11 3-D Object Description and Computation Techniques, Surfaces, Deformable, View Generation, Video Conferencing

Table of Contents (Back)

11.1 Three-Dimensional Descriptions -- General
11.2 Generation or Representation of Surface Patches

11.2.1 Planar Patches from Range, Planar Surfaces

11.2.1.1 NURBS: Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline
11.2.1.2 Triangulated Surface Models, Mesh Models, Mesh Descriptions, 3-D Meshes

11.2.1.2.1 Mesh Representations, Remeshing Algorithms
11.2.1.2.2 Mesh Representations from 3D Point Clouds
11.2.1.2.3 Feature Extraction and Processing on Mesh Representation
11.2.1.2.4 Hierarchical Mesh Representations, Multi-Resolution Mesh Algorithms
11.2.1.2.5 Mesh Compression Techniques

11.2.1.3 Computer Graphics, Rendering Issues

11.2.1.3.1 Gaussian Splatting
11.2.1.3.2 Point Cloud Rendering
11.2.1.3.3 Light Field Rendering
11.2.1.3.4 Neural Radiance Fields, NeRF, Analysis and Use
11.2.1.3.5 Neural Rendering
11.2.1.3.6 View Synthesis using Neural Radiance Fields, NeRF
11.2.1.3.7 Video Analysis Using Neural Radiance Fields, Dynamic Scenes, NeRF
11.2.1.3.8 Novel View Systhesis Using Neural Radiance Fields, NeRF
11.2.1.3.9 Ray Tracing, Rendering
11.2.1.3.10 GPU Implementations of Rendering, Hardware Implementations
11.2.1.3.11 Texture Mapping, Terrain Visualization, Terrain Rendering, DEM Rendering
11.2.1.3.12 Data Visualization
11.2.1.3.13 Visual Analytics
11.2.1.3.14 Rendering, Cloth, Clothing, Fabric
11.2.1.3.15 Graphics, Rendering Issues Related to Artistic Interpretation
11.2.1.3.16 Artistic Recognition, Interpretation
11.2.1.3.17 Brush Stroke Analysis
11.2.1.3.18 Aesthetic Quality, Aesthetic Evaluation
11.2.1.3.19 Point Cloud Generation, Point Cloud Synthesis
11.2.1.3.20 Visual Sentiment Evaluation
11.2.1.3.21 Multimodal, Cross-Modal Visual Sentiment
11.2.1.3.22 Rendering Specific Surfaces, Applied Rendering

11.2.1.4 Polygonal Surface Patch Models

11.2.2 Surface Patches, Planes, Descriptions from Range

11.2.2.1 Calibration -- LiDAR, Laser Scanner, Depth Sensor, Scanner Error Analysis

11.2.2.1.1 RGB-D Laser Scanner Calibration, Color and LIDAR
11.2.2.1.2 Laser Scanner Calibration -- Calgary Group, Lichti
11.2.2.1.3 Calibration -- Laser Scanner Multi-Path, Multipath
11.2.2.1.4 Point Cloud Quality

11.2.3 Curvature and Features of Surfaces and Range Data

11.2.3.1 Surfaces and Range Data, Normal Vector, Surface Normal
11.2.3.2 Features of Surfaces and Range Data, Ridges, Edges
11.2.3.3 Point Cloud Classification, Recognition
11.2.3.4 Range Data, Point Cloud Processing and Analysis

11.2.4 Region Techniques for Range and Surfaces

11.2.4.1 Depth Object Detection, 3D Object Detection
11.2.4.2 Semi-Supervised Object Detection, 3D Object Detection
11.2.4.3 Point Cloud Object Detection
11.2.4.4 Point Cloud Segmentation, Depth Object Segmentation
11.2.4.5 Range and Color, RGB-D Segmentation and Analysis
11.2.4.6 RGB-D Salient Object Segmentation and Detection
11.2.4.7 Point Cloud Processing for Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks
11.2.4.8 Semantic Object Detection, 3D, Depth

11.2.4.8.1 Semantic Object Detection RGB-D Data, RGBD Data

11.2.4.9 Instance Segmentation, Point Cloud Segmentation

11.2.5 The Facet Model for Descriptions

11.3 Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstructions

11.3.1 Implicit 3-D Models, Implicit Descriptions
11.3.2 Specific 3-D Models, Cultural Items, Applied 3-D Descriptions
11.3.3 Specific 3-D Models, Paintings, Murals, Frescoes
11.3.4 Specific 3-D Models, Rock Art, Petroglyphs, Rock Structures, Caves

11.3.4.1 Specific 3-D Models, Vaulted Structures

11.3.5 Projective Reconstructions
11.3.6 Surfaces, Rubber Sheets, Plates

11.3.6.1 Discontinuity Analysis in Surface Reconstruction

11.3.7 Fitting Curved Surfaces

11.3.7.1 Surface Interpolation, Surface Reconstction

11.3.8 Surfaces, Hierarchical Reconstruction, Multi-Grid Reconstruction Approaches
11.3.9 Spline Based Models, B-Splines
11.3.10 Reconstructions, Applied to Stereo Imagery, Stereo Data
11.3.11 Reconstruction from Sparse Data
11.3.12 Surveys, Overviews, Evaluations and Analysis of 3-D Reconstructions

11.4 Gaussian Sphere (EGI), Intrinsic Images, and Surface Orientations
11.5 Generalized Cylinders, Medial Axis Descriptions

11.5.1 Generalized Cylinders -- Theory
11.5.2 Generalized Cylinders -- Generation
11.5.3 Beneralized Cylinder Generation from Sparse Data
11.5.4 Generalized Cylinder Generation from Intensity Data

11.5.4.1 Cylinders, Application Tanks
11.5.4.2 Rotational Symmetry, Axial Symmetry
11.5.4.3 General Three-Dimensional Symmetries, 3-D Symmetry

11.5.5 Generalized Cylinders -- Use

11.6 Graphics and CAD Based Vision, CAD Models
11.7 SuperQuadric Representations
11.8 Active Volumes, Deformable Solids, 3-D Snakes, etc.

11.8.1 Deformable Models, General, Overview
11.8.2 Representations for Deformable Models
11.8.3 Deformable Models for Segmentation
11.8.4 Nonrigid, Non-Rigid, Deformable Motion Analysis and Tracking

11.8.4.1 Level Set Models for Volumes
11.8.4.2 Nonrigid, Deformable Motion Tracking

11.8.5 Balloon Models
11.8.6 Deformable Solids -- Pentland Papers
11.8.7 Deformable Solids -- Terzopoulos Papers
11.8.8 Deformable Models, University of Manchester Papers
11.8.9 Deformable Models, Medical Applications

11.8.9.1 Deformable Models, Cardiac Motion Models for Volumes, Left Ventricle

11.9 Oct-Trees (or Octrees) and Voxels for Three-Dimensional Descriptions

11.9.1 Oct-Trees -- Theoretical Issues
11.9.2 Oct-Trees -- Use
11.9.3 Occupancy Grids, Voxels
11.9.4 Multiple Views, Space Carving

11.10 Representation of Parts, Part-Based Models
11.11 Descriptions Based on Relational Network Structures
11.12 Representations from Spheres, By Spheres
11.13 Other Description Techniques
11.14 Basic Algorithms for Three-Dimensional Computations

11.14.1 Surface, Volume Intersections
11.14.2 Three Dimensional Geometry and Topology, Computational Geometry
11.14.3 Virtual View Generation, View Synthesis, Image Based Rendering, IBR

11.14.3.1 Virtual View Generation, Morphing
11.14.3.2 Image Based Rendering, Stereo Views
11.14.3.3 Depth and Range for View Synthesis, Image Based Rendering, IBR
11.14.3.4 Text to Image, Layout to Image, Image Based Rendering

11.14.3.4.1 Diffusion for Description or Text to Image Generation
11.14.3.4.2 Vision Transformers for Image Generation and Image Synthesis
11.14.3.4.3 Text to 3D Synthesis, Text to 3D Generation
11.14.3.4.4 Diffusion Models in 3D Synthesis, Text to 3D Models

11.14.3.5 Merging Views, Object Insertion in Image
11.14.3.6 Image Editing, Interactive Editing, Image Manipulation

11.14.3.6.1 Three-Dimensional Editing
11.14.3.6.2 Face Image Editing, Portrait Editing, Interactive Editing

11.14.3.7 Video Editing, Interactive Video Editing Systems

11.14.3.7.1 Text to Video Synthesis, Text to Motion
11.14.3.7.2 Video Diffusion, Video Sysnthesis

11.14.3.8 Image Matting, Video Matting
11.14.3.9 Inpainting, Filling Holes, Fixing Problems

11.14.3.9.1 Inpainting, GAN, CNN, Neural Nets, Learning
11.14.3.9.2 Missing Data, Fixing Problems
11.14.3.9.3 Inpainting Face Images, Facial Images
11.14.3.9.4 Inpainting, Wavelet Based Methods
11.14.3.9.5 Inpainting, Exemplar Based Methods
11.14.3.9.6 Inpainting, Interpolation Methods
11.14.3.9.7 Inpainting, Patch Based Methods, Region Methods
11.14.3.9.8 Inpainting, Video Inpainting
11.14.3.9.9 Tensor Completion
11.14.3.9.10 Object Removal, Inpainting After Removing Objects
11.14.3.9.11 Inpainting, Inpainting Range Images, Range, Depth Data
11.14.3.9.12 Depth Completion, Point Cloud Completion
11.14.3.9.13 Denoising, Restoration, Range Images, Range, Depth Data
11.14.3.9.14 Outpainting, Extrapolation

11.14.3.10 Image Based Rendering, View Generation for Video, Free-Viewpoint Video

11.14.3.10.1 View Interpolation for Image Based Rendering
11.14.3.10.2 Image Based Rendering for Retargeting
11.14.3.10.3 Style Transfer
11.14.3.10.4 StyleGAN Image Synthesis, Image Generation
11.14.3.10.5 Image to Image Translation
11.14.3.10.6 View Generation for Video, Free-Viewpoint Video, Stereo and Depth Aided

11.14.3.11 Lighting Effects, View Generation, Graphics Issues

11.14.3.11.1 Relighting, Lighting Effects

11.14.3.12 Image Based Rendering, IBR, Surveys, Reviews, Evaluations

11.14.4 Video Conferencing, Videoconference, Teleconference

11.14.4.1 Video Phone Issues, Chat, Coding
11.14.4.2 Telepresence, Teleoperation, Immersion

11.14.4.2.1 Telepresence, Immersion, for Instruction, Training, Education
11.14.4.2.2 Instructional, Training Videos, How To, Teach Machine How

11.14.4.3 Face Synthesis Using Three-Dimensional Models

11.14.4.3.1 Face Synthesis, GAN, Generative Adversarial Network

11.14.4.4 Face Model Generation, Three-Dimensional Models

11.14.4.4.1 Single Image 3-D Face Model Generation, Three-Dimensional Models

11.14.4.5 Talking Heads, Speech Driven Face Animation
11.14.4.6 Face Animation, Video Face Synthesis

11.14.4.6.1 Avatars, Face Synthesis
11.14.4.6.2 Full Body Avatars, Human Synthesis
11.14.4.6.3 Deepfakes, Face Synthesis, Generation, Detection
11.14.4.6.4 Fake News, Generation, Detection
11.14.4.6.5 Face Swapping
11.14.4.6.6 Face Forgery
11.14.4.6.7 Emotions in Face Animation, Video Face Synthesis
11.14.4.6.8 Facial Expressions in Face Animation, Video Face Synthesis

Keywords found in this Chapter: 3-D Editing. 3D Synthesis. Active Shape Model. Active Volumes. Adaptive Reconstructions. Adversarial Networks. Aesthetic Quality. Algebraic and Geometric Invariants. Analytics. Animation. Appearance Based. Application, Gesture. Application, Heart. Application, Inspection. Application, Medical. Aritstic Interpretation. Artistic Interpretation. Artitstic Interpretation. Aspects. Augmented Reality. Autonomous Vehicle. Avatars. Award, CVPR. Award, CVPR, Student. Award, ECCV. Award, ECCV, HM. Award, GCPR. Award, GCPR, HM. Award, ICPR. Award, IET IPR Premium. Award, ISPRS. Award, Longuet-Higgins. Award, Marr Price, ICCV. Award, Marr Prize. Award, Marr Prize, HM. Award, Pattern Recognition, Honorable Mention. Balloons. Baseball. Brushstroke. CAD. CAD, Survey. CNN. Calibration. Camera Calibration. Camera Calibration, Laser. Cardiac. Caves. Classification, 3-D Data. Cloth Rendering. Code, 3-D Shape. Code, 3D. Code, 3D Data. Code, 3D Fly Through. Code, 3D Reconstruction. Code, Active Blobs. Code, Artistic. Code, CAD. Code, Computational Geometry. Code, Convolutional Neural Networks. Code, Curvature. Code, Curve Detection. Code, Depth Denoising. Code, Generative Adversarial Networks. Code, Image Editing. Code, Inpainting. Code, Interest Pointe. Code, Matting. Code, Mesh Compression. Code, Mesh Generation. Code, Mesh Models. Code, Object Detection. Code, Point Cloud. Code, Point Cloud Convolutions. Code, Poisson. Code, RGB-D. Code, Registration. Code, Relighting. Code, Rendering. Code, Restoration. Code, Saliency. Code, Scene Graph. Code, Space Envelope. Code, Structure from Motion. Code, Style Transfer. Code, Symmetry. Code, View Synthesis. Color Correction. Comparisons. Computation. Cross-Modal Analysis. Cultural Heritage. Curvature Analysis. Curvature Three-Dimensional. Curvature, Surfaces. Cylinders. Data Fusion. Data Visualization. Database. Dataset, 3-D Data. Dataset, Content Analysis. Dataset, Humor. Dataset, Image Matting. Dataset, Instructional Video. Dataset, Matting. Dataset, Misinformation. Dataset, Outdoor Secens. Dataset, Point Cloud. Dataset, Pottery. Dataset, RBG-D. Dataset, Sentinment. Dataset, Surface Reconstruction. Dataset, Symmetry Images. Deep Fakes. Deepfakes. Deformable Models. Deformable Motion. Deformable Solids. Deformable Surfaces. Deformable Template. Delaunay Tetrahedrization. Denoising. Depth. Depth Completion. Depth Denoising. Depth Hole Filling. Depth Image Based Rendering. Depth Inpainting. Descriptions, CAD. Descriptions, EGI. Descriptions, Facet. Descriptions, General. Descriptions, Generalized Cylinders. Descriptions, Geons. Descriptions, Meshes. Descriptions, Occupancy Grids. Descriptions, Octree. Descriptions, Parametric. Descriptions, Parts. Descriptions, Planar Patches. Descriptions, Range and Regions. Descriptions, Relational Network. Descriptions, Superquadrics. Descriptions, Surface Curvature. Descriptions, Surface Patches. Descriptions, Three-Dimensional. Descriptions, Voxels. Differential Geometry. Diffusion. Diffusion Models. Discontinuities in Surfaces. E57 Format. Edge, 3-D. Editing. Education. Eigen Snakes. Emotion. Evaluation, Deformable Models. Evaluation, Face Verification. Evaluation, Range Segmentation. Evaluation, Reconstruction. Evaluation, Video Analysis. Exemplar Methods. Extended Gaussian Image. Extrapolation. Face Animation. Face Completion. Face Editing. Face Forgery. Face Inpainting. Face Models. Face Recognition. Face Swapping. Face Synthesis. Faces. Faces, Locating. Facet Model. Facial Animation. Facial Expressions. Facial Features. Fake News. Fakes. Fast Marching Methods. Feature Extraction. Football. Forgery. Free-Viewpoint Video. Frescoes. Functional Minimization. Fundamental Matrix. GAN. GPU. Gaussian Sphere. Gaussian Splatting. Generalized Cone. Generalized Cylinder. Generalized Cylinder Generation. Generative Adversarial Network. Generative Networks. Geometry. Geons. Gesture. Gesture Recognition. Graphics. Heart. Heritage. Hough Transform. How-To. Human Animation. Hyperquadrics. IBR. Image Based Rendering. Image Composition. Image Editing. Image Extrapolation. Image Generation. Image Matching. Image Matting. Image Synthesis. Image Translation. Image-to-Image. Immersion. Immersive Systems. Implicit Description. Implicit Model. Inpainting. Instance Segmentation. Instructional. Instructional Video. Interactive 3D. Interest Points, 3D. Interpolation. Intrinsic Images. Invariants. Laser. Layout to Image. Learning. Left Ventricle. Level Set. Level Set Methods. LiDAR. LiDAR Calibration. Lidar Inpainting. Light Field. Lighting Model. Line Labels. MAT, Three Dimensional. Matching, Aspect Graphs. Matching, Surfaces. Matting. Medial Axis. Medical Applications. Memotion Dataset. Mesh Coding. Mesh Models. Missing Data. Model Based Recognition. Moments, Three-Dimensional. Morphing. Mosaic. Motion, Nonrigid. Multi-Grid. Multi-Path. Multilevel Reconstruction. Multimodal Analysis. Multipath. Murals. NURBS Models. NeRF. Neural Networks. Neural Radiance Fields. Neural Rendering. Noise. Nonrigid Models. Nonrigid Motion. Nonrigid Tracking. Normal Vector. Novel View Synthesis. Object Detection. Object Insertion. Object Removal. Object Segmentation. Occupancy Grids. Oct-tree. Octree. Oil Tanks. Outpainting. Paintings. Part Segmentation. Part-Based. Patch Models. Patch, Inpainting. Perceptual Grouping. Petroglyphs. Ph.D.. Physics Based Vision. Planar Patches. Point Cloud. Point Cloud Analysis. Point Cloud Classification. Point Cloud Completion. Point Cloud Denoising. Point Cloud Generation. Point Cloud Processing. Point Cloud Quality. Point Cloud Recognition. Point Cloud Restoration. Point Cloud Segmentation. Point Cloud Synthesis. Point Clouds. Polygonal Patches. Portrait Editing. Pose Estimation. Primal Sketch. Quadric Surfaces. Quadtree. RGB-D. RGB-D Segmentation. Radiance Fields. Range Segmentation. Ray Tracing. Real Time Vision. Recognition. Recognition by Function. Recognition by Parts. Recognition, Model Based. Recognize Curved Objects. Recognize Range Data. Recognize Three-Dimensional Objects. Recognize Two-Dimensional Objects. Reconstruction. Reconstruction, 3-D. Reconstruction, Multi-Grid. Registration. Regularization. Relational Descriptions. Relaxation. Relighting. Remeshing. Rendering. Representation by Parts. Representation, Parts -- 3D. Representation, Superquadric. Retargeting. Reverse Engineering. Ridge. Robust Technique. Rock Art. Rotational Symmetric. Rotational Symmetry. Rubber Sheet. Salient Objects. Scale Space. Segmentation, 3-D Data. Segmentation, Edges. Segmentation, Facet Model. Segmentation, Range. Segmentation, Region Growing. Segmented Descriptions. Semantic Object Detection. Semantic Segmentation. Semi-Supervised. Sensor Fusion. Sensor Planning. Sentiment Analysis. Shape from Contours. Shape from Shading. Shape, Three-Dimensional - Evaluation. Simulated Annealing. Skeletons. Skew Symmetry. Snakes. Snakes, 3-D. Sonar. Space Carving. Sparse Data. Speech Synthesis. Spheres. Splatting. Spline. Sprites. Stereo Image Based Rendering. Stereo, Evaluation. Stereo, Reconstruction. Structure from Motion. Style Transfer. StyleGAN. Superquadric. Support Functions. Surface Completion. Surface Interpolation. Surface Normals. Surface Reconstruction. Surface Reconstruction, Survey. Surfel. Survey, 3-D. Survey, 3-D Description. Survey, 3-D Recognition. Survey, 3-D Representation. Survey, 3-D Research. Survey, 3D Data. Survey, 3D Models. Survey, 3D Tools. Survey, CAD. Survey, Captioning. Survey, Cardiac Segmentation. Survey, Computational Geometry. Survey, Computer Graphics. Survey, Cubics. Survey, Curvature. Survey, Datasets. Survey, Deepfake. Survey, Deepfakes. Survey, Deformable Models. Survey, Deformable Registration. Survey, Display. Survey, Edge Detection. Survey, Face Animation. Survey, Face Modeling. Survey, Face Synthesis. Survey, Fake News. Survey, GAN. Survey, Geometric. Survey, Graphics and Vision. Survey, Image Based Rendering. Survey, Image Completion. Survey, Image Matting. Survey, Immersion. Survey, Inpainting. Survey, Matting. Survey, Mesh. Survey, Mesh Compression. Survey, Mesh Models. Survey, NeRF. Survey, Non-Rigid Shape. Survey, Nonrigid Shape. Survey, Object Localization. Survey, Object Representation. Survey, Octree. Survey, Polygonization. Survey, Projective Geometry. Survey, Ray Tracing. Survey, Reconstruction. Survey, Rendering. Survey, Representation. Survey, Sentiment. Survey, Sentiment Analysis. Survey, Sentinment. Survey, Shape. Survey, Shape Analysis. Survey, Shape Description. Survey, Stereo. Survey, Surface Reconstruction. Survey, Surface Reconstrutcion. Survey, Surface Reonstruction. Survey, Teleoperation. Survey, Tomography. Survey, Triangulation. Survey, Video Conference. Survey, Video Diffusion. Survey, Video Generation. Symmetry. Symmetry, Axial. Symmetry, Rotation. Symmetry, Three-Dimensional. Synthesis. System: ACRONYM. TIN. Talking Heads. Teleoperation. Telepresence. Tensor Completion. Terrain Visualization. Text to 3-D. Text to Depth. Text to Image. Text to Motion. Text to Video. Texture Mapping. Texture Synthesis. Three Dimensional Computations. Topology. Tracking, Nonrigid. Training. Transformers. Translation. Transmission. Trees, Sigma. Triangulated Models. Triangulated Surface Models. Triangulation. Trinocular Stereo. Vaulted Structures. Vendor, 3-D Shape. Vendor, 3-D Visualization. Vendor, Avatars. Vendor, CAD. Vendor, Face Models. Vendor, Face Synthesis. Vendor, Mesh Models. Vendor, Model Generation. Vendor, Projection. Vendor, Sports. Vendor, Stereo Sensor. Vendor, Terrain Modeling. Vendor, Tracking. Vendor, Video Conference. Vendor, Virtual Reality. Video. Video Analysis. Video Completion. Video Compression. Video Conferencing. Video Diffusion. Video Editing. Video Inpainting. Video Matting. Video Phone. Video Synthesis. Videoconference. Videoconferencing. Videophone. View Interpolation. View Synthesis. Vision Transformers. Visual Analytics. Visual Sentiment. Visualization. Voronoi. Voxels. Wavelets.
Last update:Apr 23, 2025 at 18:43:10