approach from Videos,
ICDAR13(1355-1359)
IEEE DOI 1312
feature extraction BibRef

Liang, G.Z.[Guo-Zhu], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A new wavelet-Laplacian method for arbitrarily-oriented character segmentation in video text lines,
ICDAR15(926-930)
IEEE DOI 1511
Character segmentation BibRef

Sharma, N., Shivakumara, P., Pal, U., Blumenstein, M., Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
A New Method for Character Segmentation from Multi-oriented Video Words,
ICDAR13(413-417)
IEEE DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
A New Method for Word Segmentation from Arbitrarily-Oriented Video Text Lines,
DICTA12(1-8).
IEEE DOI 1303
image segmentation BibRef

Chattopadhyay, T., Jain, R.[Ruchika], Chaudhuri, B.B.[Bidyut B.],
A novel low complexity TV video OCR system,
ICPR12(665-668).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Elagouni, K.[Khaoula], Garcia, C.[Christophe], Sébillot, P.[Pascale],
A comprehensive neural-based approach for text recognition in videos using natural language processing,
ICMR11(23).
DOI Link 1301
helping multimedia understanding from textual clues embedded in digital videos BibRef

Zhao, Y.[Yan], Lu, T.[Tong], Liao, W.J.[Wu-Jun],
A Robust Color-Independent Text Detection Method from Complex Videos,
ICDAR11(374-378).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Peng, X.J.[Xu-Jun], Cao, H.[Huaigu], Prasad, R.[Rohit], Natarajan, P.[Premkumar],
Text Extraction from Video Using Conditional Random Fields,
ICDAR11(1029-1033).
IEEE DOI 1111

See also Handwritten Text Separation from Annotated Machine Printed Documents Using Markov Random Fields. BibRef

Ntirogiannis, K.[Konstantinos], Gatos, B.[Basilis], Pratikakis, I.[Ioannis],
Binarization of Textual Content in Video Frames,
ICDAR11(673-677).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Huang, X.D.[Xiao-Dong], Ma, H.D.[Hua-Dong],
Automatic Detection and Localization of Natural Scene Text in Video,
ICPR10(3216-3219).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Yi, J.[Jian], Peng, Y.X.[Yu-Xin], Xiao, J.G.[Jian-Guo],
Using Multiple Frame Integration for the Text Recognition of Video,
ICDAR09(71-75).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Zhou, J.C.[Jing-Chao], Xu, L.[Lei], Xiao, B.H.[Bai-Hua], Dai, R.W.[Ru-Wei], Si, S.[Si],
A robust system for text extraction in video,
ICMV07(119-124).
IEEE DOI 0712
BibRef

Papavassiliou, V.[Vassilis], Stafylakis, T.[Themos], Katsouros, V.[Vassilis], Carayannis, G.[George],
A Parametric Spectral-Based Method for Verification of Text in Videos,
ICDAR07(879-883).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Bouaziz, B.[Bassem], Mahdi, W.[Walid], Ben Hamadou, A.[Abdelmajid],
A New Video Images Text Localization Approach Based on a Fast Hough Transform,
ICIAR06(I: 414-425).
Springer DOI 0610
BibRef

Palma, D.[Duarte], Ascenso, J.[João], Pereira, F.[Fernando],
Automatic Text Extraction in Digital Video Based on Motion Analysis,
ICIAR04(I: 588-596).
Springer DOI 0409
BibRef

Liu, Y.[Yang], Lu, H.[Hong], Xue, X.Y.[Xiang-Yang], Tan, Y.P.[Yap-Peng],
Effective video text detection using line features,
ICARCV04(II: 1528-1532).
IEEE DOI 0412
BibRef

Umai, C.[Chan], Kassim, A., Yue, C.L.[Chew Lock],
Detection and Interpretation of Text Information in Noisy Video Sequences,
ICARCV06(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0612
BibRef

Tang, L.J.[Li-Jun], Kender, J.R.,
A Unified Text Extraction Method for Instructional Videos,
ICIP05(III: 1216-1219).
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef
And:
Educational video understanding: Mapping handwritten text to textbook chapters,
ICDAR05(II: 919-923).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Sun, J.[Jun], Katsuyama, Y.[Yutaka], Naoi, S.[Satoshi],
Video Degradation Model and Its Application to Character Recognition in e-Learning Videos,
DAS04(555-558).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Tekinalp, S., Alatan, A.A.,
Utilization of texture, contrast and color homogeneity for detecting and recognizing text from video frames,
ICIP03(III: 505-508).
IEEE Abstract. 0312
BibRef

Mariano, V.Y., Kasturi, R.,
Detection of text marks on moving vehicles,
ICDAR03(393-397).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Du, E.Y.Z.[Eliza Ying-Zi], Chang, C.I.[Chein-I],
Thresholding video images for text detection,
ICPR02(III: 919-922).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Mao, W.[Wenge], Chung, F.L.[Fu-Lai], Lam, K.K.M., Sin, W.C.[Wan-Chi],
Hybrid Chinese/English text detection in images and video frames,
ICPR02(III: 1015-1018).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Haritaoglu, I.[Ismail],
Scene Text Extraction and Translation for Handheld Devices,
CVPR01(II:408-413).
IEEE DOI 0110
Character Recognition. Find text in video, then translate the text (i.e. Chinese character signs). BibRef

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Text in Scenes, Stroke Based, Contour Based .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19