25.4.2.3 Font Recognition, Multiple Fonts, Script Type, etc.

Chapter Contents (Back)
Font Recognition. Multi-Font. Multi-Script.

Kopec, G.E.,
Least-squares font metric estimation from images,
IP(2), No. 4, October 1993, pp. 510-519.
IEEE DOI 0402
BibRef

Liu, C.N., and Shelton, G.L.,
An Experimental Investigation of a Mixed Font Print Recognition System,
TC(15), No. 6, December 1966, pp. 916-925. The IBM font recognition work using N-Tuples. BibRef 6612

Morris, R.A.[Robert A.],
Classification of digital typefaces using spectral signatures,
PR(25), No. 8, August 1992, pp. 869-876.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Wang, J.[Jin], Jean, J.[Jack],
Resolving multifont character confusion with neural networks,
PR(26), No. 1, January 1993, pp. 175-187.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef

Khoubyari, S., Hull, J.J.,
Font and Function Word Identification in Document Recognition,
CVIU(63), No. 1, January 1996, pp. 66-74.
DOI Link BibRef 9601

Augusteijn, M.F., Warrender, C.E.,
Image Indexing Applied to Typewriter Font Identification,
NeurCompApp(4), No. 4, 1996, pp. 209-217. 9701
BibRef

Krtolica, R.V.[Radovan V.], Malitsky, S.[Sofya],
Multifont optical character recognition using a box connectivity approach,
US_Patent5,539,840, 07/23/1996.
HTML Version. Features computed within the bounding rectangle. BibRef 9607

Krtolica, R.V.[Radovan V.], Melen, R.D.[Roger D.],
Image recognition through localized interpretation,
US_Patent6,259,814, Jul 10, 2001
WWW Link. OCR BibRef 0107

Krtolica, R.V.,
Learning Character Recognition by Localized Interpretation of Character-Images,
ICIP97(III: 292-295).
IEEE DOI BibRef 9700

Zramdini, A.[Abdelwahab], and Ingold, R.[Rolf],
Optical Font Recognition Using Typographical Features,
PAMI(20), No. 8, August 1998, pp. 877-882.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9808
Earlier:
ApOFIS: an A priori optical font identification system,
CIAP95(527-532).
Springer DOI 9509
Identify the font -- typeface, weight, slope and size -- not the characters. BibRef

Omachi, S.[Shin'ichiro], Inoue, M.[Masaki], Aso, H.[Hirotomo],
Structure Extraction from Decorated Characters Using Multiscale Images,
PAMI(23), No. 3, March 2001, pp. 315-322.
IEEE DOI 0103
BibRef
Earlier:
Structure Extraction from Various Kinds of Decorated Characters Using Multi-scale Images,
ICPR00(Vol IV: 455-458).
IEEE DOI 0009
Decorated characters: Fancy characters, not the ones in illuminated manuscripts. Multiscale images are used for structure extraction, then match on the character structure. BibRef

Iwamura, M., Negishi, K., Omachi, S., Aso, H.,
Isolated character recognition by searching feature points,
ICDAR05(II: 1035-1039).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Chaudhuri, B.B., Garain, U.,
Extraction of type style-based meta-information from imaged documents,
IJDAR(3), No. 3, 2001, pp. 138-149.
Springer DOI 0105
BibRef

Zhu, Y.[Yong], Tan, T.N.[Tie-Niu], Wang, Y.H.[Yun-Hong],
Font Recognition Based on Global Texture Analysis,
PAMI(23), No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1192-1200.
IEEE DOI 0110
Find the font from texture features, not analysis of individual characters. BibRef

Pal, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Identification of different script lines from multi-script documents,
IVC(20), No. 13-14, December 2002, pp. 945-954.
Elsevier DOI 0212
BibRef
And: Correction: IVC(21), No. 11, October 2003, pp. 1017.
Elsevier DOI 0310
BibRef

Pal, U., Sinha, S., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Multi-oriented English Text Line Identification,
SCIA03(1146-1153).
Springer DOI 0310
BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Yuan, Z.H.[Ze-Huan], Zhao, D.[Danni], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
New Gradient-Spatial-Structural Features for video script identification,
CVIU(130), No. 1, 2015, pp. 35-53.
Elsevier DOI 1411
Video text blocks BibRef

Yuan, Z.H.[Ze-Huan], Lu, T.[Tong], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Learning discriminated and correlated patches for multi-view object detection using sparse coding,
PR(69), No. 1, 2017, pp. 26-38.
Elsevier DOI 1706
Multi-view object detection BibRef

Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Sharma, N.[Nabin], Pal, U.[Umapada], Blumenstein, M.[Michael], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Gradient-Angular-Features for Word-wise Video Script Identification,
ICPR14(3098-3103)
IEEE DOI 1412
Equations BibRef

Sharma, N., Chanda, S., Pal, U., Blumenstein, M.,
Word-Wise Script Identification from Video Frames,
ICDAR13(867-871)
IEEE DOI 1312
Zernike polynomials BibRef

Sinha, S.[Suranjit], Pal, U.[Umapada], Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Word-Wise Script Identification from Indian Documents,
DAS04(310-321).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Pal, U., Sinha, S., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Multi-script line identification from Indian documents,
ICDAR03(880-884).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Namboodiri, A.M.[Anoop M.], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.],
Online Handwritten Script Recognition,
PAMI(26), No. 1, January 2004, pp. 124-130.
IEEE Abstract. 0401
BibRef
Earlier:
On-line script recognition,
ICPR02(III: 736-739).
IEEE DOI 0211
Classify words and lines into Arabic, Cyrillic, Devnagari, Han, Hebrew, or Roman script. Use 11 spatial and temporal features for the strokes. Roughly 87% on words, 95% on 5-7 word lines. BibRef

Sarkar, P.[Prateek], Nagy, G.[George],
Style Consistent Classification of Isogenous Patterns,
PAMI(27), No. 1, January 2005, pp. 88-98.
IEEE Abstract. 0412
BibRef
Earlier:
Style-consistency in isogenous patterns,
ICDAR01(1169-1174).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef
And: A2, A1:
Document style census for OCR,
DIAL04(134-147).
IEEE DOI 0404
BibRef
Earlier:
Classification of Style-Constrained Pattern-Fields,
ICPR00(Vol II: 855-858).
IEEE DOI 0009
Classification by fields, i.e. a string is usually the same font. Extract regions of the same style (e.g. font).
See also Analytical Results on Style-Constrained Bayesian Classification of Pattern Fields. BibRef

Sarkar, P.[Prateek],
Image classification: Classifying distributions of visual features,
ICPR06(II: 472-475).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Sarkar, P.[Prateek],
An iterative algorithm for optimal style conscious field classification,
ICPR02(IV: 243-246).
IEEE DOI 0211
BibRef

Avilés-Cruz, C.[Carlos], Rangel-Kuoppa, R.[Risto], Reyes-Ayala, M.[Mario], Andrade-Gonzalez, A., Escarela-Perez, R.[Rafael],
High-order statistical texture analysis--font recognition applied,
PRL(26), No. 2, 15 January 2005, pp. 135-145.
Elsevier DOI 0501
Identify the font from texture. BibRef

Busch, A.[Andrew], Boles, W.W.[Wageeh W.], Sridharan, S.[Sridha],
Texture for Script Identification,
PAMI(27), No. 11, November 2005, pp. 1720-1732.
IEEE DOI 0510
BibRef

Busch, A.[Andrew],
Multi-font Script Identification Using Texture-Based Features,
ICIAR06(II: 844-852).
Springer DOI 0610
BibRef

Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Chen, L.[Li], Wu, T.[Tao],
Character Independent Font Recognition on a Single Chinese Character,
PAMI(29), No. 2, February 2007, pp. 195-204.
IEEE DOI 0701
Font recognition for any unknown Chinese Character. Font recognition improves with multiple characters. BibRef

Joshi, G.D.[Gopal Datt], Garg, S.[Saurabh], Sivaswamy, J.[Jayanthi],
A generalised framework for script identification,
IJDAR(10), No. 2, November 2007, pp. 55-68.
Springer DOI 0711
BibRef
Earlier:
Script Identification from Indian Documents,
DAS06(255-267).
Springer DOI 0602
BibRef

Hiremath, P.S., Shivashankar, S.,
Wavelet based co-occurrence histogram features for texture classification with an application to script identification in a document image,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1182-1189.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Wavelet transform; Texture features; Texture classification; Script identification; Document image; Gabor filters BibRef

Pati, P.B.[Peeta Basa], Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Word level multi-script identification,
PRL(29), No. 9, 1 July 2008, pp. 1218-1229.
Elsevier DOI 0711
Gabor filter; DCT; Script identification BibRef

Ghosh, D.[Debashis], Dube, T.[Tulika], Shivaprasad, A.[Adamane],
Script Recognition: A Review,
PAMI(32), No. 12, December 2010, pp. 2142-2161.
IEEE DOI 1011
Survey, Script Recognition. Identify the script before recognition. BibRef

Kae, A.[Andrew], Smith, D.A.[David A.], Learned-Miller, E.G.[Erik G.],
Learning on the Fly: A Font-Free Approach Toward Multilingual OCR,
IJDAR(14), No. 3, September 2011, pp. 289-301.
WWW Link. 1109
BibRef
Earlier: A1, A3, only:
Learning on the Fly: Font-Free Approaches to Difficult OCR Problems,
ICDAR09(571-575).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Solli, M.[Martin], Lenz, R.[Reiner],
A Font Search Engine for Large Font Databases,
ELCVIA(10), No. 1, 2011, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 1112
BibRef
Earlier:
FyFont: Find-your-Font in Large Font Databases,
SCIA07(432-441).
Springer DOI 0706
BibRef

Alabert, A.[Aureli], Rangel, L.M.[Luz Ma.],
Classifying the typefaces of the Gutenberg 42-line bible,
IJDAR(14), No. 4, December 2011, pp. 303-317.
WWW Link. 1112
BibRef

Zagoris, K.[Konstantinos], Pratikakis, I.[Ioannis], Antonacopoulos, A.[Apostolos], Gatos, B.[Basilis], Papamarkos, N.[Nikos],
Distinction between handwritten and machine-printed text based on the bag of visual words model,
PR(47), No. 3, 2014, pp. 1051-1062.
Elsevier DOI 1312
Bag of visual words BibRef

Kacem, A.[Afef], Saidani, A.[Asma], Belaid, A.[Abdel],
How to separate between Machine-Printed/Handwritten and Arabic/Latin Words?,
ELCVIA(13), No. 1, 2014, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 1405
BibRef

Saidani, A., Echi, A.K., Belaid, A.,
Identification of Machine-Printed and Handwritten Words in Arabic and Latin Scripts,
ICDAR13(798-802)
IEEE DOI 1312
Bayes methods BibRef

Saidani, A.[Asma], Kacem, A.[Afef], Belaid, A.[Abdel],
Arabic/Latin and Machine-printed/Handwritten Word Discrimination using HOG-based Shape Descriptor,
ELCVIA(14), No. 2, 2015, pp. xx-yy.
DOI Link 1601
BibRef
Earlier:
Co-occurrence Matrix of Oriented Gradients for word script and nature identification,
ICDAR15(16-20)
IEEE DOI 1511
AODEsr BibRef

Bozkurt, A.[Alican], Duygulu, P.[Pinar], Cetin, A.E.[A. Enis],
Classifying fonts and calligraphy styles using complex wavelet transform,
SIViP(9), No. 1 Supp, December 2015, pp. 225-234.
WWW Link. 1601
BibRef

Arabnejad, E.[Ehsan], Moghaddam, R.F.[Reza Farrahi], Cheriet, M.[Mohamed],
PSI: Patch-Based Script Identification Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization,
PR(67), No. 1, 2017, pp. 328-339.
Elsevier DOI 1704
Script identification BibRef

Han, X.K.[Xing-Kun], Aysa, A.[Alimjan], Mamat, H.[Hornisa], Yadikar, N.[Nurbiya], Ubul, K.[Kurban],
Script Identification of Central Asia Based on Fused Texture Features,
ICPR18(3675-3680)
IEEE DOI 1812
Feature extraction, Support vector machines, Transforms, Gray-scale, Kernel, Data mining, Filter banks, script identification, support vector machine BibRef

Jiang, S., Wang, Z., Hertzmann, A., Jin, H., Fu, Y.,
Visual Font Pairing,
MultMed(22), No. 8, August 2020, pp. 2086-2097.
IEEE DOI 2007
Portable document format, Visualization, Task analysis, Layout, Measurement, Internet, Training, Font, pairing, recommendation, metric learning BibRef

Cheikhrouhou, A.[Ahmed], Kessentini, Y.[Yousri], Kanoun, S.[Slim],
Multi-task learning for simultaneous script identification and keyword spotting in document images,
PR(113), 2021, pp. 107832.
Elsevier DOI 2103
CBP, CTC, Keyword spotting, Script identification, Handwritten BibRef

Li, X.M.[Xiao-Meng], Zhan, H.J.[Hong-Jian], Shivakumara, P.[Palaiahnakote], Pal, U.[Umapada], Lu, Y.[Yue],
SANet-SI: A new Self-Attention-Network for Script Identification in scene images,
PRL(171), 2023, pp. 45-52.
Elsevier DOI 2306
Script identification, Feature fusion, Language identification BibRef


Kang, J.[Jihun], Haraguchi, D.[Daichi], Matsuda, S.[Seiya], Kimura, A.[Akisato], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Shared Latent Space of Font Shapes and Their Noisy Impressions,
MMMod22(II:146-157).
Springer DOI 2203
BibRef

Shimoda, W.[Wataru], Haraguchi, D.[Daichi], Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Yamaguchi, K.[Kota],
De-rendering Stylized Texts,
ICCV21(1056-1065)
IEEE DOI 2203
Editing appearance of text. Graphics, Image resolution, Web pages, Media, Rendering (computer graphics), Task analysis, Scene analysis and understanding BibRef

Goel, N., Sharma, M., Vig, L.,
Font-ProtoNet: Prototypical Network based Font Identification of Document Images in Low Data Regime,
WTDDL20(2369-2376)
IEEE DOI 2008
Training, Euclidean distance, Visualization, Prototypes, Image recognition, Feature extraction, Character recognition BibRef

Chen, T.L.[Tian-Lang], Wang, Z.W.[Zhao-Wen], Xu, N.[Ning], Jin, H.L.[Hai-Lin], Luo, J.B.[Jie-Bo],
Large-Scale Tag-Based Font Retrieval With Generative Feature Learning,
ICCV19(9115-9124)
IEEE DOI 2004
feature extraction, image reconstruction, image retrieval, learning (artificial intelligence), Image recognition BibRef

Kumar Bhunia, A., Kumar Bhunia, A., Banerjee, P., Konwer, A., Bhowmick, A., Pratim Roy, P., Pal, U.,
Word Level Font-to-Font Image Translation using Convolutional Recurrent Generative Adversarial Networks,
ICPR18(3645-3650)
IEEE DOI 1812
Generative adversarial networks, Generators, Computer architecture, Image resolution, Videos, Printed text, Image to Image Translation BibRef

Azadi, S., Fisher, M., Kim, V., Wang, Z., Shechtman, E., Darrell, T.J.,
Multi-content GAN for Few-Shot Font Style Transfer,
CVPR18(7564-7573)
IEEE DOI 1812
Shape, Generators, Image color analysis, Generative adversarial networks, Training, Gray-scale BibRef

Zhang, J.L.[Jiu-Long], Guo, L.M.[Lu-Ming], Yang, S.[Su], Sun, X.D.[Xu-Dong], Li, X.S.[Xiao-Shan],
Detecting Chinese calligraphy style consistency by deep learning and one-class SVM,
ICIVC17(83-86)
IEEE DOI 1708
Computational modeling, Feature extraction, Standards, Sun, Support vector machines, Training, Visualization, Chinese calligraphy, calligraphy style, deep learning, feature, extraction BibRef

Ishibashi, K.[Ken], Miyata, K.[Kazunori],
Edit-Based Font Search,
MMMod16(I: 550-561).
Springer DOI 1601
BibRef

Bui, T.[Tu], Collomosse, J.[John],
Font finder: Visual recognition of typeface in printed documents,
ICIP15(3926-3930)
IEEE DOI 1511
Logistic Regression BibRef

Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Egashira, Y.J.[Yu-Ji], Sato, K.[Kota],
Exploring the world of fonts for discovering the most standard fonts and the missing fonts,
ICDAR15(441-445)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Bertrand, R.[Romain], Terrades, O.R.[Oriol Ramos], Gomez-Kramer, P.[Petra], Franco, P.[Patrick], Ogier, J.M.[Jean-Marc],
A Conditional Random Field model for font forgery detection,
ICDAR15(576-580)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Maitra, D.S.[Durjoy Sen], Bhattacharya, U.[Ujjwal], Parui, S.K.[Swapan K.],
CNN based common approach to handwritten character recognition of multiple scripts,
ICDAR15(1021-1025)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Jetley, S.[Saumya], Mehrotra, K.[Kapil], Vaze, A.[Atish], Belhe, S.[Swapnil],
Multi-script Identification from Printed Words,
ICIAR14(I: 359-368).
Springer DOI 1410
BibRef

Al Azawi, M.[Mayce], Liwicki, M.[Marcus], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Combination of multiple aligned recognition outputs using WFST and LSTM,
ICDAR15(31-35)
IEEE DOI 1511
BibRef

Al Azawi, M.[Mayce], Ul Hasan, A.[Adnan], Liwicki, M.[Marcus], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Character-Level Alignment Using WFST and LSTM for Post-processing in Multi-script Recognition Systems - A Comparative Study,
ICIAR14(I: 379-386).
Springer DOI 1410
BibRef

Chen, G.[Guang], Yang, J.C.[Jian-Chao], Jin, H.L.[Hai-Lin], Brandt, J.[Jonathan], Shechtman, E.[Eli], Agarwala, A.[Aseem], Han, T.X.[Tony X.],
Large-Scale Visual Font Recognition,
CVPR14(3598-3605)
IEEE DOI 1409
character recognition BibRef

Brodic, D.[Darko], Milivojevic, Z.N.[Zoran N.], Maluckov, C.A.[Cedomir A.],
Script Characterization in the Old Slavic Documents,
ICISP14(230-238).
Springer DOI 1406
BibRef

Nakamoto, C.[Chihiro], Huang, R.[Rong], Koizumi, S.[Sota], Ishida, R.[Ryosuke], Feng, Y.[Yaokai], Uchida, S.[Seiichi],
Font Distribution Observation by Network-Based Analysis,
CBDAR13(83-97).
Springer DOI 1404
BibRef

Ferrer, M.A., Morales, A., Pal, U.,
LBP Based Line-Wise Script Identification,
ICDAR13(369-373)
IEEE DOI 1312
document image processing BibRef

Hangarge, M., Santosh, K.C., Pardeshi, R.,
Directional Discrete Cosine Transform for Handwritten Script Identification,
ICDAR13(344-348)
IEEE DOI 1312
discrete cosine transforms BibRef

Rani, R., Dhir, R., Lehal, G.S.,
Script Identification of Pre-segmented Multi-font Characters and Digits,
ICDAR13(1150-1154)
IEEE DOI 1312
gradient methods BibRef

Siriteerakul, T.,
Mixed Thai-English Character Classification Based on Histogram of Oriented Gradient Feature,
ICDAR13(847-851)
IEEE DOI 1312
character recognition BibRef

Al-Khaffaf, H.S.M.[Hasan S. M.], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Cutter, M.P.[Michael P.], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
On the performance of Decapod's digital font reconstruction,
ICPR12(649-652).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Roy, K., Das, S.K., Obaidullah, S.M.,
Script Identification from Handwritten Document,
NCVPRIPG11(66-69).
IEEE DOI 1205
BibRef

Roy, K.[Kaushik], Alaei, A.[Alireza], Pal, U.[Umapada],
Word-Wise Handwritten Persian and Roman Script Identification,
FHR10(628-633).
IEEE DOI 1011
BibRef

Rashid, S.F.[Sheikh Faisal], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
An Evaluation of HMM-Based Techniques for the Recognition of Screen Rendered Text,
ICDAR11(1260-1264).
IEEE DOI 1111
BibRef

Rashid, S.F.[Sheikh Faisal], Shafait, F.[Faisal], Breuel, T.M.[Thomas M.],
Discriminative learning for script recognition,
ICIP10(2145-2148).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Kataria, S.[Saurabh], Marchesotti, L.[Luca], Perronnin, F.[Florent],
Font retrieval on a large scale: An experimental study,
ICIP10(2177-2180).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef

Lidke, J.[Jakub], Thurau, C.[Christian], Bauckhage, C.[Christian],
The Snippet Statistics of Font Recognition,
ICPR10(1868-1871).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Pletschacher, S.[Stefan],
A Self-Adaptive Method for Extraction of Document-Specific Alphabets,
ICDAR09(656-660).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Eynard, L.[Loris], Emptoz, H.[Hubert],
Italic or Roman: Word Style Recognition without A Priori Knowledge for Old Printed Documents,
ICDAR09(823-827).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Roy, K.[Kaushik], Majumder, K.[Kinshuk],
Trilingual Script Separation of Handwritten Postal Document,
ICCVGIP08(693-700).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Neeba, N.V., Jawahar, C.V.,
Recognition of books by verification and retraining,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
Adapt to the font in the book. BibRef

Li, L.L.[Lin-Lin], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Script identification of camera-based images,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Tay, K.S.[Kah Seng], Koile, K.[Kimberle],
Improving digital ink interpretation through expected type prediction and dynamic dispatch,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Moussa, S.B.[S. Ben], Zahour, A., Benabdelhafid, A., Alimi, A.M.,
Fractal-based system for Arabic/Latin, printed/handwritten script identification,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Koyama, J., Hirose, A., Kato, M.,
Local-spectrum-based distinction between handwritten and machine-printed characters,
ICIP08(1021-1024).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef

Huang, G.B., Learned-Miller, E.G., McCallum, A.,
Cryptogram Decoding for OCR Using Numerization Strings,
ICDAR07(208-212).
IEEE DOI 0709
For multiple (arbitrary) fonts. BibRef

Dhandra, B.V., Nagabhushan, P., Hangarge, M.[Mallikarjun], Hegadi, R.[Ravindra], Malemath, V.S.,
Script Identification Based on Morphological Reconstruction in Document Images,
ICPR06(II: 950-953).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Sun, H.M.[Hung-Ming],
Multi-Linguistic Optical Font Recognition Using Stroke Templates,
ICPR06(II: 889-892).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Tsuji, T.[Tomohiko], Horimatsu, A.[Akira], Kise, K.[Koichi],
Real-Time Camera-Based Recognition of Characters and Pictograms,
ICDAR09(76-80).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Hattori, R.[Ryoji], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Kise, K.[Koichi],
Conspicuous Character Patterns,
ICDAR09(16-20).
IEEE DOI 0907
BibRef

Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Kise, K.[Koichi],
Affine Invariant Information Embedment for Accurate Camera-Based Character Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1098-1101).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Uchida, S.[Seiichi], Iwamura, M.[Masakazu], Omachi, S.[Shinichiro], Kise, K.[Koichi],
OCR Fonts Revisited for Camera-Based Character Recognition,
ICPR06(II: 1134-1137).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wang, H.[Hua],
Multilingual document recognition research and its application in China,
DIAL06(126-132).
IEEE DOI 0604
BibRef

Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing], Wen, D.[Di], Peng, L.R.[Liang-Rui], Liu, C.S.[Chang-Song],
Document digitization technology and its application for digital library in China,
DIAL04(46-53).
IEEE DOI 0404
BibRef

Chen, L.[Li], Ding, X.Q.[Xiao-Qing],
A universal method for single character type recognition,
ICPR04(I: 413-416).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Hase, H., Shinokawa, T., Tokai, S., Suen, C.Y.,
A robust method of recognizing multi-font rotated characters,
ICPR04(II: 363-366).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Zhang, L.[Li], Lu, Y.[Yue], Tan, C.L.[Chew Lim],
Italic font recognition using stroke pattern analysis on wavelet decomposed word images,
ICPR04(IV: 835-838).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Seropian, A., Grimaldi, M., Vincent, N.,
Differentiation of alphabets in handwritten texts,
ICPR04(II: 622-625).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Kavallieratou, E., Stamatatos, S.,
Discrimination of machine-printed from handwritten text using simple structural characteristics,
ICPR04(I: 437-440).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Lee, C.W.[Chang Woo], Kang, H.[Hyun], Jung, K.C.[Kee-Chul], Kim, H.J.[Hang Joon],
Font Classification Using NMF,
CAIP03(470-477).
Springer DOI 0311
BibRef

Ablavsky, V., Stevens, M.R.,
Automatic feature selection with applications to script identification of degraded documents,
ICDAR03(750-754).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Dhanya, D., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Script Identification in Printed Bilingual Documents,
DAS02(13 ff.).
Springer DOI 0303
BibRef

Dhanya, D., Ramakrishnan, A.G.,
Optimal Feature Extraction for Bilingual OCR,
DAS02(25 ff.).
Springer DOI 0303
BibRef

Pal, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.,
Automatic identification of English, Chinese, Arabic, Devnagari and Bangla script line,
ICDAR01(790-794).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Tho, Y.[Yu], Tang, Y.Y.,
Discrimination of Oriental and Euramerican scripts using fractal feature,
ICDAR01(1115-1119).
IEEE DOI 0109
BibRef

Shi, H., Pavlidis, T.,
Font Recognition and Contextual Processing for More Accurate Text Recognition,
ICDAR97(39-44).
IEEE DOI 9708
BibRef

de Muelenaere, P., Dauw, M., Legat, J.D.,
Omnifont recognition of text using topological recognition techniques,
ICPR92(II:410-413).
IEEE DOI 9208
BibRef

Chapter on OCR, Document Analysis and Character Recognition Systems continues in
Font Generation, Font Synthesis, Multiple Fonts .


Last update:Mar 16, 2024 at 20:36:19