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@article{bb370612,
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@article{bb370613,
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@inproceedings{bb370614,
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@inproceedings{bb370615,
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@article{bb370616,
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@article{bb370621,
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@article{bb370623,
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historical Hebrew calligraphy documents",
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@article{bb370624,
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degraded historical characters",
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@article{bb370625,
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@inproceedings{bb370626,
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        YEAR = "2007",
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@inproceedings{bb370627,
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@inproceedings{bb370628,
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@article{bb370629,
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        AUTHOR = "Vamvakas, G. and Gatos, B. and Perantonis, S.J.",
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Isolated Greek Handwritten Character Recognition",
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@article{bb370633,
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@article{bb370635,
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@article{bb370636,
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@inproceedings{bb370637,
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@article{bb370638,
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@article{bb370639,
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@article{bb370640,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364756"}

@article{bb370641,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364757"}

@article{bb370642,
        AUTHOR = "Yan, C. and Xie, H.T. and Liu, S. and Yin, J. and Zhang, Y. and Dai, Q.",
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for Traffic Prompt Identification",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364758"}

@article{bb370643,
        AUTHOR = "Yan, C. and Xie, H. and Chen, J. and Zha, Z. and Hao, X. and Zhang, Y. and Dai, Q.",
        TITLE = "A Fast Uyghur Text Detector for Complex Background Images",
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        PAGES = "3389-3398",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364759"}

@inproceedings{bb370644,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, S. and Xie, H.T. and Zhou, C. and Mao, Z.D.",
        TITLE = "Uyghur Language Text Detection in Complex Background Images Using
Enhanced MSERs",
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        YEAR = "2017",
        PAGES = "I: 490-500",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364760"}

@article{bb370645,
        AUTHOR = "Nguyen, H.T. and Nguyen, C.T. and Bao, P.T. and Nakagawa, M.",
        TITLE = "A database of unconstrained Vietnamese online handwriting and
recognition experiments by recurrent neural networks",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        YEAR = "2018",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364761"}

@article{bb370646,
        AUTHOR = "Shreekanth, T. and Deeksha, M.R. and Kaushik, K.R.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Data Independent Approach for Conversion of Hand Punched
Kannada Braille Script to Text and Speech",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "02",
        PAGES = "1850010",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364762"}

@article{bb370647,
        AUTHOR = "Manjusha, K. and Kumar, M.A. and Soman, K.P.",
        TITLE = "Integrating scattering feature maps with convolutional neural networks
for Malayalam handwritten character recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
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        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "187-198",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364763"}

@article{bb370648,
        AUTHOR = "Antony, P.J. and Savitha, C.K.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation and recognition of characters on Tulu palm leaf
manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "9",
        YEAR = "2019",
        NUMBER = "5",
        PAGES = "438-457",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364764"}

@article{bb370649,
        AUTHOR = "Simayi, W. and Ibrahim, M. and Zhang, X.Y. and Liu, C.L. and Hamdulla, A.",
        TITLE = "A benchmark for unconstrained online handwritten Uyghur word
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
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        YEAR = "2020",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "205-218",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364765"}

@article{bb370650,
        AUTHOR = "Ma, J.L. and Cao, Y.R. and Ma, Z.P. and Wei, L. and Hao, C.H.",
        TITLE = "End-to-end Tangut character database building and recognition method",
        JOURNAL = IET-IPR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2022",
        NUMBER = "8",
        PAGES = "2087-2100",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364766"}

@article{bb370651,
        AUTHOR = "Ma, Z.P. and Ma, J.L.",
        TITLE = "TTN-FCN: A Tangut character classification framework by tree tensor
network and fully connected neural network",
        JOURNAL = IET-IPR,
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        YEAR = "2023",
        NUMBER = "13",
        PAGES = "3815-3829",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364767"}

@inproceedings{bb370652,
        AUTHOR = "Gan, H.Y. and Zhao, Y.C. and Zhang, Y.M. and Yang, Y. and Ge, H. and Peng, G.",
        TITLE = "The New Tai Le Character Recognition System Based on Modelarts
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        YEAR = "2025",
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@article{bb370653,
        AUTHOR = "Win, N.N.H.",
        TITLE = "Spatial attributes-based segmentation and topological attributes-based
recognition algorithm for Myanmar OCR",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "2026",
        NUMBER = "1",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364769"}

@inproceedings{bb370654,
        AUTHOR = "Stotzner, E. and Homburg, T. and Mara, H.",
        TITLE = "CNN based Cuneiform Sign Detection Learned from Annotated 3D
Renderings and Mapped Photographs with Illumination Augmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = eHeritage23,
        YEAR = "2023",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364770"}

@inproceedings{bb370655,
        AUTHOR = "Fermanian, R. and Yaacoub, C. and Akl, A. and Bilane, P.",
        TITLE = "Deep Recognition-based Character Segmentation in Handwritten Syriac
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        BOOKTITLE = IPTA20,
        YEAR = "2020",
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@inproceedings{bb370656,
        AUTHOR = "Ovodov, I.G.",
        TITLE = "Optical Braille Recognition Using Object Detection Neural Network",
        BOOKTITLE = ACVR21,
        YEAR = "2021",
        PAGES = "1741-1748",
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@inproceedings{bb370657,
        AUTHOR = "Wei, H.X. and Zhang, H. and Zhang, J. and Liu, K.",
        TITLE = "Multi-Task Learning Based Traditional Mongolian Words Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR21,
        YEAR = "2021",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364773"}

@inproceedings{bb370658,
        AUTHOR = "Li, R. and Liu, H. and Wang, X. and Xu, J. and Qian, Y.",
        TITLE = "Optical Braille Recognition Based on Semantic Segmentation Network
with Auxiliary Learning Strategy",
        BOOKTITLE = WTDDL20,
        YEAR = "2020",
        PAGES = "2362-2368",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364774"}

@inproceedings{bb370659,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, J.J. and Xie, H.T. and Hu, Y. and Yan, C.G.",
        TITLE = "Uyghur Text Localization with Fast Component Detection",
        BOOKTITLE = MMMod18,
        YEAR = "2018",
        PAGES = "I:565-577",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364775"}

@inproceedings{bb370660,
        AUTHOR = "Ma, L.L. and Liu, J. and Wu, J.",
        TITLE = "A new database for online handwritten Mongolian word recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "1131-1136",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364776"}

@inproceedings{bb370661,
        AUTHOR = "Premachandra, H.W.H. and Premachandra, C. and Kimura, T. and Kawanaka, H.",
        TITLE = "Artificial Neural Network Based Sinhala Character Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICCVG16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "594-603",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364777"}

@inproceedings{bb370662,
        AUTHOR = "Ouadid, Y. and Minaoui, B. and Fakir, M.",
        TITLE = "Spectral Graph Matching for Printed Tifinagh Character",
        BOOKTITLE = CGiV16,
        YEAR = "2016",
        PAGES = "105-111",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364778"}

@inproceedings{bb370663,
        AUTHOR = "Liu, C. and Song, Y.F. and Zhao, Z.C. and Su, F.",
        TITLE = "Fast Uyghur text detection in videos based on learning of baseline
feature",
        BOOKTITLE = VCIP15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364779"}

@inproceedings{bb370664,
        AUTHOR = "Padma, M.C. and Pasha, S.",
        TITLE = "Feature extraction of handwritten Kannada characters using curvelets
and principal component analysis",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1080-1084",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364780"}

@inproceedings{bb370665,
        AUTHOR = "Gatos, B. and Stamatopoulos, N. and Louloudis, G. and Sfikas, G. and Retsinas, G. and Papavassiliou, V. and Sunistira, F. and Katsouros, V.",
        TITLE = "GRPOLY-DB: An old Greek polytonic document image database",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "646-650",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364781"}

@inproceedings{bb370666,
        AUTHOR = "Simistira, F. and Ul Hassan, A. and Papavassiliou, V. and Gatos, B. and Katsouros, V. and Liwicki, M.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of historical Greek polytonic scripts using LSTM networks",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "766-770",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364782"}

@inproceedings{bb370667,
        AUTHOR = "Bogacz, B. and Gertz, M. and Mara, H.",
        TITLE = "Character retrieval of vectorized cuneiform script",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "326-330",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364783"}

@inproceedings{bb370668,
        AUTHOR = "Seidl, M. and Wieser, E. and Zeppelzauer, M. and Pinz, A. and Breiteneder, C.",
        TITLE = "Graph-Based Shape Similarity of Petroglyphs",
        BOOKTITLE = VISART14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "133-148",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364784"}

@inproceedings{bb370669,
        AUTHOR = "Ghosh, S. and Barman, U. and Bora, P.K. and Singh, T.H. and Chaudhuri, B.B.",
        TITLE = "An OCR system for the Meetei Mayek script",
        BOOKTITLE = NCVPRIPG13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364785"}

@inproceedings{bb370670,
        AUTHOR = "Deufemia, V. and Paolino, L.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation and Recognition of Petroglyphs Using Generic Fourier
Descriptors",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "487-494",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364786"}

@inproceedings{bb370671,
        AUTHOR = "Junaidi, A. and Grzeszick, R. and Fink, G.A. and Vajda, S.",
        TITLE = "Statistical Modeling of the Relation between Characters and
Diacritics in Lampung Script",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "663-667",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364787"}

@inproceedings{bb370672,
        AUTHOR = "Deufemia, V. and Paolino, L.",
        TITLE = "Combining Unsupervised Clustering with a Non-linear Deformation Model
for Efficient Petroglyph Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ISVC13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "II:128-137",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364788"}

@inproceedings{bb370673,
        AUTHOR = "Primekumar, K.P. and Idiculla, S.M.",
        TITLE = "On-line Malayalam handwritten character recognition using HMM and SVM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICSIPR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "322-326",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364789"}

@inproceedings{bb370674,
        AUTHOR = "Sumetphong, C. and Tangwongsan, S.",
        TITLE = "An Optimal Approach Towards Recognizing Broken Thai Characters in OCR
Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = DICTA12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364790"}

@inproceedings{bb370675,
        AUTHOR = "Ul Hasan, A. and Bukhari, S.S. and Rashid, S.F. and Shafait, F. and Breuel, T.M.",
        TITLE = "Semi-automated OCR database generation for Nabataean scripts",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "1667-1670",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364791"}

@inproceedings{bb370676,
        AUTHOR = "Wajid, M. and Abdullah, M.W. and Farooq, O.",
        TITLE = "Imprinted Braille-character pattern recognition using image processing
techniques",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIIP11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1-5",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364792"}

@inproceedings{bb370677,
        AUTHOR = "Gao, G.L. and Su, X.D. and Wei, H.X. and Gong, Y.",
        TITLE = "Classical Mongolian Words Recognition in Historical Document",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "692-697",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364793"}

@inproceedings{bb370678,
        AUTHOR = "Biller, O. and Kedem, K. and Dinstein, I. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Evolution Maps for Connected Components in Text Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "405-410",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364794"}

@inproceedings{bb370679,
        AUTHOR = "Cohen, R. and Kedem, K. and Dinstein, I. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Occluded Character Restoration Using Active Contour with Shape Priors",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "497-502",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364795"}

@inproceedings{bb370680,
        AUTHOR = "Rabaev, I. and Biller, O. and El Sana, J. and Kedem, K. and Dinstein, I.",
        TITLE = "Case Study in Hebrew Character Searching",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1080-1084",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364796"}

@inproceedings{bb370681,
        AUTHOR = "Nguyen, D.K. and Bui, T.D.",
        TITLE = "On the problem of classifying Vietnamese online handwritten characters",
        BOOKTITLE = ICARCV08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "803-808",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364797"}

@inproceedings{bb370682,
        AUTHOR = "Hirayama, M.J. and Kimura, Y.",
        TITLE = "Beading design diagram reading system for visually impaired persons",
        BOOKTITLE = FCV11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364798"}

@inproceedings{bb370683,
        AUTHOR = "Kunwar, R. and Shashikiran, K. and Ramakrishnan, A.G.",
        TITLE = "Online Handwritten Kannada Word Recognizer with Unrestricted Vocabulary",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "611-616",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364799"}

@inproceedings{bb370684,
        AUTHOR = "Bilane, P. and Bres, S. and Challita, K. and Emptoz, H.",
        TITLE = "Indexation of Syriac manuscripts using directional features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1841-1844",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364800"}

@inproceedings{bb370685,
        AUTHOR = "Babadi, M.Y. and Nasihatkon, B. and Azimifar, Z. and Fieguth, P.W.",
        TITLE = "Probabilistic estimation of Braille document parameters",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "2001-2004",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364801"}

@inproceedings{bb370686,
        AUTHOR = "Hoang, T.V. and Tabbone, S. and Pham, N.Y.",
        TITLE = "Extraction of Nom Text Regions from Stele Images Using Area Voronoi
Diagram",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "921-925",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364802"}

@inproceedings{bb370687,
        AUTHOR = "Hoang, T.V. and Tabbone, S. and Pham, N.Y.",
        TITLE = "Recognition-Based Segmentation of Nom Characters from Body Text Regions
of Stele Images Using Area Voronoi Diagram",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "205-212",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364803"}

@inproceedings{bb370688,
        AUTHOR = "Fahiem, M.A.",
        TITLE = "A Deterministic Turing Machine for Context Sensitive Translation of
Braille Codes to Urdu Text",
        BOOKTITLE = IWCIA08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364804"}

@inproceedings{bb370689,
        AUTHOR = "Cao, H. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "OCR-Driven Writer Identification and Adaptation in an HMM Handwriting
Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "739-743",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364805"}

@inproceedings{bb370690,
        AUTHOR = "Cao, H. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten and Typewritten Text Identification and Recognition Using
Hidden Markov Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "744-748",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364806"}

@inproceedings{bb370691,
        AUTHOR = "Cao, H. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in HMM Adaptation for Handwriting Recognition Using Writer
Identification and Duration Adaptation",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "154-159",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364807"}

@inproceedings{bb370692,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Bhardwaj, A. and Subramanian, K. and Cao, H. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Stochastic Segment Model Adaptation for Offline Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1993-1996",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364808"}

@inproceedings{bb370693,
        AUTHOR = "Natarajan, P. and Subramanian, K. and Bhardwaj, A. and Prasad, R.",
        TITLE = "Stochastic Segment Modeling for Offline Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "971-975",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364809"}

@inproceedings{bb370694,
        AUTHOR = "Natarajan, P. and Saleem, S. and Prasad, R. and MacRostie, E. and Subramanian, K.",
        TITLE = "Multi-lingual Offline Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov
Models: A Script-Independent Approach",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364810"}

@inproceedings{bb370695,
        AUTHOR = "Asliyan, R. and Gunel, K. and Yakhno, T.",
        TITLE = "Detecting Misspelled Words in Turkish Text Using Syllable n-gram
Frequencies",
        BOOKTITLE = PReMI07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "553-559",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364811"}

@inproceedings{bb370696,
        AUTHOR = "Chanda, S. and Terrades, O.R. and Pal, U.",
        TITLE = "SVM Based Scheme for Thai and English Script Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "551-555",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364812"}

@inproceedings{bb370697,
        AUTHOR = "Kirkhus, T. and Thielemann, J.T. and Fismen, B. and Schumann Olsen, H. and Sivertsen, R. and Carlin, M.",
        TITLE = "System for Reading Braille Embossed on Beverage Can Lids for
Authentication",
        BOOKTITLE = ACIVS06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "855-866",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364813"}

@inproceedings{bb370698,
        AUTHOR = "Pareti, R. and Vincent, N.",
        TITLE = "Ancient Initial Letters Indexing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 756-759",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364814"}

@inproceedings{bb370699,
        AUTHOR = "Cecotti, H. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid OCR combination approach complemented by a specialized ICR
applied on ancient documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 1045-1049",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1030.html#TT364815"}