13.1.2.1 Invariants, General Issues and Techniques

Chapter Contents (Back)
Object Recognition. Invariants, Theory. Invariants.
See also Matching, Descriptions Using Moments.
See also Invariants, Points.

Klopfenstein, R.W., Carlson, C.R.,
Theory of Shape-Invariant Imaging Systems,
IU87(175-214). BibRef 8700

Cyganski, D., and Orr, J.A.,
Applications of Tensor Theory to Object Recognition and Orientation Determination,
PAMI(7), No. 6, November 1985, pp. 662-673. BibRef 8511

Shepherd, T.S.[Thomas S.], Uttal, W.[William], Dayanand, S.[Sriram], Lovell, R.[Robb],
A Method for Shift, Rotation, and Scale Invariant Pattern Recognition Using the Form and Arrangement of Pattern-Specific Features,
PR(25), No. 4, April 1992, pp. 343-356.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9204

Spirkovska, L.[Lilly], Reid, M.B.[Max B.],
Robust Position, Scale, and Rotation Invariant Object Recognition Using Higher-Order Neural Networks,
PR(25), No. 9, September 1992, pp. 975-985.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9209

Yuceer, C., Oflazer, K.,
A Rotation, Scaling, and Translation Invariant Pattern Classification System,
PR(26), No. 5, May 1993, pp. 687-710.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9305
Earlier: ICPR92(II:422-425).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Li, C.W., Wu, C.H.,
Introducing Rotation Invariance into the Neocognitron Model for Target Recognition,
PRL(14), No. 12, December 1993, pp. 985-995. BibRef 9312

Lin, Y.T., Fang, N., Cheng, M.C., Chiang, S.M.,
A Modified Homomorphic Approach on Invariant Features of Object Images,
PRL(14), 1993, pp. 453-463. BibRef 9300

Tarr, M.J., Hayward, W., Gauthier, I., Williams, P.,
Is Object Recognition Mediated by Viewpoint Invariant Parts or Viewpoint Dependent Features,
Perception(24), 1995, pp. 4. BibRef 9500

Liu, X.F., Tan, S.H., Srinivasan, V., Ong, S.H., Xie, W.X.,
Fuzzy Pyramid-Based Invariant Object Recognition,
PR(27), No. 5, May 1994, pp. 741-756.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9405

Liu, X.F., Tan, S.H., Ong, S.H.,
Fuzzy Pyramid Scheme for Distorted Object Recognition,
PR(29), No. 10, October 1996, pp. 1631-1646.
Elsevier DOI Character Recognition. Map Recognition. BibRef 9610

You, S.D., Ford, G.E.,
Network Model for Invariant Object Recognition,
PRL(15), No. 8, August 1994, pp. 761-767. BibRef 9408

Marola, G., Vaccarelli, A.,
An Algebraic-Method for Detection and Recognition of Polyhedral Objects from a Single Image,
PR(27), No. 10, October 1994, pp. 1407-1414. BibRef 9410
Earlier:
Elsevier DOI
An Algebraic Method for Detecting Three-Dimensional Objects in a Picture,
ICPR92(I:415-419).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Keren, D.,
Using Symbolic Computation to Find Algebraic Invariants,
PAMI(16), No. 11, November 1994, pp. 1143-1149.
IEEE DOI Includes the invariant expressions. Used for complicated objects. BibRef 9411

Li, W., Nasrabadi, N.M.,
Invariant Object Recognition Based On A Neural Network of Cascaded RCE Nets,
PRAI(7), 1993, pp. 815-829. BibRef 9300

Bennett, B.M., Hoffman, D.D., and Prakash, C.,
Recognition Polynomials,
JOSA-A(10), No. 4, April 1993, pp. 759-764. BibRef 9304
Earlier:
Object Recognition from a Single View Using Recognition Polynomials,
TR from MBS 92-17, UC Irvine1992. BibRef

Goldberg, R.R.,
Constrained Pose Refinement of Parametric Objects,
IJCV(13), No. 2, October 1994, pp. 181-211.
Springer DOI BibRef 9410

Van Gool, L.J., Moons, T., Pauwels, E.J., Oosterlinck, A.,
Vision and Lies Approach to Invariance,
IVC(13), No. 4, May 1995, pp. 259-277.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9505

Moons, T., Van Gool, L.J., Pauwels, E.J., Oosterlinck, A.,
Viewpoint Invariant Characteristics of Articulated Objects,
JMIV(6), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 37-57. 9608
BibRef

So, A.T.P.,
Complete Object Recognition Under Projection Distortion,
PRL(16), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 257-265. BibRef 9503

Hemminger, T.L., Pomalaza-Raez, C.A.,
Rotation-Independent and Scale-Independent Pattern-Recognition Through Optimization,
PR(29), No. 3, March 1996, pp. 487-495.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9603

Marabini, R., Carazo, J.M.,
On a New Computationally Fast Image Invariant Based on Bispectral Projections,
PRL(17), No. 9, August 1 1996, pp. 959-967. 9609
BibRef

Mundy, J.L., Liu, A., Pillow, N., Zisserman, A., Abdallah, S., Utcke, S., Nayar, S.K., Rothwell, C.A.,
An Experimental Comparison of Appearance and Geometric Model Based Recognition,
ORCV96(247) 9611
BibRef

Goldberg, R.R.,
Pose Determination of Parameterized Object Models from a Monocular Image,
IVC(11), No. 1, January-February 1993, pp. 49-62.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9301

Rubinstein, J., Segman, J., Zeevi, Y.,
Recognition of Distorted Patterns by Invariance Kernels,
PR(24), No. 10, 1991, pp. 959-967.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9100
Earlier: ICPR90(II: 159-164).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Brandt, R.D., Lin, F.,
Representations That Uniquely Characterize Images Modulo Translation, Rotation, and Scaling,
PRL(17), No. 9, August 1 1996, pp. 1001-1015. 9609
First basic invariants, then hybrid ones invariant to multiple transformations BibRef

Lin, F., Brandt, R.D.,
Towards Absolute Invariants of Images Under Translation, Rotation, and Dilation,
PRL(14), No 5, May, 1993, pp. 369-379. Phase invariants: Taylor, Hessian, Mellin invariants BibRef 9305

Cole, J.B., Murase, H., Naito, S.,
A Lie Group Theoretical Approach to the Invariance Problem in Feature Extraction and Object Recognition,
PRL(12), 1991, pp. 519-523. BibRef 9100

Bulthoff, H.H.[Heinrich H.], Tarr, M.J., Blanz, V., Zabinski, M.,
To What Extent Do Unique Parts Influence Recognition Across Changes in Viewpoint,
Perception(24), 1995, pp. 3. BibRef 9500

Vetter, T.[Thomas], Poggio, T.[Tomaso], Bulthoff, H.H.[Heinrich H.],
3D Object Recognition: Symmetry and Virtual Views,
MIT AI Memo-1409, December 1992.
WWW Link. BibRef 9212

Bruckstein, A.M., Rivlin, E., Weiss, I.,
Scale-Space Semilocal Invariants,
IVC(15), No. 5, May 1997, pp. 335-344.
Elsevier DOI 9706
BibRef
And:
Recognizing Objects Using Scale Space Local Invariants,
ICPR96(I: 760-764).
IEEE DOI 9608
(Israel Institute of Technology, IL) BibRef

Chandran, V., Carswell, B., Boashash, B., Elgar, S.,
Pattern-Recognition Using Invariants Defined from Higher-Order Spectra: 2-D Image Inputs,
IP(6), No. 5, May 1997, pp. 703-712.
IEEE DOI 9705
BibRef

Kaveti, S., Teoh, E.K., Wang, H.,
Efficient Algorithms for Obtaining Algebraic Invariants from Higher Degree Implicit Polynomials for Recognition of Curved Objects,
PR(31), No. 3, March 1998, pp. 301-313.
Elsevier DOI 9802
BibRef

Morse, B.S.[Bryan S.], Pizer, S.M.[Stephen M.], Puff, D.T.[Derek T.], Gu, C.W.[Chen-Wei],
Zoom-Invariant Vision of Figural Shape,
CVIU(69), No. 1, January 1998, pp. 72-86.
DOI Link
See also Zoom-Invariant Vision of Figural Shape: The Mathematics of Cores. BibRef 9801

Moses, Y.[Yael], Ullman, S.[Shimon],
Generalization to Novel Views: Universal, Class-Based, and Model-Based Processing,
IJCV(29), No. 3, September 1998, pp. 233-253.
DOI Link 9811
BibRef
Earlier:
Limitations of Non Model-Based Recognition Schemes,
ECCV92(820-828).
Springer DOI 9205
BibRef
And: MIT AI Memo-1301, May 1991. BibRef

Shao, Z., Kittler, J.V.,
Shape representation and recognition based on invariant unary and binary relations,
IVC(17), No. 5/6, April 1999, pp. 429-444.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9904

Guil, N., Gonzalez-Linares, J.M., Zapata, E.L.,
Bidimensional shape detection using an invariant approach,
PR(32), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 1025-1038.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9906

Alferez, R.[Ronald], Wang, Y.F.[Yuan-Fang],
Geometric and Illumination Invariants for Object Recognition,
PAMI(21), No. 6, June 1999, pp. 505-536.
IEEE DOI Rigid motion, affine transforms, changes in illumination, perspective, and view point changes. Applicable to wavelets, Fourier analysis, and splines. BibRef 9906

Basri, R.[Ronen], Moses, Y.[Yael],
When is it Possible to Identify 3D Objects From Single Images Using Class Constraints?,
IJCV(33), No. 2, September 1999, pp. 95-116.
DOI Link BibRef 9909
Earlier: ICCV98(541-548).
IEEE DOI BibRef

Song, B.S.[Bong Seop], Yun, I.D.[Il Dong], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk],
A target recognition technique employing geometric invariants,
PR(33), No. 3, March 2000, pp. 413-425.
Elsevier DOI 0001
BibRef

Song, B.S.[Bong Seop], Lee, K.M.[Kyoung Mu], Lee, S.U.[Sang Uk], Yun, I.D.[Il Dong],
3D target recognition based on projective invariant relationships,
JVCIR(14), No. 1, March 2002, pp. 1-21.
Elsevier DOI 0304
BibRef

Roh, K.S.[Kyoung Sig], Kweon, I.S.[In So],
3-D object recognition using a new invariant relationship by single-view,
PR(33), No. 5, May 2000, pp. 741-754.
Elsevier DOI 0003
BibRef

Flusser, J.[Jan], Zitová, B.[Barbara],
Combined Invariants to Linear Filtering and Rotation,
PRAI(13), No. 8, December 1999, pp. 1123. 0005
BibRef

Flusser, J.[Jan], Boldys, J.[Jirí], Zitová, B.[Barbara],
Invariants to Convolution in Arbitrary Dimensions,
JMIV(13), No. 2, October 2000, pp. 101-113.
DOI Link 0101
BibRef

Flusser, J., Zitova, B.,
Invariants to convolution with circularly symmetric PSF,
ICPR04(II: 11-14).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Liu, Y., Rodrigues, M.A.,
Invariant Geometric Properties of Image Correspondence Vectors as Rigid Constraints to Motion Estimation,
PRAI(13), No. 8, December 1999, pp. 1165. 0005
BibRef

Boutin, M.[Mireille],
Numerically Invariant Signature Curves,
IJCV(40), No. 3, December 2000, pp. 235-248.
DOI Link torsion, object recognition, differential invariant, joint invariant, signature curve, Euclidean group, equi-affine group, numerical approximation 0102
BibRef

Osada, R., Funkhauser, T., Chazalle, B., and Dobkins, D.,
Matching 3D Models with Shape Distribution,
TOG(21), No. 4, October 2002, pp. 807-832. BibRef 0210

Bayro-Corrochano, E.[Eduardo], Banarer, V.[Vladimir],
A Geometric Approach for the Theory and Applications of 3D Projective Invariants,
JMIV(16), No. 2, March 2002, pp. 131-154.
DOI Link 0202
BibRef
Earlier:
Geometric analysis and computing of projective structure and motion,
CIAP99(291-296).
IEEE DOI 9909

See also projective reconstruction of points, lines, quadrics, plane conics and degenerate quadrics using uncalibrated cameras, The. BibRef

Wu, Y.H., Hu, Z.Y.,
The invariant representations of a quadric cone and a twisted cubic,
PAMI(25), No. 10, October 2003, pp. 1329-1332.
IEEE Abstract. 0310
A compact representation for a quadric cone and a first representation for a twisted cubic. BibRef

Civi, H.[Hakan], Christopher, C.[Colin], Ercil, A.[Aytul],
The Classical Theory of Invariants and Object Recognition Using Algebraic Curve and Surfaces,
JMIV(19), No. 3, November 2003, pp. 237-253.
DOI Link 0310
BibRef

Petrou, M.[Maria], Kadyrov, A.[Alexander],
Affine invariant features from the trace transform,
PAMI(26), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 30-44.
IEEE Abstract. 0401
Trace is a generalization of the Radon transform. Apply to retrieval systems. BibRef

Kadyrov, A., Petrou, M.,
Object signatures invariant to affine distortions derived from the Trace transform,
IVC(21), No. 12-13, December 2003, pp. 1135-1143.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef
Earlier:
Object descriptors invariant to affine distortions,
BMVC01(Session 5: Matching & Retrieval).
HTML Version. 0110
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
Features Invariant to Affine Distortions from the Trace Transform,
ICIP01(III: 852-855).
IEEE DOI 0108
University of Surrey BibRef

Kadyrov, A.[Alexander], Petrou, M.[Maria],
The Trace Transform and Its Applications,
PAMI(23), No. 8, August 2001, pp. 811-828.
IEEE DOI 0109
Trace, a generalization of the Radon transform. Use to match images of single objects to retrieve from a database. Robust to scale (errors start at 70% scale), and somewhat to additive noise. Salt-and-Pepper noise is worse, rotations also seem worse than scaling. Compared to:
See also Enhancing CSS-based shape retrieval for objects with shallow concavities. BibRef

Kadyrov, A.[Alexander], Petrou, M.[Maria],
Affine Parameter Estimation from the Trace Transform,
PAMI(28), No. 10, October 2006, pp. 1631-1645.
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
Earlier: ICPR02(II: 798-801).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef
Earlier:
The Trace Transform as a Tool to Invariant Feature Construction,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1037-1039).
IEEE DOI 9808
Given the images of 2 segmented objects, recover the affine transform between them. BibRef

Kadyrov, A.[Alexander],
Triple features for linear distorted images,
CAIP95(844-849).
Springer DOI 9509
BibRef

Olver, P.J.[Peter J.], Tannenbaum, A.[Allen],
Mathematical Methods in Computer Vision,
Springer-Verlag2003. ISBN 0-387-00497-1.
HTML Version. BibRef 0300

Shahshahani, M.[Mehrdad], Targhi, A.T.[Alireza Tavakoli],
A simple set of numerical invariants for the analysis of images,
IJIST(16), No. 5, 2006, pp. 240-248.
DOI Link 0704
BibRef

Flusser, J.[Jan], Kautsky, J.[Jaroslav], Šroubek, F.[Filip],
Implicit Moment Invariants,
IJCV(86), No. 1, January 2010, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 1001
BibRef
Earlier:
Object Recognition by Implicit Invariants,
CAIP07(856-863).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef

Kautsky, J.[Jaroslav], Flusser, J.[Jan],
Blur Invariants Constructed From Arbitrary Moments,
IP(20), No. 12, December 2011, pp. 3606-3611.
IEEE DOI 1112
BibRef

Zhang, H., Shu, H., Han, G.N., Coatrieux, G., Luo, L., Coatrieux, J.L.,
Blurred Image Recognition by Legendre Moment Invariants,
IP(19), No. 3, March 2010, pp. 596-611.
IEEE DOI 1003
Construct set of blur invariants for recognition. BibRef


Wang, Z.J.[Zi-Jia], Yang, W.B.[Wen-Bin], Liu, Z.S.[Zhi-Song], Chen, Q.[Qiang], Ni, J.C.[Jia-Cheng], Jia, Z.[Zhen],
Object Centric Point Sets Feature Learning with Matrix Decomposition,
MLCSA22(256-268).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Phillips, C.[Carlos], Siddiqi, K.[Kaleem],
Greyscale Photograph Geometry Informed by Dodging and Burning,
ICCVGIP06(13-24).
Springer DOI 0612
Using different prints from same negative. Invariant features. BibRef

González, J.M., Sebastián, J.M., García, D., Sánchez, F., Angel, L.,
Recognition of 3D Object from One Image Based on Projective and Permutative Invariants,
ICIAR04(I: 705-712).
Springer DOI 0409
BibRef

Burkhardt, H.[Hans], Reisert, M.[Marco], Li, H.D.[Hong-Dong],
Invariants for Discrete Structures: An Extension of Haar Integrals over Transformation Groups to Dirac Delta Functions,
DAGM04(137-144).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Shi, X., Manduchi, R.,
Invariant operators, small samples, and the bias-variance dilemma,
CVPR04(II: 528-534).
IEEE DOI 0408
Analyze effects of using invariants. BibRef

Tipdecho, T.[Taravudh], Chen, X.Y.[Xiao-Yong],
Hybrid Matching Based on Polynomial Transformation,
PCV02(B: 273). 0305
BibRef

Chao, J.H.[Jun-Hui], Suzuki, M.,
Invariant extraction and segmentation of 3D objects using linear Lie algebra model,
ICIP02(I: 205-208).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Chao, J.H.[Jin-Hui], Ishii, S.[Shinya],
Invariant Recognition and Segmentation of 3D Object Using Lie Algebra Models,
ICIP99(I:550-554).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9900

Chao, J.H.[Jin-Hui], Karasudani, A.[Akira], Minowa, K.[Kenji],
Invariant object representation and recognition using Lie algebra of perceptual vector fields,
CIAP97(II: 284-291).
Springer DOI 9709
BibRef

Smeulders, A.W.M., Geusebroek, J.M., Gevers, T.,
Invariant Representations in Image Processing,
ICIP01(III: 18-21).
IEEE DOI 0108
BibRef

Pilu, M.[Maurizio],
Optimizing Random Patterns for Invariants-based Matching,
ICPR00(Vol I: 716-719).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Götze, N.[Nicolai], Drüe, S.[Siegbert], Hartmann, G.[Georg],
Invariant Object Recognition with Discriminant Features Based on Local Fast-fourier Mellin Transform,
ICPR00(Vol I: 948-951).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Horikawa, Y.,
Bispectrum-based Feature of 2D and 3D Images Invariant to Similarity Transformations,
ICPR00(Vol II: 511-514).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Schael, M., Siggelkow, S.,
Invariant Grey-scale Features for 3d Sensor-data,
ICPR00(Vol II: 531-535).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Siebert, A.,
On the Invariance of Differential Scale Invariants,
ICIP00(Vol I: 753-756).
IEEE DOI 0008
BibRef

Yang, M.H., Roth, D., Ahuja, N.,
Learning to Recognize 3D Objects with SNoW,
ECCV00(I: 439-454).
Springer DOI 0003
BibRef

Roth, D.[Dan], Yang, M.H.[Ming-Hsuan], Ahuja, N.[Narendra],
Learning to Recognize Objects,
CVPR00(I: 724-731).
IEEE DOI 0005
BibRef

Labunets, E.V., Labunets, V.G., Egiazarian, K.O., Astola, J.T.,
Fast spectral algorithms of invariants calculation,
CIAP99(203-208).
IEEE DOI 9909
BibRef

Labunets, V.G., Labunets, E.V., Egiazarian, K.O., Astola, J.T.,
Hypercomplex moments application in invariant image recognition,
ICIP98(II: 257-261).
IEEE DOI 9810
BibRef

Labunets, E.V., Labunets, V.G., Assonov, M., Lenz, R.,
Fast spectral algorithms for invariant pattern recognition and image matching based on modular invariants,
ICIP96(III: 607-610).
IEEE DOI 9610
BibRef

Moons, T.[Theo],
A Guided Tour Through Multiview Relations,
SMILE98(xx-yy). BibRef 9800

Yang, Z.Y.[Zhi-Yong],
Scaling Laws in Image Gradient Fields and Texture Retrieval,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1062-1064).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef
And:
Image invariance, scaling features and image similarity,
ICIP98(I: 843-846).
IEEE DOI 9810
BibRef
And:
Invariance and Scaling Laws in Natural Images,
ICPR98(Vol I: 728-730).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Sali, E.[Erez], and Ullman, S.[Shimon],
Recognizing Novel 3-D Objects Under New Illumination and Viewing Position Using a Small Number of Examples,
ICCV98(153-161).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800

Schweitzer, H.[Haim],
Computing Ritz Approximations of Primary Images,
ICCV98(139-144).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800

Rigoutsos, I.[Isidore],
Two-Dimensional Affine Invariants that Distribute Uniformly and Can Be Tuned to any Convex Feature Domain,
ICCV98(622-627).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800

Barakat, H.F.[Hazem F.], Mikhail, E.M.[Edward M.],
Object Model Construction by Invariance and Photogrammetry,
SPIE(3072), April 1997, pp. 295-306. Combine photogrammetry tools with inexact invariance techniques. BibRef 9704

Barakat, H.F.[Hazem F.], Doucette, P., Mikhail, E.M.[Edward M.],
Photogrammetric Analysis of Image Invariance,
SPIE(2357), September 1994, pp. xx. BibRef 9409

Barakat, H.F.[Hazem F.], Weerawong, K., Mikhail, E.M.[Edward M.],
Comparison Between Invariance and Photogrammetry for Image and Object Transfer,
SPIE(2486), April 1995, pp. xx. BibRef 9504

Logothetis, N.K.[Nikos K.], Vetter, T.[Thomas], Hurlbert, A.[Anya], Poggio, T.[Tomaso],
View-Based Models of 3D Object Recognition and Class-Specific Invariances,
MIT AI Memo-1472, April 1994.
WWW Link. BibRef 9404

Logothetis, N.K.[Nikos K.], Pauls, J.[Jon], Poggio, T.[Tomaso],
Spatial Reference Frames for Object Recognition Tuning for Rotations in Depth,
MIT AI Memo-1533, March 1995.
WWW Link. BibRef 9503

Binford, T.O.[Thomas O.],
Body-centered representation and perception,
ORCV94(207-215).
Springer DOI 9412
Also listed as: Object-Centered 3D Geometric Methods: Quasi-Invariants and Figure-Ground Spatial Organization BibRef

Binford, T.O.[Thomas O.], and Levitt, T.S.[Tod S.],
Quasi-Invariants: Theory and Exploitation,
DARPA93(819-829). Invariants, Quasi. Discussion of Quasi-invariants. BibRef 9300

Binford, T.O.[Thomas O.], and Levitt, T.S.[Tod S.],
Model-Based Recognition of Objects in Complex Scenes,
ARPA96(89-100). BibRef 9600
Earlier: ARPA94(I:149-155). BibRef
Earlier: DARPA93(169-174). BibRef

Levitt, T.S.[Tod S.],
Domain Independent Object Description and Decomposition,
AAAI-84(207- ). BibRef 8400

Ben-Arie, J.[Jezekiel], Rao, K.R.[K. Raghunath], and Wang, Z.Q.[Zhi-Qian],
Robust shape description and recognition by gradient propagation,
ICIP95(III: 368-371).
IEEE DOI 9510
BibRef
Earlier:
A Neural Network Approach for Shape Description and Invariant Recognition,
ARPA94(II:863-870). BibRef

Asmuth, C.A.[Charles A.], Wan, C.S.[Charles S.], Stiller, P.F.[Peter F.],
Invariants, Indexing, and Single View Recognition,
ARPA94(II:1423-1428). BibRef 9400

Schulz-Mirbach, H.,
Constructing invariant features by averaging techniques,
ICPR94(B:387-390).
IEEE DOI 9410
BibRef
Earlier:
On the existence of complete invariant feature spaces in pattern recognition,
ICPR92(II:178-182).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Kashyap, R.L., Choe, Y.,
Multi-level 3-D rotational invariant classification,
ICPR92(II:251-255).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Reiss, T.H.[Thomas H.],
Recognizing Planar Objects Using Invariant Image Features,
Springer-Verlag1993. BibRef 9300 LNCS676. Survey, Invariants.
Springer DOI Based on thesis. BibRef

Reiss, T.H.,
Features invariant to linear transformations in 2D and 3D,
ICPR92(III:493-496).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Wayner, P.C.,
Efficiently Using Invariant Theory for Model-Based Matching,
CVPR91(473-478).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9100

Prazdny, K.,
Position-, Rotation-, and Scale-Invariant Pattern Recognition Using Parallel Distributed Processing,
ICCV87(636-640). BibRef 8700

Chapter on Matching and Recognition Using Volumes, High Level Vision Techniques, Invariants continues in
Invariants, Points .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19