11.4 Gaussian Sphere (EGI), Intrinsic Images, and Surface Orientations

Chapter Contents (Back)
Descriptions, EGI. Extended Gaussian Image. Intrinsic Images. Gaussian Sphere. Characteristic views:
See also Aspect Graph Matching, Characteristic Views.
See also Intrinsic Image Analysis, Intrinsic Image Decomposition.
See also Surfaces and Range Data, Normal Vector, Surface Normal.

Horn, B.K.P.,
Extended Gaussian Images,
PIEEE(72), No. 12, December 1984, pp. 1656-1678. BibRef 8412
Earlier: DARPA84(72-89). BibRef
And: MIT AI Memo-740, July 1983. More than you ever want to know. Definitions, properties, and examples. Spherical mapping of all surface normals for convex closed objects. BibRef

Yang, H.S., and Kak, A.C.,
Determination of the Identification, Position and Orientation of the Topmost Object in a Pile,
CVGIP(36), No. 2/3, November/December 1986, pp. 229-255.
Elsevier DOI
PDF File. BibRef 8611
Earlier:
Determination of the Identity, Position and Orientation of the Topmost Object in a Pile,
CVWS85(38-48). Uses the EGI representation, and finds surfaces based on histograms of the curvature. It uses range data to limit to the topmost object. BibRef

Roach, J.W., Paripati, P.K., and Wright, J.S.,
A CAD System Based on Spherical Dual Representations,
Computer(20), No. 8, August 1987, pp. 37-44. Part of the special issue. And without A2: BibRef 8708
Spherical Dual Images: A 3D Representation Method for Solid Objects that Combines Dual Space and Gaussian Spheres,
CVPR86(236-241). Descriptions, CAD. The message is not to use Gaussian Spheres, they are a pain. BibRef

Horn, B.K.P.[Berthold K.P.], and Ikeuchi, K.[Katsushi],
The Mechanical Manipulation of Randomly Oriented Parts,
SciAmer(251), No. 2, August 1984, pp. 100-111. BibRef 8408
And:
Picking Parts out of a Bin,
MIT AI Memo-746, October 1983. The paper is about all the Gaussian sphere, needle diagrams, surface orientation etc. There is no new research information here. BibRef

Kang, S.B., and Ikeuchi, K.,
The Complex EGI: A New Representation for 3-D Pose Determination,
PAMI(15), No. 7, July 1993, pp. 707-721.
IEEE DOI Pose Estimation. BibRef 9307
Earlier:
Determining 3-D Object Pose Using the Complex Extended Gaussian Image,
CVPR91(580-585).
IEEE DOI Award, CVPR. BibRef
And:
3-D Object Pose Determination Using Complex EGI,
CMU-RI-TR-90-18, CMU Robotics Institute, October 1990.
PS File. Decouple orientation and translation into two problems and use a weighted normal encoding for the description. Extends EGI to recover translation. BibRef

Ikeuchi, K.,
Recognition of 3-D Objects Using the Extended Gaussian Image,
IJCAI81(595-608). Extended Gaussian Image. BibRef 8100

Ikeuchi, K.[Katsushi],
Determining Attitude of Object From Needle Map Using Extended Gaussian Image,
MIT AI Memo-714, April 1983.
WWW Link. BibRef 8304

Nalwa, V.S.,
Representing Oriented Piecewise C^2 Surfaces,
IJCV(3), No. 2, June 1989, pp. 131-154.
Springer DOI BibRef 8906
And: ICCV88(40-51).
IEEE DOI Award, Marr Prize, HM. Discussion of surface representations. Spherical mapping of surface points. The representation depends on the origin. Scale variant. BibRef

Xie, S.E.[Shun-En], and Calvert, T.W.[Thomas W.],
CSG-EESI: A New Solid Representation Scheme and a Conversion Expert System,
PAMI(10), No. 2, March 1988, pp. 221-234.
IEEE DOI BibRef 8803
Earlier:
The CSG-EESI Scheme for Representing Solids and a Conversion Expert System,
CVPR85(124-129). (Simon Fraser Univ.) Constructive Solid Geometry - Enhanced Extended Spherical Image. A description method. BibRef

Besl, P.J.[Paul J.], and Jain, R.C.[Ramesh C.],
Invariant Surface Characteristics for 3D Object Recognition in Range Images,
CVGIP(33), No. 1, January 1986, pp. 33-80.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 8601
Earlier:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Surface Characteristics,
CVPR85(226-234). (Univ. of Michigan) Recognize Three-Dimensional Objects. General discussion of characteristics in 3-D data that can be used, what features are useful and what are not. BibRef

Aloimonos, Y., and Brown, C.M.,
Robust Computations of Intrinsic Images from Multiple Cues,
ACV88(I 115-163). BibRef 8800

Aloimonos, Y.,
Visual Shape Computation,
PIEEE(76), 1988, pp. 899-916. BibRef 8800

Witkin, A.P.,
Recovering Intrinsic Scene Characteristics for Images,
SRI AIMemoProject 1019 Interim Report, Sept 1981. A more complete description of how to extract intrinsic images from an input image. BibRef 8109

Sedgwick, H.A., Levy, S.,
Environment-Centered and Viewer-Centered Perception of Surface Orientation,
CVGIP(31), No. 2, August 1985, pp. 248-260.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 8508

Yuan, X.B.,
A Mechanism of Automatic 3D Object Modeling,
PAMI(17), No. 3, March 1995, pp. 307-311.
IEEE DOI BibRef 9503
Earlier:
3D Reconstruction as an Automatic Modeling System,
Ph.D.Univ. of Alberta, 1992. BibRef

Xu, Z.J., Suk, M.,
Representation and Reconstruction of Polygons and Polyhedra Using Hierarchical Extended Gaussian Images,
AMAI(13), No. 3-4, 1995, pp. 377-399. BibRef 9500

Park, J.H.[Jong Hoon], Chang, T.G.[Tae Gyu], Choi, J.S.[Jong Soo],
Three-Dimensional Object Representation and Recognition Based on Surface Normal Images,
PR(26), No. 6, June 1993, pp. 913-921.
Elsevier DOI match with model. BibRef 9306

Goshtasby, A.[Ardeshir],
Gaussian Decomposition of Two-Dimensional Shapes: A Unified Representation for CAD and Vision Applications,
PR(25), No. 5, May 1992, pp. 463-472.
Elsevier DOI BibRef 9205

Rangarajan, K., Seethalakshmy, A.G., and Majumdar, J.,
Computation and Use of Planar Face Normals,
PRL(14), 1993, pp. 809-816. BibRef 9300

Pochec, P., Wasson, W.D.,
On Surface Orientation Detection in 3-D,
PRL(12), 1991, pp. 363-369. BibRef 9100

Dorst, L.[Leo], van den Boomgaard, R.[Rein],
The Support Cone: A Representational Tool for the Analysis of Boundaries and Their Interactions,
PAMI(22), No. 2, February 2000, pp. 174-178.
IEEE DOI 0003
Directional boundary of surfaces, deals with inside/outside.
See also Representing Oriented Piecewise C^2 Surfaces. and
See also Extended Gaussian Images. and
See also Orientation-Based Differential Geometric Representations for Computer Vision Applications. BibRef

Dorst, L.[Leo], van den Boomgaard, R.[Rein],
Morphological Signal Processing and the Slope Transform,
SP(38), 1994, pp. 79-98. BibRef 9400

Zouaki, H.[Hamid],
Representation and geometric computation using the extended Gaussian image,
PRL(24), No. 9-10, June 2003, pp. 1489-1501.
Elsevier DOI 0304
BibRef

Karaçali, B.[Bilge], Snyder, W.E.[Wesley E.],
Reconstructing discontinuous surfaces from a given gradient field using partial integrability,
CVIU(92), No. 1, October 2003, pp. 78-111.
Elsevier DOI 0310
BibRef
Earlier:
Partial integrability in surface reconstruction from a given gradient field,
ICIP02(II: 525-528).
IEEE DOI 0210
BibRef

Karaçali, B., Snyder, W.E.,
Noise Reduction in Surface Reconstruction from a Given Gradient Field,
IJCV(60), No. 1, October 2004, pp. 25-44.
DOI Link 0405
BibRef

Karacali, B., Davatzikos, C.,
Estimating Topology Preserving and Smooth Displacement Fields,
MedImg(23), No. 7, July 2004, pp. 868-880.
IEEE Abstract. 0407
BibRef

Karacali, B., Davatzikos, C.,
Simulation of Tissue Atrophy Using a Topology Preserving Transformation Model,
MedImg(25), No. 5, May 2006, pp. 649-652.
IEEE DOI 0605
BibRef

Ng, H.S.[Heung-Sun], Wu, T.P.[Tai-Pang], Tang, C.K.[Chi-Keung],
Surface-from-Gradients without Discrete Integrability Enforcement: A Gaussian Kernel Approach,
PAMI(32), No. 11, November 2010, pp. 2085-2099.
IEEE DOI 1011
Start with gradient field. But deal with keeping sharp features and less dense fields. BibRef

Zhou, W.[Wei], Ma, C.[Caiwen], Yao, T.[Tong], Chang, P.[Peng], Zhang, Q.[Qi], Kuijper, A.[Arjan],
Histograms of Gaussian normal distribution for 3D feature matching in cluttered scenes,
VC(35), No. 4, April 2019, pp. 489-505.
Springer DOI 1906
BibRef

Yin, W.[Wei], Liu, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua],
Virtual Normal: Enforcing Geometric Constraints for Accurate and Robust Depth Prediction,
PAMI(44), No. 10, October 2022, pp. 7282-7295.
IEEE DOI 2209
Measurement, Surface reconstruction, Geometry, Estimation, Image reconstruction, Shape, Monocular depth estimation, virtual normal BibRef

Yin, W.[Wei], Liu, Y.F.[Yi-Fan], Shen, C.H.[Chun-Hua], Yan, Y.,
Enforcing Geometric Constraints of Virtual Normal for Depth Prediction,
ICCV19(5683-5692)
IEEE DOI 2004
geometry, image reconstruction, stereo image processing, 3D structures, NYU Depth-V2, geometric constraints, BibRef


Das, P.[Partha], Gevers, M.[Maxime], Karaoglu, S.[Sezer], Gevers, T.[Theo],
IDTransformer: Transformer for Intrinsic Image Decomposition,
NIVT23(816-825)
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2401
BibRef

Rakotosaona, M.J.[Marie-Julie], Ovsjanikov, M.[Maks],
Intrinsic Point Cloud Interpolation via Dual Latent Space Navigation,
ECCV20(II:655-672).
Springer DOI 2011
BibRef

Wang, Z., Lu, F.,
Single Image Intrinsic Decomposition with Discriminative Feature Encoding,
PBDL19(4310-4319)
IEEE DOI 2004
feature extraction, image coding, image colour analysis, image representation, image sequences, CNNs BibRef

Ma, W.C.[Wei-Chiu], Chu, H.[Hang], Zhou, B.L.[Bo-Lei], Urtasun, R.[Raquel], Torralba, A.B.[Antonio B.],
Single Image Intrinsic Decomposition Without a Single Intrinsic Image,
ECCV18(XIV: 211-229).
Springer DOI 1810
BibRef

Badri, H.[Hicham], Yahia, H.[Hussein], Aboutajdine, D.[Driss],
Robust Surface Reconstruction via Triple Sparsity,
CVPR14(2291-2298)
IEEE DOI 1409
Sparsity; non-convex regularization; surface reconstruction Surface from gradient field. BibRef

Chang, C.H.[Che-Han], Cheng, Y.T.[Yu-Ting], Chuang, Y.Y.[Yung-Yu],
A Non-local Sparse Model for Intrinsic Images,
ACPR13(100-104)
IEEE DOI 1408
image colour analysis BibRef

Ding, K.[Ke], Liu, Y.H.[Yun-Hui],
A Probabilistic 3D Model Retrieval System Using Sphere Image,
ACCV12(I:536-547).
Springer DOI 1304
BibRef

Xie, J.[Jun], Hu, M.[Min], Shah, M.[Mubarak],
Unfolding warping for object recognition,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Wang, D.H.[Dong-Hui], Qian, H.[Hui],
3D object recognition by fast spherical correlation between combined view EGIs and PFT,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Iiyama, M.[Masaaki], Hamada, K.[Koki], Kakusho, K.[Koh], Minoh, M.[Michihiko],
Usage of needle maps and shadows to overcome depth edges in depth map reconstruction,
ICPR08(1-4).
IEEE DOI 0812
BibRef

Wang, D.W.[Ding-Wen], Zhang, J.Q.[Ji-Qi], Wong, H.S.[Hau-San], Li, Y.X.[Yuan-Xiang],
3D Model Retrieval Based on Multi-Shell Extended Gaussian Image,
Visual07(426-437).
Springer DOI 0706
BibRef

Hansen, P.[Peter], Corke, P.[Peter], Boles, W.[Wageeh], Daniilidis, K.[Kostas],
Scale-Invariant Features on the Sphere,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0710
BibRef

Hamsici, O.C.[Onur C.], Martinez, A.M.[Aleix M.],
Spherical-Homoscedastic Shapes,
ICCV07(1-7).
IEEE DOI 0710
BibRef

Ng, H.S.[Heung-Sun], Wu, T.P.[Tai-Pang], Tang, C.K.[Chi-Keung],
Surface-from-Gradients with Incomplete Data for Single View Modeling,
ICCV07(1-8).
IEEE DOI 0710
BibRef

He, Q.A.[Qi-Ang], Chu, C.H.H.[Chee-Hung Henry],
Intrinsic Images by Fisher Linear Discriminant,
ISVC07(II: 349-356).
Springer DOI 0711
BibRef

Calderon, F.[Felix], Ruiz, U.[Ubaldo], Rivera, M.[Mariano],
Surface-Normal Estimation with Neighborhood Reorganization for 3D Reconstruction,
CIARP07(321-330).
Springer DOI 0711
BibRef

Kuparinen, T.[Toni], Kyrki, V.[Ville], Mielikainen, J.[Jarno], Toivanen, P.J.[Pekka J.],
On Surface Topography Reconstruction from Gradient Fields,
ICIP07(II: 545-548).
IEEE DOI 0709
BibRef

Hahn, H.S.[Hern Soo], Han, Y.J.[Young-Joon],
Detection and Localization of the Top Object in the Stack of Objects,
ISVC06(II: 116-125).
Springer DOI 0611
BibRef

Hahn, H.S.[Hern Soo], Han, Y.J.[Young-Joon],
Recognition of 3D Object Using Attributed Relation Graph of Silhouette's Extended Convex Hull,
ISVC06(II: 126-135).
Springer DOI 0611
BibRef

Kushal, A.[Akash], Ponce, J.[Jean],
Modeling 3D Objects from Stereo Views and Recognizing Them in Photographs,
ECCV06(II: 563-574).
Springer DOI
PDF File. 0608
3D object models consisting of dense assemblies of small surface patches and affine-invariant descriptions of the corresponding texture patterns from a few (7 to 12) stereo pairs Data:
See also University of Illinois Datasets. BibRef

Rao, A.R.[A. Ravishankar], Cecchi, G.[Guillermo], Peck, C.[Charles], Kozloski, J.[James],
Evaluation of the Effect of Input Stimuli on the Quality of Orientation Maps Produced Through Self Organization,
SCIA05(810-820).
Springer DOI 0506
BibRef

Coogan, K., Green, I.,
Acquisition of view-based 3D object models using supervised, unstructured data,
3DIM05(455-461).
IEEE DOI 0508
Train view based with fewer models. BibRef

Theetten, A., Vandeborre, J.P.[Jean-Philippe], Daoudi, M.[Mohamed],
Determining characteristic views of a 3D object by visual hulls and Hausdorff distance,
3DIM05(439-446).
IEEE DOI 0508
BibRef

Durand, F.,
Pictorial techniques and intrinsic images,
3DPVT04(706-706).
IEEE DOI 0412
BibRef

Matsushita, Y.[Yasuyuki], Lin, S.[Stephen], Kang, S.B.[Sing Bing], Shum, H.Y.[Heung-Yeung],
Estimating Intrinsic Images from Image Sequences with Biased Illumination,
ECCV04(Vol II: 274-286).
Springer DOI 0405
BibRef

Kamberov, G.[George], Kamberova, G.[Gerda], Jain, A.[Amit],
3D Shape from Unorganized 3D Point Clouds,
ISVC05(621-629).
Springer DOI 0512
BibRef

Kamberov, G.[George], Kamberova, G.[Gerda],
Topology and geometry of unorganized point clouds,
3DPVT04(743-750).
IEEE DOI 0412
BibRef

Kamberov, G.[George], Kamberova, G.[Gerda],
Conformal method for quantitative shape extraction: Performance Evaluation,
ICPR04(IV: 31-35).
IEEE DOI 0409
BibRef

Kamberov, G.[George], Kamberova, G.[Gerda],
Shape Invariants and Principal Directions from 3D Points and Normals,
WSCG02(537).
HTML Version. 0209
BibRef

Kamberov, G.[George], Kamberova, G.[Gerda],
Recovering Surfaces from the Restoring Force,
ECCV02(II: 598 ff.).
Springer DOI 0205
Recover features and the surface from Gaussian Map. BibRef

Ong, E.J., Gong, S.,
Quantifying Ambiguities in Inferring Vector-Based 3D Models,
BMVC00(xx-yy).
PDF File. 0009
BibRef

Li, Y., Woodham, R.J.,
Orientation-Based Representations of 3-D Shape,
CVPR94(182-187).
IEEE DOI In 2-D would be a radial based description. Gauss map and dilation map. Convex and star shaped objects. BibRef 9400

Little, J.J.[James J.],
Determining Object Attitude from Extended Gaussian Images,
IJCAI85(960-963). Introduction to how to use the EGI. BibRef 8500

Little, J.J.,
An Interative Method for Reconstructing Convex Polyhedra from Extended Gaussian Images,
AAAI-83(247-250). BibRef 8300

Rachidi, T., Coghlan, L., Amar, A.,
Accurate Measurement of Normal Vectors and Principal Curvatures of the Left Ventricle from MRI Data Using Variational Calculus,
BMVC99(Posters/Exhibition/Demos).
PDF File. BibRef 9900

Kender, J.R.,
The Gaussian Sphere: A Unifying Representation of Surface Orientation,
DARPA80(157-160). BibRef 8000

Ikeuchi, K.[Katsushi], Hebert, M.[Martial],
Spherical Representations: from EGI to SAI,
ORCV94(327-345).
Springer DOI 9412
BibRef
And: CMU-CS-TR-95-197, October 1995. Spherical Attribute Image
PS File. BibRef

Moni, S.,
A closed-form solution for the reconstruction of a convex polyhedron from its extended Gaussian image,
ICPR90(I: 223-226).
IEEE DOI 9006
BibRef

Wang, Y.F., Liang, P.,
A New Method for Computing Intrinsic Surface Properties,
CVPR89(235-240).
IEEE DOI BibRef 8900

Smith, D.A.[David A.],
Using Enhanced Spherical Images for Object Representation,
MIT AI Memo-530, May 1979. BibRef 7905

Brown, C.M.,
Representing the Orientation of Dendritic Fields with Geodesic Tessellations,
Univ. of RochesterTR-13, 1977. BibRef 7700

Chapter on 3-D Object Description and Computation Techniques, Surfaces, Deformable, View Generation, Video Conferencing continues in
Generalized Cylinders, Medial Axis Descriptions .


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