22.6.3.2 Finger Veins, Recognition and Extraction

Miura, N.[Naoto], Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi],
Extraction of Finger-Vein Patterns Using Maximum Curvature Points in Image Profiles,
IEICE(E90-D), No. 8, August 2007, pp. 1185-1194.
DOI Link 0708
BibRef

Lee, E.C.[Eui Chul], Lee, H.C.[Hyeon Chang], Park, K.R.[Kang Ryoung],
Finger vein recognition using minutia-based alignment and local binary pattern-based feature extraction,
IJIST(19), No. 3, September 2009, pp. 179-186.
DOI Link 0909
BibRef

Kang, B.J., Park, K.R.,
Multimodal biometric method based on vein and geometry of a single finger,
IET-CV(4), No. 3, September 2010, pp. 209-217.
DOI Link 1008
BibRef

Wilson, C.[Chuck],
Vein Pattern Recognition: A Privacy-Enhancing Biometric,
CRC PressBoca Raton, FL, March 10, 2010. ISBN: 9781439821374.
WWW Link. Buy this book: Vein Pattern Recognition: A Privacy-Enhancing Biometric BibRef 1003

Song, W.[Wonseok], Kim, T.J.[Tae-Jeong], Kim, H.C.[Hee Chan], Choi, J.H.[Joon Hwan], Kong, H.J.[Hyoun-Joong], Lee, S.R.[Seung-Rae],
A finger-vein verification system using mean curvature,
PRL(32), No. 11, 1 August 2011, pp. 1541-1547.
Elsevier DOI 1108
Biometrics; Finger-vein; Mean curvature; Personal verification BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Zhang, X.[Xu],
Feature-level fusion of fingerprint and finger-vein for personal identification,
PRL(33), No. 5, 1 April 2012, pp. 623-628.
Elsevier DOI 1202
Multimoadl biometrics; Finger-vein; Fingerprint; Canonical correlation analysis BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Shi, Y.H.[Yi-Hua], Yang, J.L.[Jin-Li],
Finger-Vein Recognition Based on a Bank of Gabor Filters,
ACCV09(I: 374-383).
Springer DOI 0909
BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Shi, Y.H.[Yi-Hua], Yang, J.L.[Jin-Li], Jiang, L.H.[Li-Hui],
A novel finger-vein recognition method with feature combination,
ICIP09(2709-2712).
IEEE DOI 0911
BibRef

Peng, J.L.[Jia-Liang], Li, Q.[Qiong], El-Latif, A.A.A.[Ahmed A. Abd], Wang, N.[Ning], Niu, X.[Xiamu],
Finger Vein Recognition with Gabor Wavelets and Local Binary Patterns,
IEICE(E96-D), No. 8, August 2013, pp. 1886-1889.
WWW Link. 1308
BibRef

Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming], Ma, G.L.[Guo-Li], Zhou, F.[Fei], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min],
Feature-Level Fusion of Finger Veins and Finger Dorsal Texture for Personal Authentication Based on Orientation Selection,
IEICE(E97-D), No. 5, May 2014, pp. 1371-1373.
WWW Link. 1405
BibRef

Matsuda, Y.[Yusuke], Miura, N.[Naoto], Nagasaka, A.[Akio], Kiyomizu, H.[Harumi], Miyatake, T.[Takafumi],
Finger-vein authentication based on deformation-tolerant feature-point matching,
MVA(27), No. 2, February 2016, pp. 237-250.
Springer DOI 1602
BibRef

Xi, X.M.[Xiao-Ming], Yang, L.[Lu], Yin, Y.L.[Yi-Long],
Learning discriminative binary codes for finger vein recognition,
PR(66), No. 1, 2017, pp. 26-33.
Elsevier DOI 1704
Biometric recognition BibRef

Su, K.[Kun], Yang, G.P.[Gong-Ping], Yang, L.[Lu], Li, D.F.[Dun-Feng], Su, P.[Peng], Yin, Y.L.[Yi-Long],
Learning binary hash codes for finger vein image retrieval,
PRL(117), 2019, pp. 74-82.
Elsevier DOI 1901
Finger vein image retrieval, Binary hash codes learning, Nonlinearly Subspace Coding BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Shi, Y.H.[Yi-Hua], Jia, G.M.[Gui-Min],
Finger-vein image matching based on adaptive curve transformation,
PR(66), No. 1, 2017, pp. 34-43.
Elsevier DOI 1704
Biometrics BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Wu, M.J.[Mei-Jing], Wang, W.[Wanyin], Shi, Y.H.[Yi-Hua],
Finger-vein matching based on adaptive vector field estimation,
ICIP12(145-148).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Söllinger, D.[Dominik], Trung, P.[Pauline], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
Non-reference image quality assessment and natural scene statistics to counter biometric sensor spoofing,
IET-Bio(7), No. 4, July 2018, pp. 314-324.
DOI Link 1807
BibRef

Bhogal, A.P.S.[Amrit Pal Singh], Söllinger, D.[Dominik], Trung, P.[Pauline], Hämmerle-Uhl, J.[Jutta], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
Non-reference Image Quality Assessment for Fingervein Presentation Attack Detection,
SCIA17(I: 184-196).
Springer DOI 1706
BibRef

Qin, H., El-Yacoubi, M.A.,
Deep Representation for Finger-Vein Image-Quality Assessment,
CirSysVideo(28), No. 8, August 2018, pp. 1677-1693.
IEEE DOI 1808
Image quality, Quality assessment, Veins, Iris recognition, Error analysis, Machine learning, Biometrics, representation learning BibRef

Yang, L., Yang, G., Yin, Y., Xi, X.,
Finger Vein Recognition With Anatomy Structure Analysis,
CirSysVideo(28), No. 8, August 2018, pp. 1892-1905.
IEEE DOI 1808
Veins, Pattern matching, Imaging, Image recognition, Fingers, Character recognition, Finger vein recognition, elastic matching BibRef

Omar, R.R.[Raid R.], Han, T.T.[Ting-Ting], Al-Sumaidaee, S.A.M.[Saadoon A. M.], Chen, T.[Taolue],
Deep finger texture learning for verifying people,
IET-Bio(8), No. 1, January 2019, pp. 40-48.
DOI Link 1901
BibRef

Shazeeda, S.[Shazeeda], Rosdi, B.A.[Bakhtiar Affendi],
Finger vein recognition using mutual sparse representation classification,
IET-Bio(8), No. 1, January 2019, pp. 49-58.
DOI Link 1901
BibRef

Xie, C.[Cihui], Kumar, A.[Ajay],
Finger vein identification using Convolutional Neural Network and supervised discrete hashing,
PRL(119), 2019, pp. 148-156.
Elsevier DOI 1902
BibRef

Tang, S.[Su], Zhou, S.[Shan], Kang, W.X.[Wen-Xiong], Wu, Q.X.[Qiu-Xia], Deng, F.Q.[Fei-Qi],
Finger vein verification using a Siamese CNN,
IET-Bio(8), No. 5, September 2019, pp. 306-315.
DOI Link 1908
BibRef

Hu, H.[Hui], Kang, W.X.[Wen-Xiong], Lu, Y.T.[Yu-Ting], Fang, Y.X.[Yu-Xun], Liu, H.D.[Hong-Da], Zhao, J.H.[Jun-Hong], Deng, F.Q.[Fei-Qi],
FV-Net: learning a finger-vein feature representation based on a CNN,
ICPR18(3489-3494)
IEEE DOI 1812
Feature extraction, Veins, Training, Fingers, Protocols, Automation, Databases, finger vein verification, feature representation, convolutional neural network BibRef

Kuzu, R.S., Maiorana, E.[Emanuele], Campisi, P.[Patrizio],
Vein-Based Biometric Verification Using Densely-Connected Convolutional Autoencoder,
SPLetters(27), 2020, pp. 1869-1873.
IEEE DOI 2011
Veins, Training, Biometrics (access control), Fingers, Encoding, Decoding, Deep learning, Biometric recognition, vein patterns BibRef

Prommegger, B.[Bernhard], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
A fully rotation invariant multi-camera finger vein recognition system,
IET-Bio(10), No. 3, 2021, pp. 275-289.
DOI Link 2106
BibRef

Jin, J.[Jian], Di, S.[Si], Li, W.J.[Wei-Jian], Sun, X.T.[Xue-Tong], Wang, X.[Xudi],
Finger vein recognition algorithm under reduced field of view,
IET-IPR(15), No. 4, 2021, pp. 947-955.
DOI Link 2106
BibRef

Wang, K.X.[Kai-Xuan], Chen, G.H.[Guang-Hua], Chu, H.J.[Hong-Jia],
Finger Vein Recognition Based on Multi-Receptive Field Bilinear Convolutional Neural Network,
SPLetters(28), 2021, pp. 1590-1594.
IEEE DOI 2108
Veins, Fingers, Convolution, Feature extraction, Kernel, Training, Image recognition, Multi-receptive field, lightweight, model parameters BibRef

Boucetta, A.[Aldjia], Boussaad, L.[Leila],
Biometric Authentication Using Finger-Vein Patterns with Deep-Learning and Discriminant Correlation Analysis,
IJIG(22), No. 1 2022, pp. 2250013.
DOI Link 2202
BibRef

Moron, T.[Tomasz], Bernacki, K.[Krzysztof], Fiolka, J.[Jerzy], Peng, J.[Jia], Popowicz, A.[Adam],
Recognition of the finger vascular system using multi-wavelength imaging,
IET-Bio(11), No. 3, 2022, pp. 249-259.
DOI Link 2205
BibRef

Zhao, P.Y.[Peng-Yang], Zhao, S.P.[Shu-Ping], Chen, L.Y.[Lu-Yang], Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min],
Exploiting Multiperspective Driven Hierarchical Content-Aware Network for Finger Vein Verification,
CirSysVideo(32), No. 11, November 2022, pp. 7938-7950.
IEEE DOI 2211
Veins, Feature extraction, Fingers, Entropy, Imaging, Cameras, Multi-perspective finger vein verification, deep neural network BibRef

Zhao, P.[Pengyang], Zhao, S.P.[Shu-Ping], Xue, J.H.[Jing-Hao], Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min],
The neglected background cues can facilitate finger vein recognition,
PR(136), 2023, pp. 109199.
Elsevier DOI 2301
Finger vein recognition, Vein trait, Background cue, Intensity orientation vector, Binary feature learning BibRef

Wu, Z.[Zhitao], Qu, H.X.[Hong-Xu], Zhang, H.G.[Hai-Gang], Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng],
Robust graph fusion and recognition framework for fingerprint and finger-vein,
IET-Bio(12), No. 1, 2023, pp. 13-24.
DOI Link 2301
BibRef

Zhang, H.J.[Hui-Jie], Lu, L.[Ling],
Local Binary Convolution Based Prior Knowledge of Multi-Direction Features for Finger Vein Verification,
IEICE(E106-D), No. 5, May 2023, pp. 1089-1093.
WWW Link. 2305
BibRef

Zhang, Z.X.[Zhong-Xia], Wang, M.[Mingwen],
Finger vein recognition based on lightweight convolutional attention model,
IET-IPR(17), No. 6, 2023, pp. 1864-1873.
DOI Link 2305
attention mechanism, convolutional block attention module, finger vein recognition, lightweight convolutional neural network BibRef

Song, Y.Z.[Yi-Zhuo], Zhao, P.Y.[Peng-Yang], Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min], Zhou, J.[Jie],
EIFNet: An Explicit and Implicit Feature Fusion Network for Finger Vein Verification,
CirSysVideo(33), No. 5, May 2023, pp. 2520-2532.
IEEE DOI 2305
Veins, Feature extraction, Fingers, Convolution, Deep learning, Data mining, Image recognition, Finger vein verification, feature fusion BibRef

Madhusudhan, M.V., Rani, V.U.[V. Udaya], Hegde, C.[Chetana],
Finger Vein Recognition Model for Biometric Authentication Using Intelligent Deep Learning,
IJIG(23), No. 3 2023, pp. 2240004.
DOI Link 2306
BibRef

Qin, H.F.[Hua-Feng], Hu, R.S.[Rong-Shan], El-Yacoubi, M.A.[Mounim A.], Li, Y.T.[Yan-Tao], Gao, X.B.[Xin-Bo],
Local Attention Transformer-Based Full-View Finger-Vein Identification,
CirSysVideo(33), No. 6, June 2023, pp. 2767-2782.
IEEE DOI 2306
Veins, Fingers, Cameras, Feature extraction, Face recognition, Deep learning, Multi-view vein identification BibRef

Aherrahrou, N., Tairi, H.,
A novel cancelable finger vein templates based on LDM and RetinexGan,
PR(142), 2023, pp. 109643.
Elsevier DOI 2307
Cancelable biometric, Security, Template protection, Finger vein, LDM, RetinexGan BibRef

Pan, Z.Y.[Zai-Yu], Wang, J.[Jun], Shen, Z.W.[Zheng-Wen], Han, S.Y.[Shu-Yu],
Disentangled Representation and Enhancement Network for Vein Recognition,
CirSysVideo(33), No. 8, August 2023, pp. 4164-4176.
IEEE DOI 2308
Veins, Feature extraction, Shape, Image recognition, Task analysis, Data mining, Training, Vein recognition, weight-guided feature enhancement module (WGFEM) BibRef

Zhao, P.Y.[Peng-Yang], Song, Y.Z.[Yi-Zhuo], Wang, S.Q.[Si-Qi], Xue, J.H.[Jing-Hao], Zhao, S.P.[Shu-Ping], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min], Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming],
VPCFormer: A transformer-based multi-view finger vein recognition model and a new benchmark,
PR(148), 2024, pp. 110170.
Elsevier DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2402
Database, Multi-view finger vein recognition, Transformer, Attention mechanism BibRef

Song, Y.Z.[Yi-Zhuo], Zhao, P.Y.[Peng-Yang], Wang, S.Q.[Si-Qi], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min], Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming],
Study of 3D Finger Vein Biometrics on Imaging Device Design and Multi-View Verification,
CirSysVideo(34), No. 4, April 2024, pp. 3043-3048.
IEEE DOI Code:
WWW Link. 2404
Fingers, Feature extraction, Veins, Cameras, Solid modeling, Lighting, Finger vein verification, local dominant feature BibRef

Chi, Y.H.[Yun-Hao], Yang, L.[Lu], Hao, F.[Fanchang], Liu, H.Y.[Hai-Ying],
Reverse Attention-Based Multi-Feature Interaction Network for Finger Vein Image Quality Evaluation,
SPLetters(31), 2024, pp. 1054-1058.
IEEE DOI 2405
Fingers, Feature extraction, Image quality, Gray-scale, Image recognition, Convolution, Databases, reverse attention module BibRef

Arican, T.[Tugçe], Veldhuis, R.[Raymond], Spreeuwers, L.[Luuk], Bergeron, L.[Loïc], Busch, C.[Christoph], Jalilian, E.[Ehsaneddin], Kauba, C.[Christof], Kirchgasser, S.[Simon], Marcel, S.[Sébastien], Prommegger, B.[Bernhard], Raja, K.[Kiran], Ramachandra, R.[Raghavendra], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
A Comparative Study of Cross-Device Finger Vein Recognition Using Classical and Deep Learning Approaches,
IET-Bio(2024), No. 1, 2024, pp. 3236602.
DOI Link 2405
BibRef

Normakristagaluh, P.[Pesigrihastamadya], Laanstra, G.J.[Geert J.], Spreeuwers, L.J.[Luuk J.], Veldhuis, R.N.J.[Raymond N. J.],
The Impact of Illumination on Finger Vascular Pattern Recognition,
IET-Bio(2024), No. 1, 2024, pp. 4413655.
DOI Link 2405
BibRef

Li, M.[Min], Jiang, X.[Xue], Zhu, H.H.[Hong-Hao], Liu, F.[Fei], Wang, H.[Huabin], Tao, L.[Liang], Liu, S.J.[Shi-Jun],
A Finger Vein Recognition Algorithm Based on the Histogram of Variable Curvature Directional Binary Statistics,
IET-Bio(2024), No. 1, 2024, pp. 7408331.
DOI Link 2410
BibRef

Nguyen, H.H.[Huy H.], Le, T.N.[Trung-Nghia], Yamagishi, J.[Junichi], Echizen, I.[Isao],
Analysis of Master Vein Attacks on Finger Vein Recognition Systems,
WACV23(1900-1908)
IEEE DOI 2302
Adaptation models, Machine learning algorithms, Veins, Computational modeling, Robustness, Adversarial machine learning, image and video synthesis BibRef

Kotwal, K.[Ketan], Marcel, S.[Sébastien],
Residual Feature Pyramid Network for Enhancement of Vascular Patterns,
Biometrics22(1587-1594)
IEEE DOI 2210
Histograms, Protocols, Veins, Pipelines, Fingers, Computer architecture, Network architecture BibRef

Wimmer, G.[Georg], Prommegger, B.[Bernhard], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
Finger Vein Recognition and Intra-Subject Similarity Evaluation of Finger Veins using the CNN Triplet Loss,
ICPR21(400-406)
IEEE DOI 2105
Veins, Fingers, Robustness, Pattern recognition, Standards BibRef

Zhang, L.P.[Li-Ping], Li, W.J.[Wei-Jun], Ning, X.[Xin], Sun, L.J.[Lin-Jun], Dong, X.L.[Xiao-Li],
A Local Descriptor with Physiological Characteristic for Finger Vein Recognition,
ICPR21(4873-4878)
IEEE DOI 2105
Histograms, Image recognition, Databases, Veins, Fingers, Physiology, Stability analysis, Finger vein recognition, local feature descriptor BibRef

Prommegger, B.[Bernhard], Wimmer, C.[Cieorg], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
Rotation Detection in Finger Vein Biometrics using CNNs,
ICPR21(6531-6537)
IEEE DOI 2105
Training, Protocols, Biometrics (access control), Shape, Veins, Fingers, Training data BibRef

Söllinger, D.[Dominik], Debiasi, L.[Luca], Uhl, A.[Andreas],
Can you really trust the sensor's PRNU? How image content might impact the finger vein sensor identification performance,
ICPR21(7782-7789)
IEEE DOI 2105
Biometrics (access control), Veins, Fingers, Lighting, Pattern recognition BibRef

Piciucco, E.[Emanuela], Kuzu, R.S.[Ridvan Salih], Maiorana, E.[Emanuele], Campisi, P.[Patrizio],
On the Cross-Finger Similarity of Vein Patterns,
NTIAP19(12-20).
Springer DOI 1909
BibRef

Vasilopoulos, C., Skodras, A.,
A Novel Finger Vein Recognition System Based on Enhanced Maximum Curvature Points,
IVMSP18(1-5)
IEEE DOI 1809
Veins, Databases, Pattern matching, Pins, Fingers, Electromagnetic compatibility, Image resolution, Personal identification BibRef

Mohamed, C., Akhtar, Z., Eddine, B.N., Falk, T.H.,
Combining left and right wrist vein images for personal verification,
IPTA17(1-6)
IEEE DOI 1804
feature extraction, image fusion, vein recognition, PUT wrist vein dataset, feature extraction method, Wrist vein BibRef

Wang, K., Yang, L., Yang, G., Yin, Y.,
Integration of discriminative features and similarity-preserving encoding for finger vein image retrieval,
ICIP17(3525-3529)
IEEE DOI 1803
Encoding, Entropy, Feature extraction, Histograms, Image retrieval, Testing, Veins, Finger vein recognition, image retrieval, statistic texture feature BibRef

Xie, S.[Song], Fang, L.Y.[Li-Yong], Wang, Z.Q.[Zi-Qian], Ma, Z.C.[Zhao-Chun], Li, J.Y.[Jing-Yuan],
Review of personal identification based on near infrared vein imaging of finger,
ICIVC17(206-213)
IEEE DOI 1708
Character recognition, Image edge detection, Imaging, Thumb, Veins, feature extraction, finger vein recognition, recognition BibRef

Frucci, M.[Maria], Riccio, D.[Daniel], Sanniti di Baja, G.[Gabriella], Serino, L.[Luca],
Partial Matching of Finger Vein Patterns Based on Point Sets Alignment and Directional Information,
CIARP16(19-26).
Springer DOI 1703
BibRef

Sharifzadeh, H.R.[Hamid Reza], Zhang, H.Y.[Heng-Yi], Kong, A.W.K.[Adams Wai-Kin],
Vein Pattern Visualization through Multiple Mapping Models and Local Parameter Estimation for Forensic Investigation,
ICPR14(160-165)
IEEE DOI 1412
Color BibRef

Lu, Y.[Yu], Yoon, S.[Sook], Xie, S.J.[Shan Juan], Yang, J.[Jucheng], Wang, Z.H.[Zhi-Hui], Park, D.S.[Dong Sun],
Finger Vein Recognition Using Histogram of Competitive Gabor Responses,
ICPR14(1758-1763)
IEEE DOI 1412
Educational institutions BibRef

Tan, D.[Dun], Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Shi, Y.H.[Yi-Hua], Xu, C.H.[Cheng-Hua],
A Hierarchal Framework for Finger-Vein Image Classification,
ACPR13(833-837)
IEEE DOI 1408
feature extraction BibRef

Cao, D.[Di], Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Shi, Y.H.[Yi-Hua], Xu, C.H.[Cheng-Hua],
Structure Feature Extraction for Finger-Vein Recognition,
ACPR13(567-571)
IEEE DOI 1408
curve fitting BibRef

Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming], Huang, X.L.[Xiao-La], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min],
Fusion of finger vein and finger dorsal texture for personal identification based on Comparative Competitive Coding,
ICIP12(1141-1144).
IEEE DOI 1302
BibRef

Kim, H.G.[Hwi-Gang], Lee, E.J.[Eun Jung], Yoon, G.J.[Gang-Joon], Yang, S.D.[Sung-Dae], Lee, E.C.[Eui Chul], Yoon, S.M.[Sang Min],
Illumination Normalization for Sift Based Finger Vein Authentication,
ISVC12(II: 21-30).
Springer DOI 1209
BibRef

Tang, C.Y.[Chao-Ying], Zhang, H.Y.[Heng-Yi], Kong, A.W.K.[Adams Wai-Kin], Craft, N.[Noah],
Visualizing vein patterns from color skin images based on image mapping for forensics analysis,
ICPR12(2387-2390).
WWW Link. 1302
BibRef

Tang, C.Y.[Chao-Ying], Kong, A.W.K.[Adams Wai Kin], Craft, N.[Noah],
Uncovering vein patterns from color skin images for forensic analysis,
CVPR11(665-672).
IEEE DOI 1106
BibRef

Tang, D.[Darun], Huang, B.[Beining], Li, R.F.[Rong-Feng], Li, W.X.[Wen-Xin],
A Person Retrieval Solution Using Finger Vein Patterns,
ICPR10(1306-1309).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Huang, B.N.[Bei-Ning], Dai, Y.G.[Yang-Gang], Li, R.F.[Rong-Feng], Tang, D.[Darun], Li, W.X.[Wen-Xin],
Finger-Vein Authentication Based on Wide Line Detector and Pattern Normalization,
ICPR10(1269-1272).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Yang, J.F.[Jin-Feng], Li, X.[Xu],
Efficient Finger Vein Localization and Recognition,
ICPR10(1148-1151).
IEEE DOI 1008
BibRef

Yu, X.[Xiang], Yang, W.M.[Wen-Ming], Liao, Q.M.[Qing-Min], Zhou, F.[Fei],
A Novel Finger Vein Pattern Extraction Approach for Near-Infrared Image,
CISP09(1-5).
IEEE DOI 0910
BibRef

Guan, F.X.[Feng-Xu], Wang, K.[Kejun], Mo, H.W.[Hong-Wei], Ma, H.[Hui], Liu, J.Y.[Jing-Yu],
Research of Finger Vein Recognition Based on Fusion of Wavelet Moment and Horizontal and Vertical 2DPCA,
CISP09(1-5).
IEEE DOI 0910
BibRef

Chapter on Face Recognition, Detection, Tracking, Gesture Recognition, Fingerprints, Biometrics continues in
Liveness Detection, Spoofing, Fingerprint Recognition .