22.2.2.6.6 Face Three-Dimensional Model Generation for Recognition, 3-D Models

Nandy, D.[Dibyendu], Ben-Arie, J.[Jezekiel],
Shape from Recognition: A Novel Approach for 3-D Face Shape Recovery,
IP(10), No. 2, February 2001, pp. 206-217.
IEEE DOI 0104
BibRef
Earlier:
Shape from Recognition and Learning: Recovery of 3D Face Shapes,
CVPR99(II: 2-7).
IEEE DOI BibRef
Earlier: A2, A1:
A neural network approach for reconstructing surface shape from shading,
ICIP98(II: 972-976).
IEEE DOI 9810

See also Volumetric/Iconic Frequency-Domain Representation for Objects with Application for Pose Invariant Face Recognition, A. BibRef

Li, Y.M.[Yong-Min], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Liddell, H.[Heather],
Constructing Facial Identity Surfaces for Recognition,
IJCV(53), No. 1, June 2003, pp. 71-92.
DOI Link 0304
BibRef
Earlier:
Constructing Facial Identity Surfaces in a Nonlinear Discriminating Space,
CVPR01(II:258-263).
IEEE DOI 0110
BibRef

Li, Y.M.[Yong-Min], Gong, S.G.[Shao-Gang], Liddell, H.[Heather],
Recognising Trajectories of Facial Identities Using Kernel Discriminant Analysis,
IVC(21), No. 12-13, December 2003, pp. 1077-1086.
Elsevier DOI 0401
BibRef
Earlier: BMVC01(Session 6: Faces).
HTML Version. 0110
BibRef
Earlier:
Constructing Structures of Facial Identities on the View Sphere Using Kernel Discriminant Analysis,
SCTV01(xx-yy). 0106
BibRef
And:
Modelling Faces Dynamically across Views and Over Time,
ICCV01(I: 554-559).
IEEE DOI 0106
BibRef
Earlier:
Recognising the Dynamics of Faces across Multiple Views,
BMVC00(xx-yy).
PDF File. 0009
Queen Mary, University of London BibRef

Tsalakanidou, F.[Filareti], Forster, F.[Frank], Malassiotis, S.[Sotiris], Strintzis, M.G.[Michael G.],
Real-time acquisition of depth and color images using structured light and its application to 3D face recognition,
RealTimeImg(11), No. 5-6, October-December 2005, pp. 358-369.
Elsevier DOI 0510

See also Face Localization and Authentication Using Color and Depth Images. BibRef

Ansari, A.N.[A-Nasser], Abdel-Mottaleb, M.[Mohamed],
Automatic facial feature extraction and 3D face modeling using two orthogonal views with application to 3D face recognition,
PR(38), No. 12, December 2005, pp. 2549-2563.
Elsevier DOI 0510
BibRef
Earlier:
3-D face modeling using two views and a generic face model with application to 3-D face recognition,
AVSBS03(37-44).
IEEE DOI 0310

See also multimodal approach for 3D face modeling and recognition using 3D deformable facial mask, A. BibRef

Castelán, M.[Mario], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Acquiring Height Data from a Single Image of a Face Using Local Shape Indicators,
CVIU(103), No. 1, July 2006, pp. 64-79.
Elsevier DOI 0606
Face Models. BibRef
Earlier:
Acquiring height maps of faces from a single image,
3DPVT04(183-190).
IEEE DOI 0412
BibRef
And:
Improving Height Recovery from a Single Image of a Face Using Local Shape Indicators,
ICIAR04(I: 613-620).
Springer DOI 0409
Curvature-based analysis; 3D Face reconstruction; Gradient field integration
See also Coarse View Synthesis Using Shape-from-Shading.
See also Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction. BibRef

Castelán, M.[Mario], Smith, W.A.P.[William A.P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
A Coupled Statistical Model for Face Shape Recovery From Brightness Images,
IP(16), No. 4, April 2007, pp. 1139-1151.
IEEE DOI 0704
BibRef
Earlier:
A Coupled Statistical Model for Face Shape Recovery,
SSPR06(898-906).
Springer DOI 0608
BibRef
And:
Approximating 3D Facial Shape from Photographs Using Coupled Statistical Models,
CIARP06(89-98).
Springer DOI 0611
BibRef
Earlier:
Improved Face Shape Recovery and Re-illumination Using Convexity Constraints,
CIAP05(487-494).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Castelán, M.[Mario], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Face Shape Recovery and Recognition Using a Surface Gradient Based Statistical Model,
CAIP07(399-407).
Springer DOI 0708
BibRef
And:
Using Cartesian Models of Faces with a Data-Driven and Integrable Fitting Framework,
ICIAR06(II: 134-145).
Springer DOI 0610
BibRef
Earlier:
A Simple Coupled Statistical Model for 3D Face Shape Recovery,
ICPR06(I: 231-234).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
And:
A Facial Statistical Model from Complex Numbers,
ICPR06(I: 235-238).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
Fitting 3D Cartesian Models to Faces Using Irradiance and Integrability Constraints,
CIAP05(876-883).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef
And:
A Comparison of Cartesian Coordinate-based Representations for Building Three-dimensional Models of Faces,
ICIP05(II: 1154-1157).
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef
Earlier:
Combining data-closeness and fourier domain integrability constraints in shape-from-shading,
ICPR04(III: 115-118).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Ahmad, T.[Touqeer], Wilson, R.C.[Richard C.], Smith, W.A.P.[William A. P.], Haines, T.S.F.[Tom S. F.],
Combining Probabilistic Shape-from-Shading and Statistical Facial Shape Models,
CIAP11(I: 680-690).
Springer DOI 1109

See also Belief Propagation with Directional Statistics for Solving the Shape-from-Shading Problem. BibRef

Smith, W.A.P.[William A.P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction,
PAMI(28), No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1914-1930.
IEEE DOI 0611
BibRef
And:
Estimating Cast Shadows using SFS and Class-based Surface Completion,
ICPR06(IV: 86-90).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef
And:
Facial Shadow Removal,
SSPR06(569-577).
Springer DOI 0608
BibRef
And:
Facial Shape Estimation in the Presence of Cast Shadows,
BMVC06(II:79).
PDF File. 0609
BibRef
Earlier:
Face Recognition Using a Surface Normal Model,
CIAP05(423-430).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef
Earlier:
Recovering Facial Shape and Albedo Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction,
ICCV05(I: 588-595).
IEEE DOI 0510
BibRef
Earlier:
Recovering Facial Shape Using A Statistical Surface Normal Model,
ICIP05(II: 113-116).
IEEE DOI 0512
BibRef
Earlier:
A Model-Based Method for Face Shape Recovery,
IbPRIA05(I:268).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef
And:
Coupled Statistical Face Reconstruction,
CAIP05(153).
Springer DOI 0509
BibRef

Smith, W.A.P.[William A.P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Facial Shape-from-shading and Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Robust Statistics,
IJCV(76), No. 1, January 2008, pp. 71-91.
Springer DOI 0712
BibRef
Earlier:
Face Recognition using 2.5D Shape Information,
CVPR06(II: 1407-1414).
IEEE DOI 0606
BibRef
Earlier:
Face Recognition Using Shape-from-Shading,
BMVC02(Poster Session). 0208

See also Object Recognition Using Shape-from-Shading.
See also Facial Gender Classification Using Shape from Shading and Weighted Principal Geodesic Analysis.
See also Facial Expression Recognition Using Nonrigid Motion Parameters and Shape-from-Shading. BibRef

Smith, W.A.P.[William A.P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Recovering face shape and reflectance properties from single images,
FG08(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0809
BibRef

Ceolin, S.[Simone], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Distinguishing facial expression using the Fisher-Rao metric,
ICIP10(1437-1440).
IEEE DOI 1009
BibRef
And:
Characterising Facial Gender Difference Using Fisher-Rao Metric,
ICPR10(4308-4311).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef
And:
Using the Fisher-Rao Metric to Compute Facial Similarity,
ICIAR10(I: 384-393).
Springer DOI 1006
BibRef

Ceolin, S.[Simone], Smith, W.A.P.[William A. P.], Hancock, E.R.[Edwin R.],
Facial Shape Spaces from Surface Normals,
ICIAR08(xx-yy).
Springer DOI 0806
BibRef

Smith, W.A.P., Robles-Kelly, A., Hancock, E.R.,
Single Image Facial View Synthesis Using SFS,
BMVC04(xx-yy).
HTML Version. 0508
BibRef
And:
Facial View Synthesis from a Single Image Using Shape from Shading,
3DPVT04(510-517).
IEEE DOI 0412
BibRef
And:
Skin reflectance modelling for face recognition,
ICPR04(III: 210-213).
IEEE DOI 0409

See also Acquiring Height Data from a Single Image of a Face Using Local Shape Indicators.
See also Coarse View Synthesis Using Shape-from-Shading.
See also Facial Gender Classification Using Shape-from-Shading. BibRef

Ansari, A.N.[A-Nasser], Abdel-Mottaleb, M.[Mohamed], Mahoor, M.H.[Mohammad H.],
A multimodal approach for 3D face modeling and recognition using 3D deformable facial mask,
MVA(20), No. 3, April 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0903
BibRef
Earlier: A3, A1, A2:
Multi-modal (2-D and 3-D) face modeling and recognition using Attributed Relational Graph,
ICIP08(2760-2763).
IEEE DOI 0810
BibRef
And: A1, A2, A3:
3D Face Mesh Modeling from Range Images for 3D Face Recognition,
ICIP07(IV: 509-512).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef
Earlier: A3, A1, A2:
Disparity-Based 3D Face Modeling for 3D Face Recognition,
ICIP06(657-660).
IEEE DOI 0610

See also Automatic facial feature extraction and 3D face modeling using two orthogonal views with application to 3D face recognition. BibRef

Mahoor, M.H.[Mohammad H.], Cadavid, S.[Steven], Abdel-Mottaleb, M.[Mohamed],
Multi-modal ear and face modeling and recognition,
ICIP09(4137-4140).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Samir, C.[Chafik], Srivastava, A.[Anuj], Daoudi, M.[Mohamed], Klassen, E.[Eric],
An Intrinsic Framework for Analysis of Facial Surfaces,
IJCV(82), No. 1, April 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0902
This paper suggests a specific, yet natural, coordinate system on facial surfaces to compare shapes. BibRef

Zhang, Z.W.[Zheng-Wu], Klassen, E., Srivastava, A.,
Gaussian Blurring-Invariant Comparison of Signals and Images,
IP(22), No. 8, 2013, pp. 3145-3157.
IEEE DOI 1307
Gaussian processes; image restoration; 2D facial image recognition; BibRef

Srivastava, A.[Anuj], Samir, C.[Chafik], Joshi, S.H., Daoudi, M.[Mohamed],
Elastic Shape Models for Face Analysis Using Curvilinear Coordinates,
JMIV(33), No. 2, February 2009, pp. xx-yy.
Springer DOI 0903

See also Intrinsic Bayesian Active Contours for Extraction of Object Boundaries in Images. BibRef

Samir, C., van Dooren, P.[Paul], Laurent, D., Gallivan, K.A., Absil, P.A.[Pierre-Antoine],
Elastic Morphing of 2D and 3D Objects on a Shape Manifold,
ICIAR09(563-572).
Springer DOI 0907
BibRef

Cartade, C.[Colin], Malgouyres, R.[Rémy], Mercat, C.[Christian], Samir, C.[Chafik],
Smooth 2D Coordinate Systems on Discrete Surfaces,
DGCI11(59-70).
Springer DOI 1104
BibRef

Medioni, G.G., Waupotitsch, R.,
Face modeling and recognition in 3-D,
AMFG03(232-233).
IEEE DOI 0311
BibRef

Li, L.[Li], Xu, C.H.[Cheng-Hua], Tang, W.[Wei], Zhong, C.[Cheng],
3D face recognition by constructing deformation invariant image,
PRL(29), No. 10, 15 July 2008, pp. 1596-1602.
Elsevier DOI 0711
3D face recognition; Facial expression; Isometric transformation; Geodesic distance; Biometrics BibRef

Levine, M.D.[Martin D.], Yu, Y.F.C.[Ying-Feng Chris],
State-of-the-art of 3D facial reconstruction methods for face recognition based on a single 2D training image per person,
PRL(30), No. 10, 15 July 2009, pp. 908-913.
Elsevier DOI 0906
State-of-the-art; 3D reconstruction; Face recognition; Single 2D training image; 3D morphable model BibRef

Hansen, M.F.[Mark F.], Atkinson, G.A.[Gary A.], Smith, L.N.[Lyndon N.], Smith, M.L.[Melvyn L.],
3D face reconstructions from photometric stereo using near infrared and visible light,
CVIU(114), No. 8, August 2010, pp. 942-951.
Elsevier DOI 1007
3D reconstruction; Near infrared; Photometric stereo; Skin reflectance; 3D face recognition BibRef

Kautkar, S.N.[Satyajit N.], Atkinson, G.A.[Gary A.], Smith, M.L.[Melvyn L.],
Face recognition in 2D and 2.5D using ridgelets and photometric stereo,
PR(45), No. 9, September 2012, pp. 3317-3327.
Elsevier DOI 1206
Face recognition; Ridgelet transform; Photometric stereo; Dimensionality reduction BibRef

Vezzetti, E.[Enrico], Marcolin, F.[Federica],
3D human face description: landmarks measures and geometrical features,
IVC(30), No. 10, October 2012, pp. 698-712.
Elsevier DOI 1210
3D models; 3D scanners; Face morphology; Soft tissue landmarks BibRef

Booth, J., Roussos, A., Zafeiriou, S.P.[Stefanos P.], Ponniahy, A., Dunaway, D.,
A 3D Morphable Model Learnt from 10,000 Faces,
CVPR16(5543-5552)
IEEE DOI 1612
BibRef

Zeng, D.[Dan], Zhao, Q.J.[Qi-Jun], Long, S.Q.[Shu-Qin], Li, J.[Jing],
Examplar coherent 3D face reconstruction from forensic mugshot database,
IVC(58), No. 1, 2017, pp. 193-203.
Elsevier DOI 1703
3D face reconstruction BibRef

Koppen, P.[Paul], Feng, Z.H.[Zhen-Hua], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.], Awais, M.[Muhammad], Christmas, W.[William], Wu, X.J.[Xiao-Jun], Yin, H.F.[He-Feng],
Gaussian mixture 3D morphable face model,
PR(74), No. 1, 2018, pp. 617-628.
Elsevier DOI 1711
Gaussian-mixture model BibRef

Feng, Z.H.[Zhen-Hua], Kittler, J.V., Awais, M., Huber, P., Wu, X.J.[Xiao-Jun],
Face Detection, Bounding Box Aggregation and Pose Estimation for Robust Facial Landmark Localisation in the Wild,
FaceWild17(2106-2115)
IEEE DOI 1709
Benchmark testing, Detectors, Face, Face detection, Robustness, Shape, Training BibRef

Bas, A.[Anil], Smith, W.A.P.[William A. P.],
What Does 2D Geometric Information Really Tell Us About 3D Face Shape?,
IJCV(127), No. 10, October 2019, pp. 1455-1473.
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Bas, A.[Anil], Huber, P., Smith, W.A.P.[William A. P.], Awais, M.[Muhammad], Kittler, J.V.[Josef V.],
3D Morphable Models as Spatial Transformer Networks,
DeepLearn-G17(895-903)
IEEE DOI 1802
Computational modeling, Geometry, Shape, Solid modeling. BibRef

Booth, J.[James], Roussos, A.[Anastasios], Ponniah, A.[Allan], Dunaway, D.[David], Zafeiriou, S.P.[Stefanos P.],
Large Scale 3D Morphable Models,
IJCV(126), No. 2-4, April 2018, pp. 233-254.
Springer DOI 1804
Facial model derived from 9000+ distinct people. BibRef

Wu, F.Z.[Fan-Zi], Li, S.N.[Song-Nan], Zhao, T.H.[Tian-Hao], Ngan, K.N.[King Ngi], Sheng, L.[Lu],
Cascaded regression using landmark displacement for 3D face reconstruction,
PRL(125), 2019, pp. 766-772.
Elsevier DOI 1909
Facial expression, Landmarks, 3DMM, Cascaded regression BibRef

Sariyanidi, E.[Evangelos], Zampella, C.J.[Casey J.], Schultz, R.T.[Robert T.], Tunç, B.[Birkan],
Inequality-Constrained 3D Morphable Face Model Fitting,
PAMI(46), No. 2, February 2024, pp. 1305-1318.
IEEE DOI 2401
BibRef
Earlier:
Inequality-constrained and Robust 3d Face Model Fitting,
ECCV20(IX:433-449).
Springer DOI 2011
BibRef

Chai, Z.H.[Zeng-Hao], Zhang, H.X.[Hao-Xian], Ren, J.[Jing], Kang, D.[Di], Xu, Z.Z.[Zheng-Zhuo], Zhe, X.F.[Xue-Fei], Yuan, C.[Chun], Bao, L.C.[Lin-Chao],
REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstruction,
ECCV22(VIII:74-92).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Lattas, A.[Alexandros], Lin, Y.M.[Yi-Ming], Kannan, J.[Jayanth], Ozturk, E.[Ekin], Filipi, L.[Luca], Guarnera, G.C.[Giuseppe Claudio], Chawla, G.[Gaurav], Ghosh, A.[Abhijeet],
Practical and Scalable Desktop-Based High-Quality Facial Capture,
ECCV22(VI:522-537).
Springer DOI 2211
BibRef

Sharma, V., Tapaswi, M.[Makarand], Sarfraz, M.S.[M. Saquib], Stiefelhagen, R.[Rainer],
Clustering based Contrastive Learning for Improving Face Representations,
FG20(109-116)
IEEE DOI 2102
Faces, Clustering algorithms, Face recognition, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Hidden Markov models, Partitioning algorithms, unsupervised learning BibRef

Zhu, X.Y.[Xiang-Yu], Yang, F.[Fan], Huang, D.[Di], Yu, C.[Chang], Wang, H.[Hao], Guo, J.Z.[Jian-Zhu], Lei, Z.[Zhen], Li, S.Z.[Stan Z.],
Beyond 3DMM Space: Towards Fine-grained 3D Face Reconstruction,
ECCV20(VIII:343-358).
Springer DOI 2011
BibRef

Wang, S., Shen, X., Liu, J.,
Dense Optical Flow Variation Based 3D Face Reconstruction from Monocular Video,
ICIP18(2665-2669)
IEEE DOI 1809
Face, Image reconstruction, Optical imaging, Solid modeling, monocular video BibRef

Trigeorgis, G., Snape, P., Kokkinos, I., Zafeiriou, S.P.[Stefanos P.],
Face Normals 'In-the-Wild' Using Fully Convolutional Networks,
CVPR17(340-349)
IEEE DOI 1711
Databases, Estimation, Face, Shape, Training BibRef

Wu, F.Z.[Fan-Zi], Li, S.N.[Song-Nan], Zhao, T.H.[Tian-Hao], Ngan, K.N.[King Ngi],
Model-based face reconstruction using SIFT flow registration and spherical harmonics,
ICPR16(1774-1779)
IEEE DOI 1705
Face, Harmonic analysis, Image reconstruction, Lighting, Shape, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional, displays BibRef

Aissaoui, A.[Amel], Martinet, J.[Jean], Djeraba, C.[Chaabane],
3D face reconstruction in a binocular passive stereoscopic system using face properties,
ICIP12(1789-1792).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Yu, S.J.[Sun-Jin], Choi, K.T.[Kwon-Taeg], Lee, S.Y.[Sang-Youn],
Automatic Pose-Normalized 3D Face Modeling and Recognition Systems,
PSIVT06(652-661).
Springer DOI 0612
BibRef

Hewitt, R.[Robin], Belongie, S.J.[Serge J.],
Active Learning in Face Recognition: Using Tracking to Build a Face Model,
V4HCI06(157).
IEEE DOI 0609
BibRef

Hu, Y.K.[Yuan-Kui], Zheng, Y.[Ying], Wang, Z.F.[Zeng-Fu],
Reconstruction of 3D Face from a Single 2D Image for Face Recognition,
PETS05(217-222).
IEEE DOI 0602
BibRef

Lu, X.G.[Xiao-Guang], Hsu, R.L.[Rein-Lien], Jain, A.K.[Anil K.], Kamgar-Parsi, B.[Behrooz], Kamgar-Parsi, B.[Behzad],
Face Recognition with 3D Model-Based Synthesis,
ICBA04(139-146).
Springer DOI 0505
BibRef

Nandy, D.[Dibyendu], Ben-Arie, J.[Jezekiel],
Recovery of 3-d Face Structure Using Recognition,
ICPR00(Vol I: 1104-1108).
IEEE DOI 0009
BibRef

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Face Recognition from Video, Faces in Video .