@inproceedings{bb376600,
        AUTHOR = "Stettiner, O. and Chazan, D.",
        TITLE = "A statistical parametric model for recognition and synthesis of
handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "B:34-38",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370718"}

@inproceedings{bb376601,
        AUTHOR = "Higgins, C.A. and Ford, D.M.",
        TITLE = "Online recognition of connected handwriting by segmentation and
template matching",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "II:200-203",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370719"}

@inproceedings{bb376602,
        AUTHOR = "Singer, Y. and Tisby, N.",
        TITLE = "Dynamical encoding of cursive handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR93,
        YEAR = "1993",
        PAGES = "341-346",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370720"}

@inproceedings{bb376603,
        AUTHOR = "Kondo, S. and Maitree, K. and Itoh, D. and Atsuta, K.",
        TITLE = "Structure analysis of handwriting using opposing relations",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "II:529-532",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370721"}

@inproceedings{bb376604,
        AUTHOR = "Kondo, S. and Attachoo, B.",
        TITLE = "Model of Handwriting Process and Its Analysis",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR86,
        YEAR = "1986",
        PAGES = "562-565",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370722"}

@inproceedings{bb376605,
        AUTHOR = "Nag, R. and Wong, K.H. and Fallside, F.",
        TITLE = "Script Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICASSP86,
        YEAR = "1986",
        PAGES = "2071-2074",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370723"}

@inproceedings{bb376606,
        AUTHOR = "Lecolinet, E. and Crettez, J.P.",
        TITLE = "A Grapheme-Based Segmentation Technique for Cursive Script Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR91,
        YEAR = "1991",
        PAGES = "740-xx",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370724"}

@inproceedings{bb376607,
        AUTHOR = "Wong, K.H. and Fallside, F.",
        TITLE = "Dynamic Programming in the Recognition of Connected Handwritten Script",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIA85,
        YEAR = "1985",
        PAGES = "666-670",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370725"}

@inproceedings{bb376608,
        AUTHOR = "Sinha, R.M.K.",
        TITLE = "A Knowledge Based Script Reader",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR84,
        YEAR = "1984",
        PAGES = "763-765",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1017.html#TT370726"}

@article{bb376609,
        AUTHOR = "Sayre, K.M.",
        TITLE = "Machine Recognition of Handwritten Words: A Project Report",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "1973",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "213-228",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370727"}

@article{bb376610,
        AUTHOR = "Farag, R.F.H.",
        TITLE = "Word-Level Recognition of Cursive Script",
        JOURNAL = TC,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "1979",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "172-175",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370728"}

@article{bb376611,
        AUTHOR = "Hayes, K.C.",
        TITLE = "Reading Handwritten Words Using Hierarchical Relaxation",
        JOURNAL = CGIP,
        VOLUME = "14",
        YEAR = "1980",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "344-364",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370729"}

@inproceedings{bb376612,
        AUTHOR = "Hayes, K.C.",
        TITLE = "Understanding Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = UMD,
        YEAR = "1981",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370730"}

@inproceedings{bb376613,
        AUTHOR = "Hayes, K.C.",
        TITLE = "Understanding Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = Ph.D.,
        YEAR = "1981",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370730"}

@article{bb376614,
        AUTHOR = "Brown, M.K. and Ganapathy, S.",
        TITLE = "Preprocessing Techniques for Cursive Script Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "1983",
        NUMBER = "5",
        PAGES = "447-458",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370731"}

@article{bb376615,
        AUTHOR = "Kundu, A. and He, Y. and Bahl, P.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Handwritten Words:
First and Second Order Hidden Markov Model Based Approach",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "1989",
        NUMBER = "3",
        PAGES = "283-297",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370732"}

@inproceedings{bb376616,
        AUTHOR = "Bahl, P. and He, Y. and Kundu, A.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Handwritten Words:
First and Second Order Hidden Markov Model Based Approach",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR88,
        YEAR = "1988",
        PAGES = "457-462",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370732"}

@inproceedings{bb376617,
        AUTHOR = "Kundu, A. and Beach, R.",
        TITLE = "Machine reading of handwritten text information in field technician's
maps",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP98,
        YEAR = "1998",
        PAGES = "II: 943-947",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370733"}

@article{bb376618,
        AUTHOR = "Simon, J.C.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Cursive Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PIEEE,
        VOLUME = "80",
        YEAR = "1992",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1150-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370734"}

@article{bb376619,
        AUTHOR = "Paquet, T. and Lecourtier, Y.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of handwritten sentences using a restricted lexicon",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "26",
        YEAR = "1993",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "391-407",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370735"}

@article{bb376620,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, M.Y. and Kundu, A. and Zhou, J.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Handwritten Word Recognition Using a Hidden Markov
Model Type Stochastic Network",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "481-496",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370736"}

@inproceedings{bb376621,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, M.Y. and Kundu, A. and Zhou, J.",
        TITLE = "Off-line handwritten word recognition (HWR) using a single contextual
hidden Markov model",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "669-672",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370737"}

@inproceedings{bb376622,
        AUTHOR = "He, Y. and Chen, M.Y. and Kundu, A.",
        TITLE = "Off-line handwritten word recognition using HMM with adaptive length
Viterbi algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "B:460-462",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370738"}

@article{bb376623,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, M.Y. and Kundu, A. and Srihari, S.N.",
        TITLE = "Variable Duration Hidden Markov Model and Morphological 
Segmentation for Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IP,
        VOLUME = "4",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "1675-1688",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370739"}

@inproceedings{bb376624,
        AUTHOR = "Srihari, S.N. and Kundu, A. and Chen, M.Y.",
        TITLE = "Variable Duration Hidden Markov Model and Morphological 
Segmentation for Handwritten Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR93,
        YEAR = "1993",
        PAGES = "600-601",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370739"}

@inproceedings{bb376625,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, M.Y. and Kundu, A.",
        TITLE = "A complement to variable duration hidden Markov model in handwritten
word recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "I: 174-178",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370740"}

@article{bb376626,
        AUTHOR = "Kundu, A. and He, Y. and Chen, M.Y.",
        TITLE = "Alternatives to Variable Duration HMM in Handwriting Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "20",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "11",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "1275-1280",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370741"}

@inproceedings{bb376627,
        AUTHOR = "Kundu, A. and Hines, T. and Huyck, B. and Phillips, J. and van Guilder, L.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Variable Duration HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "644-648",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370742"}

@article{bb376628,
        AUTHOR = "Gilloux, M. and Leroux, M. and Bertille, J.M.",
        TITLE = "Strategies for Cursive Script Recognition Using Hidden Markov-Models",
        JOURNAL = MVA,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "4",
        PAGES = "197-205",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370743"}

@inproceedings{bb376629,
        AUTHOR = "Gilloux, M.",
        TITLE = "Writer adaptation for handwritten word recognition using hidden Markov
models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "B:135-139",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370744"}

@inproceedings{bb376630,
        AUTHOR = "Leroux, M. and Salome, J.C. and Badard, J.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Cursive Script Words in a Small Lexicon",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR91,
        YEAR = "1991",
        PAGES = "774-xx",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370745"}

@article{bb376631,
        AUTHOR = "El Yacoubi, M.A. and Gilloux, M. and Sabourin, R. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "An HMM-Based Approach for Off-Line Unconstrained Handwritten Word
Modeling and Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "752-760",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370746"}

@article{bb376632,
        AUTHOR = "Koerich, A.L. and Sabourin, R. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Recognition and Verification of Unconstrained Handwritten Words",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1509-1522",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370747"}

@article{bb376633,
        AUTHOR = "Koerich, A.L. and Sabourin, R. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Lexicon-driven HMM decoding for large vocabulary handwriting
recognition with multiple character models",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "6",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "2",
        PAGES = "126-144",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370748"}

@inproceedings{bb376634,
        AUTHOR = "Koerich, A.L. and Sabourin, R. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "A distributed scheme for lexicon-driven handwritten word recognition
and its application to large vocabulary problems",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "660-664",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370749"}

@inproceedings{bb376635,
        AUTHOR = "Koerich, A.L. and Leydier, Y. and Sabourin, R. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "A hybrid large vocabulary handwritten word recognition system using
neural networks with hidden markov models",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "99-104",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370750"}

@inproceedings{bb376636,
        AUTHOR = "Suen, C.Y. and Sabourin, R. and El Yacoubi, A.",
        TITLE = "Improved Model Architecture and Training Phase in an
Off-Line HMM-Based Word Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR98,
        YEAR = "1998",
        PAGES = "Vol II: 1521-1525",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370751"}

@inproceedings{bb376637,
        AUTHOR = "Morita, M. and Sabourin, R. and Bortolozzi, F. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised Feature Selection Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms
for Handwritten Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "666-670",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370752"}

@article{bb376638,
        AUTHOR = "Clergeautournemire, S. and Plamondon, R.",
        TITLE = "Integration of Lexical and Syntactic Knowledge in a
Handwriting-Recognition System",
        JOURNAL = MVA,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "4",
        PAGES = "249-259",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370753"}

@article{bb376639,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, G.H. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "A Lexicon Driven Approach to Handwritten Word Recognition
for Real-Time Applications",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "19",
        YEAR = "1997",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "366-379",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370754"}

@article{bb376640,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, G.H. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Phrase Recognition As Applied To Street Name Images",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "41-51",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370755"}

@inproceedings{bb376641,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, G.H. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of Handwritten Phrases as Applied to Street Name Images",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR96,
        YEAR = "1996",
        PAGES = "459-464",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370756"}

@article{bb376642,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, G.H. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Efficient Chain Code Based Image Manipulation for
Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = SPIE,
        VOLUME = "2660",
        YEAR = "1996",
        PAGES = "262-272",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370757"}

@article{bb376643,
        AUTHOR = "Govindaraju, V. and Krishnamurthy, R.K.",
        TITLE = "Holistic Handwritten Word Recognition Using Temporal Features
Derived from Off-Line Images",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "17",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "537-540",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370758"}

@article{bb376644,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Kleinberg, E. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Holistic Verification of Handwritten Phrases",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "1344-1356",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370759"}

@inproceedings{bb376645,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Kleinberg, E. and Govindaraju, V. and Srihari, S.N.",
        TITLE = "The Hover System for Rapid Holistic Verification of
Off-Line Handwritten Phrases",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "855-859",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370760"}

@article{bb376646,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Govindaraju, V. and Srihari, S.N.",
        TITLE = "Reading Handwritten Phrases on US Census Forms",
        JOURNAL = IJIST,
        VOLUME = "7",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "4",
        PAGES = "312-319",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370761"}

@article{bb376647,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Kim, G.H. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Chaincode Contour Processing for Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "928-932",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370762"}

@article{bb376648,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "23",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "149-164",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370763"}

@inproceedings{bb376649,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Contour-Based Image Preprocessing for
Holistic Handwritten Word Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "536-539",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370764"}

@inproceedings{bb376650,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Pruning Large Lexicons Using Generalized Word Shape Descriptors",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "552-555",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370765"}

@article{bb376651,
        AUTHOR = "Madhvanath, S. and Krpasundar, V. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Syntactic methodology of pruning large lexicons in cursive script
recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "37-46",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370766"}

@inproceedings{bb376652,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, G.H. and Govindaraju, V. and Srihari, S.N.",
        TITLE = "A Segmentation and Recognition Strategy for Handwritten Phrases",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR96,
        YEAR = "1996",
        PAGES = "IV: 510-514",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370767"}

@article{bb376653,
        AUTHOR = "Dewaard, W.P.",
        TITLE = "An Optimized Minimal Edit Distance for Hand-Written Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1091-1096",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370768"}

@article{bb376654,
        AUTHOR = "Eliaz, A. and Geiger, D.",
        TITLE = "Word-Level Recognition of Small Sets of Hand-Written Words",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "999-1009",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370769"}

@article{bb376655,
        AUTHOR = "Cho, W.Y. and Lee, S.W. and Kim, J.H.",
        TITLE = "Modeling and Recognition of Cursive Words with Hidden Markov-Models",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "1941-1953",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370770"}

@article{bb376656,
        AUTHOR = "Gader, P.D. and Mohamed, M.A. and Keller, J.M.",
        TITLE = "Dynamic-Programming-Based Handwritten Word Recognition Using the
Choquet Fuzzy Integral as the Match Function",
        JOURNAL = JEI,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "15-24",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370771"}

@article{bb376657,
        AUTHOR = "Gader, P.D. and Mohamed, M.A. and Chinag, J.H.",
        TITLE = "Comparison of Crisp and Fuzzy Character Neural Networks in
Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = Fuzzy,
        VOLUME = "3",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "357-364",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370772"}

@article{bb376658,
        AUTHOR = "Gader, P.D. and Mohamed, M.A. and Chiang, J.H.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Word Recognition with Character and Inter-Character
Neural Networks",
        JOURNAL = SMC-B,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "1997",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "158-164",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370773"}

@article{bb376659,
        AUTHOR = "Mohamed, M.A. and Gader, P.D.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Word Recognition Using Segmentation-Free Hidden Markov Modeling
and Segmentation-Based Dynamic-Programming Techniques",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "548-554",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370774"}

@article{bb376660,
        AUTHOR = "Gader, P.D. and Whalen, M. and Ganzberger, M. and Hepp, D.",
        TITLE = "Handprinted Word Recognition on a NIST Data Set",
        JOURNAL = MVA,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "31-40",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370775"}

@article{bb376661,
        AUTHOR = "Gader, P.D. and Mohamed, M.A. and Keller, J.M.",
        TITLE = "Fusion of Handwritten Word Classifiers",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "17",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "577-584",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370776"}

@article{bb376662,
        AUTHOR = "Chiang, J.H.",
        TITLE = "A Hybrid Neural Network Model in Handwritten Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = NeurNet,
        VOLUME = "11",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "337-346",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370777"}

@article{bb376663,
        AUTHOR = "Parisse, C.",
        TITLE = "Global Word Shape Processing in Off-Line Recognition of Handwriting",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "460-464",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370778"}

@article{bb376664,
        AUTHOR = "Powalka, R.K. and Sherkat, N. and Whitrow, R.J.",
        TITLE = "Word Shape-Analysis for a Hybrid Recognition System",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "1997",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "421-445",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370779"}

@inproceedings{bb376665,
        AUTHOR = "Sherkat, N.",
        TITLE = "Influence of zoning on whole word recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 1085-1089",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370780"}

@article{bb376666,
        AUTHOR = "Saon, G.",
        TITLE = "Cursive word recognition using a random field based hidden Markov model",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "1",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "4 1999",
        PAGES = "199-208",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370781"}

@article{bb376667,
        AUTHOR = "Zimmermann, M. and Mao, J.",
        TITLE = "Lexicon reduction using key characters in cursive handwritten words",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "20",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "11-13",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "1297-1304",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370782"}

@article{bb376668,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A. and Luettin, J.",
        TITLE = "A new normalization technique for cursive handwritten words",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1043-1050",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370783"}

@article{bb376669,
        AUTHOR = "Verma, B. and Gader, P.D. and Chen, W.T.",
        TITLE = "Fusion of multiple handwritten word recognition techniques",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "991-998",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370784"}

@article{bb376670,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, J.H. and Gader, P.D.",
        TITLE = "Neural networks with enhanced outlier rejection ability for off-line
handwritten word recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "2061-2071",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370785"}

@inproceedings{bb376671,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, J.H. and Gader, P.D.",
        TITLE = "Outlier Rejection with MLPs and Variants of RBF Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "Vol II: 680-683",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370786"}

@article{bb376672,
        AUTHOR = "Marti, U.V. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "39-46",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370787"}

@inproceedings{bb376673,
        AUTHOR = "Marti, U.V. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "On the influence of vocabulary size and language models in
unconstrained handwritten text recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "260-265",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370788"}

@inproceedings{bb376674,
        AUTHOR = "Marti, U.V. and Messerli, R. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Writer identification using text line based features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "101-105",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370789"}

@inproceedings{bb376675,
        AUTHOR = "Marti, U.V. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Text line segmentation and word recognition in a system for general
writer independent handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "159-163",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370790"}

@inproceedings{bb376676,
        AUTHOR = "Marti, U.V. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Sentence Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "Vol III: 463-466",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370791"}

@article{bb376677,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A.",
        TITLE = "A survey on off-line Cursive Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "1433-1446",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370792"}

@article{bb376678,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A. and Bengio, S.",
        TITLE = "Writer adaptation techniques in HMM based Off-Line Cursive Script
Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "23",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "905-916",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370793"}

@inproceedings{bb376679,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A. and Bengio, S.",
        TITLE = "Writer adaptation techniques in off-line cursive word recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "287-291",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370794"}

@inproceedings{bb376680,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A. and Bengio, S.",
        TITLE = "Offline cursive word recognition using continuous density hidden Markov
models trained with PCA or ICA features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "III: 81-84",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370795"}

@article{bb376681,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A. and Bengio, S. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Texts Using HMMs and
Statistical Language Models",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "26",
        YEAR = "2004",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "709-720",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370796"}

@inproceedings{bb376682,
        AUTHOR = "Vinciarelli, A. and Bengio, S. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Recognition of Large Vocabulary Cursive Handwritten Text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "1101-1105",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370797"}

@inproceedings{bb376683,
        AUTHOR = "Zimmermann, M. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Optimizing the integration of a statistical language model in HMM based
offline handwritten text recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "II: 541-544",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370798"}

@article{bb376684,
        AUTHOR = "Bertolami, R. and Zimmermann, M. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Rejection Strategies for Offline Handwritten Text Line Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "2006",
        NUMBER = "16",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2005-2012",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370799"}

@inproceedings{bb376685,
        AUTHOR = "Zimmermann, M. and Bertolami, R. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Rejection strategies for offline handwritten sentence recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "II: 550-553",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370800"}

@article{bb376686,
        AUTHOR = "Bertolami, R. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Hidden Markov Model-Based Ensemble Methods for Offline Handwritten Text
Line Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "41",
        YEAR = "2008",
        NUMBER = "11",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "3452-3460",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370801"}

@inproceedings{bb376687,
        AUTHOR = "Bertolami, R. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Multiple Handwritten Text Line Recognition Systems Derived from
Specific Integration of a Language Model",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 521-527",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370802"}

@article{bb376688,
        AUTHOR = "Bunke, H. and Roth, M. and Schukat Talamazzini, E.G.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov-Models",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "1399-1413",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370803"}

@inproceedings{bb376689,
        AUTHOR = "Bunke, H. and Roth, M. and Schukat Talamazzini, E.G.",
        TITLE = "Off-line recognition of cursive script produced by a cooperative writer",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "B:383-386",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370804"}

@article{bb376690,
        AUTHOR = "Camastra, F. and Vinciarelli, A.",
        TITLE = "Cursive character recognition by learning vector quantization",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "6-7",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "625-629",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370805"}

@inproceedings{bb376691,
        AUTHOR = "Camastra, F. and Spinetti, M. and Vinciarelli, A.",
        TITLE = "Offline Cursive Character Challenge: a New Benchmark for Machine
Learning and Pattern Recognition Algorithms.",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 913-916",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370806"}

@article{bb376692,
        AUTHOR = "Camastra, F.",
        TITLE = "A SVM-based cursive character recognizer",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "40",
        YEAR = "2007",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "3721-3727",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370807"}

@article{bb376693,
        AUTHOR = "Pitrelli, J.F. and Roy, A.",
        TITLE = "Creating word-level language models for large-vocabulary handwriting
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "2-3",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "126-137",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370808"}

@inproceedings{bb376694,
        AUTHOR = "Pitrelli, J.F. and Roy, A.",
        TITLE = "Creating word-level language models for handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "721-725",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370809"}

@article{bb376695,
        AUTHOR = "Pitrelli, J.F. and Subrahmonia, J. and Perrone, M.P.",
        TITLE = "Confidence modeling for handwriting recognition:
Algorithms and Applications",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "2006",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "35-46",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370810"}

@inproceedings{bb376696,
        AUTHOR = "Pitrelli, J.F. and Perrone, M.P.",
        TITLE = "Confidence-scoring post-processing for off-line handwritten-character
recognition verification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "278-282",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370811"}

@inproceedings{bb376697,
        AUTHOR = "Pitrelli, J.F. and Perrone, M.P.",
        TITLE = "Confidence modeling for verification post-processing for handwriting
recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "30-35",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370812"}

@article{bb376698,
        AUTHOR = "Gunter, S. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "HMM-based handwritten word recognition: on the optimization of the
number of states, training iterations and Gaussian components",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "37",
        YEAR = "2004",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "2069-2079",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370813"}

@inproceedings{bb376699,
        AUTHOR = "Gunter, S. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Optimizing the number of states, training iterations and Gaussians in
an HMM-based handwritten word recognizer",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "472-476",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1018.html#TT370814"}

Last update:Aug 19, 2026 at 13:26:35