25.2.9 Word Level Recognition, Language Models

Chapter Contents (Back)
Word Recognition. Word Level Recognition. Word Spotting. Word Level. For more related to cursive word level analysis:
See also Cursive Script, Word Level Recognition, Word Spotting, Language Model.
See also Arabic Recognition, Word Level, Word Spotting.

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Hull, J.J.,
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Hull, J.J.,
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Chen, W.T.[Wen-Tsong], Gader, P.D.[Paul D.], Shi, H.C.[Hong-Chi],
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IEEE DOI BibRef 9901

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Ho, T.K.[Tin Kam],
Stop Word Location and Identification for Adaptive Text Recognition,
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Earlier:
Bootstrapping Text Recognition from Stop Words,
ICPR98(Vol I: 605-609).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Favata, J.T.[John T.],
Offline General Handwritten Word Recognition Using an Approximate BEAM Matching Algorithm,
PAMI(23), No. 9, September 2001, pp. 1009-1021.
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef
Earlier:
General Word Recognition Using Approximate Segment-String Matching,
ICDAR97(92-96).
IEEE DOI 9708
Handwritten, isolated words. Segment then recognize. Guided by a lexicon. Apply to addresses. BibRef

Favata, J.T.[John T.],
Character Model Word Recognition,
FHR96(437-440). BibRef 9600

Park, J.[Jaehwa], Govindaraju, V.[Venu],
Use of adaptive segmentation in handwritten phrase recognition,
PR(35), No. 1, January 2002, pp. 245-252.
Elsevier DOI 0111
BibRef
Earlier:
Using Lexical Similarity in Handwritten Word Recognition,
CVPR00(II: 290-295).
IEEE DOI 0005
Handwriting BibRef

Park, J.[Jaehwa],
An Adaptive Approach to Offline Handwritten Word Recognition,
PAMI(24), No. 7, July 2002, pp. 920-931.
IEEE Abstract. 0207
Select features of each word and use constraints from lexicon. Address components of mail. BibRef

Park, J.[Jaehwa], Kwon, Y.B.[Young-Bin],
An Efficient Representation of Hand Sketch Graphic Messages Using Recursive Bezier Curve Approximation,
ICIAR04(I: 392-399).
Springer DOI 0409
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Cho, B.J.[Beom-Joon], Kim, J.H.[Jin H.],
Print keyword spotting with dynamically synthesized pseudo 2D HMMs,
PRL(25), No. 9, 2 July 2004, pp. 999-1011.
Elsevier DOI 0407
BibRef

Perraud, F.[Freddy], Viard-Gaudin, C.[Christian], Morin, E.[Emmanuel], Lallican, P.M.[Pierre-Michel],
Statistical Language Models for On-Line Handwriting Recognition,
IEICE(E88-D), No. 8, August 2005, pp. 1807-1814.
DOI Link 0508
BibRef

Saldarriaga, S.P.[Sebastián Peña], Viard-Gaudin, C.[Christian], Morin, E.[Emmanuel],
Impact of online handwriting recognition performance on text categorization,
IJDAR(13), No. 2, June 2010, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 1007
BibRef

Saldarriaga, S.P.[Sebastián Pena], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Indexing On-line Handwritten Texts Using Word Confusion Networks,
ICDAR11(197-201).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Prochasson, E., Viard-Gaudin, C., Morin, E.,
Language Models for Handwritten Short Message Services,
ICDAR07(83-87).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Schumann, E.T.[Eduardo Torres], Schulz, K.U.[Klaus U.],
Stable methods for recognizing acronym-expansion pairs: From rule sets to hidden Markov models,
IJDAR(8), No. 1, April 2006, pp. 11-26.
Springer DOI 0605
BibRef

Marinai, S.[Simone], Marino, E.[Emanuele], Soda, G.[Giovanni],
Font Adaptive Word Indexing of Modern Printed Documents,
PAMI(28), No. 8, August 2006, pp. 1187-1199.
IEEE DOI 0606
BibRef
Earlier:
Indexing and retrieval of words in old documents,
ICDAR03(223-227).
IEEE DOI 0311
Word level indexing applied where OCR is difficult. BibRef

Marinai, S.[Simone], Marino, E.[Emanuele], Soda, G.[Giovanni],
Transformation invariant SOM clustering in Document Image Analysis,
CIAP07(185-190).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Marinai, S.[Simone], Faini, S.[Stefano], Marino, E.[Emanuele], Soda, G.[Giovanni],
Efficient Word Retrieval by Means of SOM Clustering and PCA,
DAS06(336-347).
Springer DOI 0602
BibRef

Tjhi, W.C.[William-Chandra], Chen, L.H.[Li-Hui],
A partitioning based algorithm to fuzzy co-cluster documents and words,
PRL(27), No. 3, February 2006, pp. 151-159.
Elsevier DOI 0512
BibRef

van der Zant, T.[Tijn], Schomaker, L.R.B.[Lambert R.B.], Haak, K.[Koen],
Handwritten-Word Spotting Using Biologically Inspired Features,
PAMI(30), No. 11, November 2008, pp. 1945-1957.
IEEE DOI 0809
BibRef

Rodriguez-Serrano, J.A.[Jose A.], Perronnin, F.[Florent],
Handwritten word-spotting using hidden Markov models and universal vocabularies,
PR(42), No. 9, September 2009, pp. 2106-2116.
Elsevier DOI 0905
BibRef
And: A2, A1:
Fisher Kernels for Handwritten Word-spotting,
ICDAR09(106-110).
IEEE DOI 0907
Word-spotting; Hidden Markov model; Score normalization; Universal vocabulary; Handwriting recognition BibRef

Rodriguez-Serrano, J.A.[Jose A.], Perronnin, F.[Florent],
Label embedding for text recognition,
BMVC13(xx-yy).
DOI Link 1402
BibRef

Perronnin, F.[Florent], Liu, Y.[Yan], Renders, J.M.[Jean-Michel],
A family of contextual measures of similarity between distributions with application to image retrieval,
CVPR09(2358-2365).
IEEE DOI 0906
BibRef

Rodríguez-Serrano, J.A.[José A.], Perronnin, F.[Florent],
Synthesizing queries for handwritten word image retrieval,
PR(45), No. 9, September 2012, pp. 3270-3276.
Elsevier DOI 1206
BibRef
Earlier:
Handwritten Word Image Retrieval with Synthesized Typed Queries,
ICDAR09(351-355).
IEEE DOI 0907
Data synthesis; Word-spotting; Handwriting recognition; Hidden Markov models BibRef

Rodríguez-Serrano, J.A.[José A.], Perronnin, F.[Florent],
A Model-Based Sequence Similarity with Application to Handwritten Word Spotting,
PAMI(34), No. 11, November 2012, pp. 2108-2120.
IEEE DOI 1209
Similarity measure between vector sequences. HMM models. Tested on various datasets, including handwritten Arabic. BibRef

Rodriguez-Serrano, J.A.[Jose A.], Perronnin, F.[Florent], Sanchez, G.[Gemma], Llados, J.[Josep],
Unsupervised writer adaptation of whole-word HMMs with application to word-spotting,
PRL(31), No. 8, 1 June 2010, pp. 742-749.
Elsevier DOI 1004
BibRef
Earlier:
Unsupervised writer style adaptation for handwritten word spotting,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
Word-spotting; Handwriting recognition; Writer adaptation; Hidden Markov model; Document analysis BibRef

Rodriguez-Serrano, J.A.[Jose A.], Perronnin, F.[Florent], Llados, J.[Josep], Sanchez, G.[Gemma],
A similarity measure between vector sequences with application to handwritten word image retrieval,
CVPR09(1722-1729).
IEEE DOI 0906
BibRef

Liu, Y.[Yan], Perronnin, F.[Florent],
A similarity measure between unordered vector sets with application to image categorization,
CVPR08(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0806
similarity between sets. BibRef

Llados, J., Sanchez, G.,
Indexing Historical Documents by Word Shape Signatures,
ICDAR07(362-366).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Lladós, J.[Josep], Pratim-Roy, P.[Partha], Rodríguez, J.A.[José A.], Sánchez, G.[Gemma],
Word Spotting in Archive Documents Using Shape Contexts,
IbPRIA07(II: 290-297).
Springer DOI 0706
BibRef

Weinman, J.J.[Jerod J.], Learned-Miller, E.G.[Erik G.], Hanson, A.R.[Allen R.],
Scene Text Recognition Using Similarity and a Lexicon with Sparse Belief Propagation,
PAMI(31), No. 10, October 2009, pp. 1733-1746.
IEEE DOI 0909
BibRef
Earlier:
A discriminative semi-Markov model for robust scene text recognition,
ICPR08(1-5).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef
Earlier:
Fast Lexicon-Based Scene Text Recognition with Sparse Belief Propagation,
ICDAR07(979-983).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Smith, D.L.[David L.], Field, J.[Jacqueline], Learned-Miller, E.G.[Erik G.],
Enforcing similarity constraints with integer programming for better scene text recognition,
CVPR11(73-80).
IEEE DOI 1106
BibRef

Weinman, J.J.[Jerod J.],
Typographical Features for Scene Text Recognition,
ICPR10(3987-3990).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Weinman, J.J.[Jerod J.], Butler, Z., Knoll, D., Feild, J.,
Toward Integrated Scene Text Reading,
PAMI(36), No. 2, February 2014, pp. 375-387.
IEEE DOI 1412
document image processing BibRef

Kessentini, Y.[Yousri], Paquet, T.[Thierry], Ben Hamadou, A.[Abdel_Majid],
Off-line handwritten word recognition using multi-stream hidden Markov models,
PRL(31), No. 1, 1 January 2010, pp. 60-70.
Elsevier DOI 1001
BibRef
Earlier:
A Multi-stream Approach to Off-Line Handwritten Word Recognition,
ICDAR07(317-321).
IEEE DOI 0709
Off-line handwriting recognition; Hidden Markov models; Latin script; Arabic script; Multi-stream; Information combination BibRef

Kessentini, Y.[Yousri], Paquet, T.[Thierry], Guermazi, A.[Ahmed],
An Optimized Multi-stream Decoding Algorithm for Handwritten Word Recognition,
ICDAR11(192-196).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Reynaert, M.W.C.[Martin W.C.],
Character confusion versus focus word-based correction of spelling and OCR variants in corpora,
IJDAR(14), No. 2, June 2011, pp. 173-187.
WWW Link. 1106
BibRef

Murugappan, A.[Abirami], Ramachandran, B.[Baskaran], Dhavachelvan, P.,
A survey of keyword spotting techniques for printed document images,
AIR(35), No. 2, February 2011, pp. 119-136.
WWW Link. 1208
BibRef

Drira, F.[Fadoua], Le Bourgeois, F.[Frank], Emptoz, H.[Hubert],
A new PDE-based approach for singularity-preserving regularization: application to degraded characters restoration,
IJDAR(15), No. 3, September 2012, pp. 183-212.
WWW Link. 1209
BibRef
Earlier:
OCR Accuracy Improvement through a PDE-Based Approach,
ICDAR07(1068-1072).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Bilane, P., Bres, S., Emptoz, H.,
Local Orientation Extraction for Wordspotting in Syriac Manuscripts,
ICISP08(481-489).
Springer DOI 0807
BibRef

Hassan, E.[Ehtesham], Chaudhury, S.[Santanu], Gopal, M.,
Word shape descriptor-based document image indexing: A new DBH-based approach,
IJDAR(16), No. 3, September 2013, pp. 227-246.
WWW Link. 1309
BibRef

Wei, H.X.[Hong-Xi], Gao, G.L.[Guang-Lai],
A keyword retrieval system for historical Mongolian document images,
IJDAR(17), No. 1, March 2014, pp. 33-45.
WWW Link. 1403
BibRef

Su, X.D.[Xiang-Dong], Gao, G.L.[Guang-Lai], Wei, H.X.[Hong-Xi], Bao, F.L.[Fei-Long],
A knowledge-based recognition system for historical Mongolian documents,
IJDAR(19), No. 3, September 2016, pp. 221-235.
Springer DOI 1609
BibRef
Earlier: A3, A2, A1, Only:
A multiple instances approach to improving keyword spotting on historical Mongolian document images,
ICDAR15(121-125)
IEEE DOI 1511
data fusion BibRef

Almazán, J.[Jon], Gordo, A.[Albert], Fornés, A.[Alicia], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
Segmentation-free word spotting with exemplar SVMs,
PR(47), No. 12, 2014, pp. 3967-3978.
Elsevier DOI 1410
Word spotting BibRef

Almazán, J.[Jon], Gordo, A.[Albert], Fornés, A.[Alicia], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
Word Spotting and Recognition with Embedded Attributes,
PAMI(36), No. 12, December 2014, pp. 2552-2566.
IEEE DOI 1411
BibRef
Earlier:
Handwritten Word Spotting with Corrected Attributes,
ICCV13(1017-1024)
IEEE DOI 1403
BibRef
Earlier:
Efficient Exemplar Word Spotting,
BMVC12(67).
DOI Link 1301
Character recognition attibutes; cca; multi-writer; word spotting
See also Writer identification in handwritten musical scores with bags of notes. BibRef

Gordo, A.[Albert], Almazán, J.[Jon], Murray, N., Perronin, F.,
LEWIS: Latent Embeddings for Word Images and Their Semantics,
ICCV15(1242-1250)
IEEE DOI 1602
Computer vision BibRef

Rusiñol, M.[Marçal], Aldavert, D.[David], Toledo, R.[Ricardo], Lladós, J.[Josep],
Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections,
PR(48), No. 2, 2015, pp. 545-555.
Elsevier DOI 1411
BibRef
Earlier:
Browsing Heterogeneous Document Collections by a Segmentation-Free Word Spotting Method,
ICDAR11(63-67).
IEEE DOI 1111
Historical documents BibRef

Aldavert, D.[David], Rusiñol, M.[Marçal], Toledo, R.[Ricardo], Lladós, J.[Josep],
A study of Bag-of-Visual-Words representations for handwritten keyword spotting,
IJDAR(18), No. 3, September 2015, pp. 223-234.
Springer DOI 1509
BibRef

Fernández, D.[David],
Contextual Word Spotting in Historical Handwritten Documents,
ELCVIA(14), No. 3, 2015, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 1601
BibRef

Riba, P.[Pau], Lladós, J.[Josep], Fornés, A.[Alicia],
Hierarchical graphs for coarse-to-fine error tolerant matching,
PRL(134), 2020, pp. 116-124.
Elsevier DOI 2005
BibRef
Earlier:
Error-Tolerant Coarse-to-Fine Matching Model for Hierarchical Graphs,
GbRPR17(107-117).
Springer DOI 1706
Hierarchical graph representation, Coarse-to-fine graph matching, Graph-based retrieval BibRef

Almazán, J.[Jon], Fernandez, D., Fornés, A.[Alicia], Llados, J.[Josep], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for Handwritten Word Spotting in Large Scale Historical Documents Collection,
FHR12(455-460).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Dey, S.[Sounak], Nicolaou, A.[Anguelos], Llados, J.[Josep], Pal, U.[Umapada],
Local Binary Pattern for Word Spotting in Handwritten Historical Document,
SSSPR16(574-583).
Springer DOI 1611
BibRef

Wang, P.[Peng], Eglin, V.[Veronique], Largeron, C.[Christine], Garcia, C.[Christophe],
Handwritten word spotting based on a hybrid optimal distance,
ICIP14(2580-2584)
IEEE DOI 1502
Adaptation models BibRef

Toselli, A.H.[Alejandro H.], Romero, V.[Verónica], Vidal, E.[Enrique],
Word-Graph Based Applications for Handwriting Documents: Impact of Word-Graph Size on Their Performances,
IbPRIA15(253-261).
Springer DOI 1506
BibRef

Puigcerver, J.[Joan], Toselli, A.H.[Alejandro Hector], Vidal, E.[Enrique],
Word-Graph-Based Handwriting Keyword Spotting of Out-of-Vocabulary Queries,
ICPR14(2035-2040)
IEEE DOI 1412
Decoding BibRef

Wang, P.[Peng], Eglin, V.[Veronique], Garcia, C.[Christophe], Largeron, C.[Christine], Llados, J.[Josep], Fornes, A.[Alicia],
A Coarse-to-Fine Word Spotting Approach for Historical Handwritten Documents Based on Graph Embedding and Graph Edit Distance,
ICPR14(3074-3079)
IEEE DOI 1412
Context BibRef

Almazan, J.[Jon],
Learning to Represent Handwritten Shapes and Words for Matching and Recognition,
ELCVIA(14), No. 3, 2015, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 1601
Thesis report. BibRef

Almazán, J.[Jon], Fornes, A.[Alicia], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
Deformable HOG-Based Shape Descriptor,
ICDAR13(1022-1026)
IEEE DOI 1312
BibRef
Earlier:
A Non-rigid Feature Extraction Method for Shape Recognition,
ICDAR11(987-991).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef
And: A1, A3, A2:
Deforming the Blurred Shape Model for Shape Description and Recognition,
IbPRIA11(1-8).
Springer DOI 1106
feature extraction
See also Blurred Shape Model for Binary and Grey-Level Symbol Recognition. BibRef

Fornes, A.[Alicia], Escalera, S.[Sergio], Llados, J.[Josep], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
Symbol Classification Using Dynamic Aligned Shape Descriptor,
ICPR10(1957-1960).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Oprean, C.[Cristina], Likforman-Sulem, L.[Laurence], Popescu, A.[Adrian], Mokbel, C.[Chafic],
Handwritten word recognition using Web resources and recurrent neural networks,
IJDAR(18), No. 4, December 2015, pp. 287-301.
Springer DOI 1512
BibRef
And: A1, A2, A4, A3:
BLSTM-based handwritten text recognition using Web resources,
ICDAR15(466-470)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A2, A3, A4:
Using the Web to Create Dynamic Dictionaries in Handwritten Out-of-Vocabulary Word Recognition,
ICDAR13(989-993)
IEEE DOI 1312
Internet BibRef

Mondal, T.[Tanmoy], Ragot, N.[Nicolas], Ramel, J.Y.[Jean-Yves], Pal, U.[Umapada],
Flexible Sequence Matching technique: An effective learning-free approach for word spotting,
PR(60), No. 1, 2016, pp. 596-612.
Elsevier DOI 1609
BibRef
Earlier:
Performance evaluation of DTW and its variants for word spotting in degraded documents,
ICDAR15(1141-1145)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef
And:
Exemplary Sequence Cardinality: An effective application for word spotting,
ICDAR15(1146-1150)
IEEE DOI 1511
Continuous dynamic programming (CDP) Flexible Sequence Matching (FSM). Dynamic Time Warping; Sequence matching; Word spotting BibRef

Mondal, T.[Tanmoy], Ragot, N.[Nicolas], Ramel, J.Y.[Jean-Yves], Pal, U.[Umapada],
Comparative study of conventional time series matching techniques for word spotting,
PR(73), No. 1, 2018, pp. 47-64.
Elsevier DOI 1709
Word, spotting BibRef

Riba, P.[Pau], Lladós, J.[Josep], Fornés, A.[Alicia], Dutta, A.[Anjan],
Large-scale graph indexing using binary embeddings of node contexts for information spotting in document image databases,
PRL(87), No. 1, 2017, pp. 203-211.
Elsevier DOI 1703
Graph based representation BibRef

Ahmed, R.[Rashad], Al-Khatib, W.G.[Wasfi G.], Mahmoud, S.[Sabri],
A Survey on handwritten documents word spotting,
MultInfoRetr(6), No. 1, March 2017, pp. 31-47.
Springer DOI 1704
Survey, Word Spotting. BibRef

Zagoris, K., Pratikakis, I., Gatos, B.,
Unsupervised Word Spotting in Historical Handwritten Document Images Using Document-Oriented Local Features,
IP(26), No. 8, August 2017, pp. 4032-4041.
IEEE DOI 1707
document image processing, feature extraction, image matching, image segmentation, document-oriented local features, historical handwritten data sets, historical handwritten document images, intense degradation, BibRef

Ghosh, S.K.[Suman K.], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
Text box proposals for handwritten word spotting from documents,
IJDAR(21), No. 1-2, June 2018, pp. 91-108.
WWW Link. 1806
BibRef
Earlier:
Query by string word spotting based on character bi-gram indexing,
ICDAR15(881-885)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Mhiri, M.[Mohamed], Desrosiers, C.[Christian], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
Word spotting and recognition via a joint deep embedding of image and text,
PR(88), 2019, pp. 312-320.
Elsevier DOI 1901
Representation learning, Word image representation, Word text representation, Word spotting, Word recognition BibRef

Susan, S.[Seba], Keshari, J.[Juli],
Finding significant keywords for document databases by two-phase Maximum Entropy Partitioning,
PRL(125), 2019, pp. 195-205.
Elsevier DOI 1909
Document categorization, Keyword extraction, Maximum Entropy Partitioning, Unique Elite keywords BibRef

Úbeda, I.[Ignacio], Saavedra, J.M.[Jose M.], Nicolas, S.[Stéphane], Petitjean, C.[Caroline], Heutte, L.[Laurent],
Improving pattern spotting in historical documents using feature pyramid networks,
PRL(131), 2020, pp. 398-404.
Elsevier DOI 2004
Pattern spotting, Image retrieval, Historical documents, Convolutional neural network BibRef

Krishnan, P.[Praveen], Jawahar, C.V.,
Bringing semantics into word image representation,
PR(108), 2020, pp. 107542.
Elsevier DOI 2008
Word image embedding, Word spotting, Semantic spotting BibRef

Kang, L.[Lei], Riba, P.[Pau], Villegas, M.[Mauricio], Fornés, A.[Alicia], Rusiñol, M.[Marçal],
Candidate fusion: Integrating language modelling into a sequence-to-sequence handwritten word recognition architecture,
PR(112), 2021, pp. 107790.
Elsevier DOI 2102
Handwritten word recognition, Sequence-to-sequence models, Language model, Candidate fusion BibRef

Zhao, R.B.[Ru-Bin], Zheng, X.L.[Xiao-Long], Ying, Z.H.[Zhi-Hua], Fan, L.Y.[Ling-Yan],
Localization of Pointed-At Word in Printed Documents via a Single Neural Network,
IEICE(E105-D), No. 5, May 2022, pp. 1075-1084.
WWW Link. 2205
BibRef

Luo, M.J.[Meng-Jie], Wang, D.Y.[Ding-Yi], Wang, X.Q.[Xiao-Qin], Qiao, S.S.[Shu-Shan], Zhou, Y.[Yumei],
Error-Diffusion Based Speech Feature Quantization for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting,
SPLetters(29), 2022, pp. 1357-1361.
IEEE DOI 2206
Quantization (signal), Task analysis, Spectrogram, Signal processing algorithms, Filter banks, Standards, convolutional neural networks BibRef

Kim, D.[Donghyeon], Ko, K.[Kyungdeuk], Han, D.K.[David K.], Ko, H.S.[Han-Seok],
Discriminatory and Orthogonal Feature Learning for Noise Robust Keyword Spotting,
SPLetters(29), 2022, pp. 1913-1917.
IEEE DOI 2209
Measurement, Computational modeling, Feature extraction, Mathematical models, Convolution, Training, Euclidean distance, metric learning BibRef

Lee, B.[Bokyeung], Kim, D.[Donghyeon], Kim, G.[Gwantae], Ko, H.S.[Han-Seok],
Channel Shuffle Neural Architecture Search for Key Word Spotting,
SPLetters(30), 2023, pp. 443-447.
IEEE DOI 2305
Complexity theory, Network architecture, Costs, Convolution, Computational modeling, Training, neural architecture search BibRef


Gurav, A.[Aniket], Jensen, J.[Joakim], Krishnan, N.C.[Narayanan C.], Chanda, S.[Sukalpa],
Respho(sc)net: A Zero-shot Learning Framework for Norwegian Handwritten Word Image Recognition,
IbPRIA23(182-196).
Springer DOI 2307
BibRef

Smyth, A.[Aidan], Lyons, N.[Niall], Wada, T.[Ted], Zopf, R.[Robert], Pandey, A.[Ashutosh], Santra, A.[Avik],
Robust Representations for Keyword Spotting Systems,
ICPR22(3210-3215)
IEEE DOI 2212
Perturbation methods, Feature extraction, Noise robustness, Reverberation, Noise measurement, quadruplet loss BibRef

Bansal, S.[Siddhant], Krishnan, P.[Praveen], Jawahar, C.V.,
Improving Word Recognition using Multiple Hypotheses and Deep Embeddings,
ICPR21(9499-9506)
IEEE DOI 2105
Image recognition, Text recognition, Boosting, Task analysis, Word recognition, word image embedding, Em-bedNet BibRef

Yu, W.W.[Wen-Wen], Lu, N.[Ning], Qi, X.[Xianbiao], Gong, P.[Ping], Xiao, R.[Rong],
PICK: Processing Key Information Extraction from Documents using Improved Graph Learning-Convolutional Networks,
ICPR21(4363-4370)
IEEE DOI 2105
Deep learning, Visualization, Text recognition, Layout, Semantics, Feature extraction, Information retrieval BibRef

Zhao, P.[Peng], Xue, W.Y.[Wen-Yuan], Li, Q.Y.[Qing-Yong], Cai, S.Q.[Si-Qi],
Query by Strings and Return Ranking Word Regions with Only One Look,
ACCV20(VI:3-18).
Springer DOI 2103
BibRef

Retsinas, G.[George], Louloudis, G.[Georgios], Stamatopoulos, N.[Nikolaos], Sfikas, G.[Giorgos], Gatos, B.[Basilis],
An Alternative Deep Feature Approach to Line Level Keyword Spotting,
CVPR19(12650-12658).
IEEE DOI 2002
BibRef

Abdelmoula, R.[Ramzi], Khamis, A.[Alaa], Karray, F.[Fakhri],
A Deep Learning-Based Noise-Resilient Keyword Spotting Engine for Embedded Platforms,
ICIAR19(II:134-146).
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Dang, Q.B., Coustaty, M., Luqman, M.M., Ogier, J.M., Tran, C.D.,
A randomized hierarchical trees indexing approach for camera-based information spotting,
ICPR18(3692-3697)
IEEE DOI 1812
BibRef

Bazazian, D., Karatzas, D., Bagdanov, A.D.,
Word Spotting in Scene Images Based on Character Recognition,
WiCV18(1953-19532)
IEEE DOI 1812
Proposals, Histograms, Character recognition, Text recognition, Detectors, Heating systems, Image recognition BibRef

Sfikas, G., Gatos, B., Nikou, C.,
Semicca: A new semi-supervised probabilistic CCA model for keyword spotting,
ICIP17(1107-1111)
IEEE DOI 1803
Computational modeling, Data models, Databases, Image segmentation, Mathematical model, Probabilistic logic, Training BibRef

He, D.F.[Da-Fang], Yang, X.[Xiao], Liang, C.[Chen], Zhou, Z.H.[Zi-Han], Ororbia, A.G.[Alexander G.], Kifer, D.[Daniel], Giles, C.L.[C. Lee],
Multi-scale FCN with Cascaded Instance Aware Segmentation for Arbitrary Oriented Word Spotting in the Wild,
CVPR17(474-483)
IEEE DOI 1711
Algorithm design and analysis, Feature extraction, Image segmentation, Neural networks, Proposals, Training BibRef

Sharma, A.[Arjun], Sankar, K.P.[K. Pramod],
Adapting off-the-shelf CNNs for word spotting & recognition,
ICDAR15(986-990)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Nagendar, G., Jawahar, C.V.,
Efficient word image retrieval using fast DTW distance,
ICDAR15(876-880)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Vidal, E.[Enrique], Toselli, A.H.[Alejandro H.], Puigcerver, J.[Joan],
High performance Query-by-Example keyword spotting using Query-by-String techniques,
ICDAR15(741-745)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Bui, Q.A.[Quang Anh], Visani, M.[Muriel], Mullot, R.[Remy],
Unsupervised word spotting using a graph representation based on invariants,
ICDAR15(616-620)
IEEE DOI 1511
Graph Edit Distance;Invariant;Word Spotting BibRef

Sudholt, S.[Sebastian], Rothacker, L.[Leonard], Fink, G.A.[Gernot A.],
Learning local image descriptors for word spotting,
ICDAR15(651-655)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Sfikas, G.[Giorgos], Giotis, A.P.[Angelos P.], Louloudis, G.[Georgios], Gatos, B.[Basilis],
Using attributes for word spotting and recognition in polytonic greek documents,
ICDAR15(686-690)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E.[Ergina],
Word segmentation using Wigner-Ville distribution,
ICDAR15(701-705)
IEEE DOI 1511
Document image;Wigner-Ville distribution;word segmentation BibRef

Silberpfennig, A.[Adi], Wolf, L.B.[Lior B.], Dershowitz, N.[Nachum], Bhagesh, S.[Seraogi], Chaudhuri, B.B.[Bidyut B.],
Improving OCR for an under-resourced script using unsupervised word-spotting,
ICDAR15(706-710)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Howe, N.R.[Nicholas R.],
Inkball models for character localization and out-of-vocabulary word spotting,
ICDAR15(381-385)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Gordo, A.[Albert],
Supervised mid-level features for word image representation,
CVPR15(2956-2964)
IEEE DOI 1510
BibRef

Ghosh, S.K.[Suman K.], Valveny, E.[Ernest],
A Sliding Window Framework for Word Spotting Based on Word Attributes,
IbPRIA15(652-661).
Springer DOI 1506
BibRef

Ranjan, V.[Viresh], Harit, G.[Gaurav], Jawahar, C.V.,
Enhancing Word Image Retrieval in Presence of Font Variations,
ICPR14(2709-2714)
IEEE DOI 1412
Adaptation models; Image retrieval; Kernel; Optimization; Training; Vectors BibRef

Chatbri, H.[Houssem], Kwan, P.[Paul], Kameyama, K.[Keisuke],
An Application-Independent and Segmentation-Free Approach for Spotting Queries in Document Images,
ICPR14(2891-2896)
IEEE DOI 1412
Educational institutions BibRef

Rabaev, I.[Irina], Dinstein, I.[Itshak], El-Sana, J.[Jihad], Kedem, K.[Klara],
Segmentation-Free Keyword Retrieval in Historical Document Images,
ICIAR14(I: 369-378).
Springer DOI 1410
BibRef

Fischer, A., Frinken, V., Bunke, H., Suen, C.Y.,
Improving HMM-Based Keyword Spotting with Character Language Models,
ICDAR13(506-510)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Aldavert, D., Rusinol, M., Toledo, R., Llados, J.,
Integrating Visual and Textual Cues for Query-by-String Word Spotting,
ICDAR13(511-515)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Krishnan, P.[Praveen], Jawahar, C.V.,
Matching Handwritten Document Images,
ECCV16(I: 766-782).
Springer DOI 1611
BibRef

Krishnan, P., Jawahar, C.V.,
Bringing Semantics in Word Image Retrieval,
ICDAR13(733-737)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Shekhar, R., Jawahar, C.V.,
Document Specific Sparse Coding for Word Retrieval,
ICDAR13(643-647)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Dovgalecs, V., Burnett, A., Tranouez, P., Nicolas, S., Heutte, L.,
Spot It! Finding Words and Patterns in Historical Documents,
ICDAR13(1039-1043)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Mondal, T., Ragot, N., Ramel, J.Y., Pal, U.,
A Fast Word Retrieval Technique Based on Kernelized Locality Sensitive Hashing,
ICDAR13(1195-1199)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Wang, P.[Peng], Eglin, V.[Véronique], Largeron, C.[Christine],
Exploring Interest Points and Local Descriptors for Word Spotting Application on Historical Handwriting Images,
CAIP13(II:408-415).
Springer DOI 1311
BibRef

Ajmera, J.[Jitendra], Deshmukh, O.D.[Om D],
Combining text and prosodic analysis for prominent word detection,
ICPR12(1534-1537).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Fernandez, D., Llados, J.[Josep], Fornes, A.[Alicia], Manmatha, R.,
On Influence of Line Segmentation in Efficient Word Segmentation in Old Manuscripts,
FHR12(763-768).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Chaari, A.[Abir], Drira, F.[Fadoua], Alimi, A.M.[Adel M.], Egyed-Zsigmond, E.[Elod], Le Bourgeois, F.[Franck],
New Protocol Design for Wordspotting Assistance System: Case Study of the Collaborative Library Model - ARMARIUS,
FHR12(780-785).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Lee, D.R.[Duk-Ryong], Hong, W.[Wonju], Oh, I.S.[Il-Seok],
Segmentation-free word spotting using SIFT,
Southwest12(65-68).
IEEE DOI 1205
BibRef

Genzel, D.[Dmitriy], Popat, A.C.[Ashok C.], Spasojevic, N.[Nemanja], Jahr, M.[Michael], Senior, A.[Andrew], Ie, E.[Eugene], Tang, F.Y.F.[Frank Yung-Fong],
Translation-Inspired OCR,
ICDAR11(1339-1343).
IEEE DOI 1111
Statistical Language model in OCR BibRef

Smith, R.[Ray],
Limits on the Application of Frequency-Based Language Models to OCR,
ICDAR11(538-542).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Praveen, M.S.[M. Sudha], Sankar, K.P.[K. Pramod], Jawahar, C.V.,
Character n-Gram Spotting in Document Images,
ICDAR11(941-945).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Colutto, S.[Sebastian], Gatos, B.[Basilis],
Efficient Word Recognition Using a Pixel-Based Dissimilarity Measure,
ICDAR11(1110-1114).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Gatos, B., Kesidis, A.L., Papandreou, A.,
Adaptive Zoning Features for Character and Word Recognition,
ICDAR11(1160-1164).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Kesidis, A.L., Gatos, B.,
Efficient Cut-Off Threshold Estimation for Word Spotting Applications,
ICDAR11(279-283).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Saabni, R.[Raid], Bronstein, A.M.[Alexander M.],
Fast Keyword Searching Using 'BoostMap' Based Embedding,
FHR12(734-739).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef
Earlier:
Fast Key-Word Searching via Embedding and Active-DTW,
ICDAR11(68-72).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Wei, H.X.[Hong-Xi], Gao, G.L.[Guang-Lai], Bao, Y.[Yulai],
A Method for Removing Inflectional Suffixes in Word Spotting of Mongolian Kanjur,
ICDAR11(88-92).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Tsuruoka, S.J.[Shin-Ji], Hattori, M.[Masahiro], bin Abdul Kadir, M.F.[Mohd Fadzil], Takano, T.[Toshiaki], Kawanaka, H.[Hiroharu], Takase, H.[Haruhiko], Miyake, Y.[Yasuji],
Personal Dictionaries for Handwritten Character Recognition Using Characters Written by a Similar Writer,
FHR10(599-604).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Packer, E.[Eli], Tzadok, A.[Asaf], Kluzner, V.[Vladimir],
alpha-Shape Based Classification with Applications to Optical Character Recognition,
ICDAR11(344-348).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Pletschacher, S.[Stefan], Hu, J.Y.[Jian-Ying], Antonacopoulos, A.[Apostolos],
A New Framework for Recognition of Heavily Degraded Characters in Historical Typewritten Documents Based on Semi-Supervised Clustering,
ICDAR09(506-510).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Quiniou, S.[Solen], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed], Anquetil, E.[Eric],
Handling Out-of-Vocabulary Words and Recognition Errors Based on Word Linguistic Context for Handwritten Sentence Recognition,
ICDAR09(466-470).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Palshikar, G.K.[Girish Keshav],
Keyword Extraction from a Single Document Using Centrality Measures,
PReMI07(503-510).
Springer DOI 0712
BibRef

Kramer, M., Kaprykowsky, H., Keysers, D., Breuel, T.M.,
Bibliographic Meta-Data Extraction Using Probabilistic Finite State Transducers,
ICDAR07(609-613).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Taghva, K., Beckley, R., Coombs, J.,
Extracting 'Carbon Copy' Names and Organizations from a Heterogeneous Document Collection,
ICDAR07(664-668).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Wick, M., Ross, M., Learned-Miller, E.G.,
Context-Sensitive Error Correction: Using Topic Models to Improve OCR,
ICDAR07(1168-1172).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Li, L., Lu, S.J., Tan, C.L.,
A Fast Keyword-Spotting Technique,
ICDAR07(68-72).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Choisy, C.,
Dynamic Handwritten Keyword Spotting Based on the NSHP-HMM,
ICDAR07(242-246).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Banerjee, S.[Sameek], Harit, G.[Gaurav], Chaudhury, S.[Santanu],
Word image based latent semantic indexing for conceptual querying in document image databases,
ICDAR07(1208-1212).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Hamamura, T.[Tomoyuki], Akagi, T.[Takuma], Irie, B.[Bunpei],
Bayesian Best-First Search for Pattern Recognition: Application to Address Recognition,
ICDAR09(461-465).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Hamamura, T.[Tomoyuki], Akagi, T.[Takuma], Irie, B.[Bunpei],
An A Posteriori Probability Calculation Method for Analytic Word Recognition Applicable to Address Recognition,
ICDAR09(391-395).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef
Earlier:
An Analytic Word Recognition Algorithm Using a Posteriori Probability,
ICDAR07(669-673).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Lu, S., Tan, C.L.,
Keyword Spotting and Retrieval of Document Images Captured by a Digital Camera,
ICDAR07(994-998).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Miller, T.[Tristan], Wolf, E.[Elisabeth],
Word Completion with Latent Semantic Analysis,
ICPR06(I: 1252-1255).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Li, T.[Teng], Kweon, I.S.[In-So],
Measuring conceptual relation of visual words for visual categorization,
ICIP09(2057-2060).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Kim, S.[Sungho], Kweon, I.S.[In So],
Simultaneous Classification and Visual Word Selection using Entropy-based Minimum Description Length,
ICPR06(I: 650-653).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Terasawa, K.[Kengo], Nagasaki, T.[Takeshi], Kawashima, T.[Toshio],
Automatic Keyword Extraction from Historical Document Images,
DAS06(413-424).
Springer DOI 0602
BibRef
Earlier:
Eigenspace method for text retrieval in historical document images,
ICDAR05(I: 437-441).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Lu, Y.[Yue], Zhang, L.[Li], Tan, C.L.,
Retrieving imaged documents in digital libraries based on word image coding,
DIAL04(174-187).
IEEE DOI 0404
BibRef

Lin, X.F.[Xiao-Fan],
Impact of imperfect OCR on part-of-speech tagging,
ICDAR03(284-288).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Lucas, S.M., Patoulas, G., Downton, A.C.,
Fast Lexicon-based word recognition in noisy index card images,
ICDAR03(462-466).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Sako, H.[Hiroshi], Furukawa, N.[Naohiro], Fujio, M.[Masakazu], Watanabe, S.[Shigeru],
Document-Form Identification Using Constellation Matching of Keywords Abstracted by Character Recognition,
DAS02(261 ff.).
Springer DOI 0303
BibRef

Bloomberg, D.S., Minka, T.P., Popat, K.,
Document image decoding using Iterated Complete Path search with subsampled heuristic scoring,
ICDAR01(344-349).
IEEE DOI 0109
Heuristics in decoding text line. BibRef

Manmatha, R., Srimal, N.,
Scale space technique for word segmentation in handwritten manuscripts,
ScaleSpace99(22-33). BibRef 9900

Kang, Y.B.[Yong-Bin], Ok, S.Y.[Se-Young], Cho, H.G.[Hwan-Gue],
Character Grouping Technique Using 3-D Neighborhood Graphs in Raster Map,
ICPR98(Vol II: 1092-1094).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Henry, J.L.[Jean-Luc],
Use of an Evolutive Base of Models in a System for Reading Printed Texts,
ICPR98(Vol I: 802-804).
IEEE DOI 9808
BibRef

Burl, M.C.[Michael C.], Perona, P.[Pietro],
Using Hierarchical Shape Models to Spot Keywords in Cursive Handwriting Data,
CVPR98(535-540).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9800

Özdil, M.A.[Mehmet Ali], Yarman-Vural, F.T.[Fatop T.], Arica, N.[Nafiz],
Optical Character Recognition Without Segmentation,
CIAP97(II: 608-615).
Springer DOI 9709
BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1 Only: ICDAR97(483-486).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Navoni, L., Canegallo, R., Chinosi, M., Gozzini, G., Kramer, A., Rolandi, P.L.,
Word Recognition Using Associative Memory,
ICDAR97(97-101).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Ng, K.S., Cheng, L.M., Wong, C.H.,
Dynamic Word Based Text Compression,
ICDAR97(412-416).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Spitz, A.L.,
Moby Dick Meets GEOCR: Lexical Considerations in Word Recognition,
ICDAR97(221-226).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Malburg, M.,
Comparative Evaluation of Techniques for Word Recognition Improvement by Incorporation of Syntactic Information,
ICDAR97(784-787).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Nobile, N., Bergler, S., Suen, C.Y., Khoury, S.,
Language Identification of On-Line Documents Using Word Shapes,
ICDAR97(258-262).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

Sibun, P., Reynar, J.,
Language Identification: Examining the Issues,
SDAIR96(125-135). BibRef 9600

Wood, S.L., Yao, X.Z.[Xiao-Zhong], Krishnamurthi, K., Dang, L.,
Language Identification for Printed Text Independent of Segmentation,
ICIP95(III: 428-431).
IEEE DOI 9510
BibRef

Burge, M.[Mark], Monagan, G.[Gladys],
Extracting words and multi-part symbols in graphics rich documents,
CIAP95(533-538).
Springer DOI 9509
BibRef

Congedo, G., Dimauro, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G., Sfregola, D.,
A robust analytical approach for handwritten word recognition,
CIAP95(594-599).
Springer DOI 9509
BibRef
Earlier:
Describing words by graphs,
CIAP95(515-520).
Springer DOI 9509
BibRef

Dimauro, G., Gerardi, G., Impedovo, S., Pirlo, G., Tegolo, D.,
Integration of a structural features-based preclassifier and a man-machine interactive classifier for a fast multi-stroke character recognition,
ICPR92(IV:190-194).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Harmalkar, S., Sinha, R.M.K.,
Integrating word level knowledge in text recognition,
ICPR90(I: 758-760).
IEEE DOI 9006
BibRef

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Text only Analysis .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19