@inproceedings{bb369800,
        AUTHOR = "Dinges, L. and Al Hamadi, A. and Elzobi, M.",
        TITLE = "A Locale Group Based Line Segmentation Approach for Non Uniform
Skewed and Curved Arabic Handwritings",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "803-806",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363915"}

@inproceedings{bb369801,
        AUTHOR = "Elzobi, M. and Al Hamadi, A. and Dings, L. and Elmezain, M. and Saeed, A.",
        TITLE = "A Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach with an Adaptive Threshold Model
for Off-Line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "945-949",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363916"}

@inproceedings{bb369802,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, J.Y. and Prasad, R. and Cao, H.G. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Detecting OOV Names in Arabic Handwritten Data",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "994-998",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363917"}

@inproceedings{bb369803,
        AUTHOR = "Su, B. and Ding, X.Q. and Peng, L.R. and Liu, C.S.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Baseline-independent Feature Set for Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "1250-1254",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363918"}

@inproceedings{bb369804,
        AUTHOR = "Chtourou, I. and Rouhou, A.C. and Jaiem, F.K. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "ALTID : Arabic/Latin Text Images Database for recognition research",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "836-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363919"}

@inproceedings{bb369805,
        AUTHOR = "Jaiem, F.K. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Database for Arabic Printed Text Recognition Research",
        BOOKTITLE = CIAP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "I:251-259",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363920"}

@inproceedings{bb369806,
        AUTHOR = "Rashwan, A.M. and Kamel, M.S. and Karray, F.",
        TITLE = "An Arabic Optical Character Recognition System Using Restricted
Boltzmann Machines",
        BOOKTITLE = CIARP13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "II:108-115",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363921"}

@inproceedings{bb369807,
        AUTHOR = "Li, N. and Xie, X.D. and Liu, W.T. and Lam, K.M.",
        TITLE = "Combination of global and local baseline-independent features for
offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "713-716",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363922"}

@inproceedings{bb369808,
        AUTHOR = "Cao, H.G. and Chen, J.Y. and Devlin, J. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Document recognition and translation system for unconstrained Arabic
documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "318-321",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363923"}

@inproceedings{bb369809,
        AUTHOR = "Porwal, U. and Zhou, Y.B. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Handwritten Arabic text recognition using Deep Belief Networks",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "302-305",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363924"}

@inproceedings{bb369810,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Zayene, O. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R.",
        TITLE = "New features for complex Arabic fonts in cascading recognition system",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "738-741",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363925"}

@inproceedings{bb369811,
        AUTHOR = "Samoud, F.B. and Maddouri, S.S. and Amiri, H.",
        TITLE = "Three Evaluation Criteria's towards a Comparison of Two Characters
Segmentation Methods for Handwritten Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "774-779",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363926"}

@inproceedings{bb369812,
        AUTHOR = "Hassaine, A. and Maadeed, S.A.",
        TITLE = "ICFHR 2012 Competition on Writer Identification Challenge 2: Arabic
Scripts",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "835-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363927"}

@inproceedings{bb369813,
        AUTHOR = "Rothacker, L. and Vajda, S. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Bag-of-Features Representations for Offline Handwriting Recognition
Applied to Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "149-154",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363928"}

@inproceedings{bb369814,
        AUTHOR = "Kacem, A. and Aouiti, N. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Structural Features Extraction for Handwritten Arabic Personal Names
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "268-273",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363929"}

@inproceedings{bb369815,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, A. and Kanoun, S. and Khemakhem, M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "A Database for Arabic Handwritten Text Image Recognition and Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "399-402",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363930"}

@inproceedings{bb369816,
        AUTHOR = "Al Maadeed, S. and Ayouby, W. and Hassaine, A. and Aljaam, J.M.",
        TITLE = "QUWI: An Arabic and English Handwriting Dataset for Offline Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "746-751",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363931"}

@inproceedings{bb369817,
        AUTHOR = "Djeddi, C. and Souici Meslati, L. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "Writer Recognition on Arabic Handwritten Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "493-501",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363932"}

@inproceedings{bb369818,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "A New Efficient Graphemes Segmentation Technique for Offline Arabic
Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "95-100",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363933"}

@inproceedings{bb369819,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "HMM-based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: Using New Feature
Extraction and Lexicon Ranking Techniques",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "554-559",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363934"}

@inproceedings{bb369820,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Azeem, S. and Eraqi, H.M.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwritten Personal Names Recognition System Based on
HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1304-1308",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363935"}

@inproceedings{bb369821,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "An On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System:
Based on a New On-line Graphemes Segmentation Technique",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "409-413",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363936"}

@inproceedings{bb369822,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmed, H. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System Based on HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1324-1328",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363937"}

@inproceedings{bb369823,
        AUTHOR = "Natarajan, P. and Belanger, D. and Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Subramanian, K. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Baseline Dependent Percentile Features for Offline Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "329-333",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363938"}

@inproceedings{bb369824,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Belanger, D. and Rosti, A.V. and Matsoukas, S. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Consensus Network Based Hypotheses Combination for Arabic Offline
Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2861-2864",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363939"}

@inproceedings{bb369825,
        AUTHOR = "Saleem, S. and Cao, H. and Subramanian, K. and Kamali, M. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in BBN's HMM-Based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition
System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "773-777",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363940"}

@inproceedings{bb369826,
        AUTHOR = "Alja'am, J.M. and Jaoua, A. and Bouridane, A.",
        TITLE = "The ICDAR2011 Arabic Writer Identification Contest",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1470-1474",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363941"}

@inproceedings{bb369827,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Ingold, R. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Impact of Character Models Choice on Arabic Text Recognition
Performance",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "670-675",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363942"}

@inproceedings{bb369828,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Gaussian Mixture Models for Arabic Font Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2174-2177",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363943"}

@inproceedings{bb369829,
        AUTHOR = "Njah, S. and Bezine, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "A New Encoding System: Application to On-line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "451-456",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363944"}

@inproceedings{bb369830,
        AUTHOR = "Boukerma, H. and Farah, N.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Arabic Baseline Estimation Algorithm Based on Sub-Words
Treatment",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "335-338",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363945"}

@inproceedings{bb369831,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "ICFHR 2010: Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "709-714",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363946"}

@inproceedings{bb369832,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "How to Improve a Handwriting Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1181-1185",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363947"}

@inproceedings{bb369833,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Databases and Competitions:
Strategies to Improve Arabic Recognition Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363948"}

@inproceedings{bb369834,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1274-1278",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363949"}

@inproceedings{bb369835,
        AUTHOR = "Lutf, M. and You, X.G. and Li, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Identification Using Language Diacritics",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1912-1915",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363950"}

@inproceedings{bb369836,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Govindaraju, V. and Cheng, Y.F. and Li, H.P.",
        TITLE = "A Novel Lexicon Reduction Method for Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2865-2868",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363951"}

@inproceedings{bb369837,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Features Integration for On-Line Handwriting Graphemes
Modeling Improvement",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "69-74",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363952"}

@inproceedings{bb369838,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy Segmentation and Graphemes Modeling for Online Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "695-700",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363953"}

@inproceedings{bb369839,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and El Baati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Online Arabic Handwriting Modeling System Based on the Graphemes
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2061-2064",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363954"}

@inproceedings{bb369840,
        AUTHOR = "Zaki, T. and Mammass, D. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "A Semantic Proximity Based System of Arabic Text Indexation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "419-427",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363955"}

@inproceedings{bb369841,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Hierarchical On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "867-871",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363956"}

@inproceedings{bb369842,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Efficient Generation of Comprehensive Database for Online Arabic Script
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1231-1235",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363957"}

@inproceedings{bb369843,
        AUTHOR = "Daifallah, K. and Zarka, N. and Jamous, H.",
        TITLE = "Recognition-Based Segmentation Algorithm for On-Line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "886-890",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363958"}

@inproceedings{bb369844,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Image Enhancement for Degraded Binary Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "895-899",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363959"}

@inproceedings{bb369845,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Removing Rule-Lines from Binary Handwritten Arabic Document Images
Using Directional Local Profile",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1916-1919",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363960"}

@inproceedings{bb369846,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "A Steerable Directional Local Profile Technique for Extraction of
Handwritten Arabic Text Lines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "176-180",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363961"}

@inproceedings{bb369847,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Text extraction from gray scale historical document images using
adaptive local connectivity map",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 794-798",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363962"}

@inproceedings{bb369848,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity
normalization",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "I: 473-476",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363963"}

@inproceedings{bb369849,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "793-797",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363964"}

@inproceedings{bb369850,
        AUTHOR = "Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Fast Rule-Line Removal Using Integral Images and Support Vector
Machines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "584-588",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363965"}

@inproceedings{bb369851,
        AUTHOR = "Abd Almageed, W. and Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Page Rule-Line Removal Using Linear Subspaces in Monochromatic
Handwritten Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "768-772",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363966"}

@inproceedings{bb369852,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Ingold, R. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "946-950",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363967"}

@inproceedings{bb369853,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Zahour, A. and Elabed, H. and Benabdelhafid, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised Block Covering Analysis for Text-Line Segmentation of
Arabic Ancient Handwritten Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1929-1932",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363968"}

@inproceedings{bb369854,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Combining of Off-line and On-line Feature Extraction Approaches for
Writer Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1299-1303",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363969"}

@inproceedings{bb369855,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Multi-fractal Modeling for On-line Text-Independent Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "623-627",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363970"}

@inproceedings{bb369856,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fractal and Multi-fractal for Arabic Offline Writer Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "3793-3796",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363971"}

@inproceedings{bb369857,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Temporal Order Recovery of the Scanned Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1116-1120",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363972"}

@inproceedings{bb369858,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Restored Stroke Chronology",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "411-415",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363973"}

@inproceedings{bb369859,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "New Algorithm of Straight or Curved Baseline Detection for Short Arabic
Handwritten Writing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "778-782",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363974"}

@inproceedings{bb369860,
        AUTHOR = "Hamdani, M. and El Abed, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for
Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "201-205",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363975"}

@inproceedings{bb369861,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "A Framework for the Combination of Different Arabic Handwritten Word
Recognition Systems",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1904-1907",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363976"}

@inproceedings{bb369862,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Bougacha, A. and Zahour, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Enhanced Text Extraction from Arabic Degraded Document Images Using EM
Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "743-747",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363977"}

@inproceedings{bb369863,
        AUTHOR = "Haboubi, S. and Maddouri, S. and Ellouze, N. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Invariant Primitives for Handwritten Arabic Script:
A Contrastive Study of Four Feature Sets",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "691-697",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363978"}

@inproceedings{bb369864,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Jonas, S. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363979"}

@inproceedings{bb369865,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Saleem, S. and Kamali, M. and Meermeier, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in hidden Markov model based Arabic OCR",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363980"}

@inproceedings{bb369866,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Belaid, A. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "A novel approach for the recognition of a wide Arabic handwritten word
lexicon",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363981"}

@inproceedings{bb369867,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "Neural Network for the Recognition of Handwritten Tunisian City Names",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1108-1112",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363982"}

@inproceedings{bb369868,
        AUTHOR = "Ali, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwritten Characters Classification Using Learning Vector
Quantization Algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "463-470",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363983"}

@inproceedings{bb369869,
        AUTHOR = "Amrouch, M. and Elyassa, M. and Rachidi, A. and Mammass, D.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Arabic Handwritten Characters Recognition Based on a Hidden
Markov Models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "447-454",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363984"}

@inproceedings{bb369870,
        AUTHOR = "Srihari, S.N. and Ball, G.R. and Srinivasan, H.",
        TITLE = "Versatile Search of Scanned Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363985"}

@inproceedings{bb369871,
        AUTHOR = "Abdul Kader, A.",
        TITLE = "A Two-Tier Arabic Offline Handwriting Recognition Based on Conditional
Joining Rules",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363986"}

@inproceedings{bb369872,
        AUTHOR = "Lopresti, D.P. and Nagy, G. and Seth, S.C. and Zhang, X.L.",
        TITLE = "Multi-character Field Recognition for Arabic and Chinese Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363987"}

@inproceedings{bb369873,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amor, N. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "An Approach for Multifont Arabic Characters Features Extraction Based
on Contourlet Transform",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1048-1052",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363988"}

@inproceedings{bb369874,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Zahour, A. and Taconet, B. and Alimi, A.M. and Benabdelhafid, A.",
        TITLE = "PRAAD: Preprocessing and Analysis Tool for Arabic Ancient Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1058-1062",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363989"}

@inproceedings{bb369875,
        AUTHOR = "Khelifi, B. and Zaghden, N. and Alimi, M.A. and Mullot, R.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised categorization of heterogeneous text images based on
fractals",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR08,
        YEAR = "2008",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363990"}

@inproceedings{bb369876,
        AUTHOR = "Benjelil, M. and Mullot, R. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Language and Script Identification Based on Steerable Pyramid Features",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "716-721",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363991"}

@inproceedings{bb369877,
        AUTHOR = "Benjelil, M. and Kanoun, S. and Mullot, R. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic and Latin Script Identification in Printed and Handwritten Types
Based on Steerable Pyramid Features",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "591-595",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363992"}

@inproceedings{bb369878,
        AUTHOR = "Jlaiel, M.B. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Mullot, R.",
        TITLE = "Three decision levels strategy for Arabic and Latin texts
differentiation in printed and handwritten natures",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1103-1107",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363993"}

@inproceedings{bb369879,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Ennaji, A. and Lecourtier, Y. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Script and nature differentiation for Arabic and Latin text images",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "309-313",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363994"}

@inproceedings{bb369880,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Ennaji, A. and Lecourtier, Y. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Linguistic integration information in the aabatas arabic text analysis
system",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "389-394",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363995"}

@inproceedings{bb369881,
        AUTHOR = "Gazzah, S. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the
DWT-Lifting Scheme",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1133-1137",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363996"}

@inproceedings{bb369882,
        AUTHOR = "Zahour, A. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Boussellaa, W. and Taconet, B.",
        TITLE = "Text Line Segmentation of Historical Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "138-142",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363997"}

@inproceedings{bb369883,
        AUTHOR = "Bulacu, M. and Schomaker, L.R.B. and Brink, A.A.",
        TITLE = "Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification on Offline
Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "769-773",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363998"}

@inproceedings{bb369884,
        AUTHOR = "Attia, M. and El Mahallawy, M.",
        TITLE = "Histogram-Based Lines and Words Decomposition for Arabic Omni
Font-Written OCR Systems; Enhancements and Evaluation",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "522-530",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT363999"}

@inproceedings{bb369885,
        AUTHOR = "Zheng, L.Y.",
        TITLE = "Machine Printed Arabic Character Recognition Using S-GCM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 893-896",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364000"}

@inproceedings{bb369886,
        AUTHOR = "Farooq, F. and Govindaraju, V. and Perrone, M.",
        TITLE = "Pre-processing methods for handwritten Arabic documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 267-271",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364001"}

@inproceedings{bb369887,
        AUTHOR = "Chan, J. and Ziftci, C. and Forsyth, D.A.",
        TITLE = "Searching Off-line Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "II: 1455-1462",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364002"}

@inproceedings{bb369888,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amor, N. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Combining a hybrid Approach for Features Selection and Hidden Markov
Models in Multifont Arabic Characters Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = DIAL06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "103-107",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364003"}

@inproceedings{bb369889,
        AUTHOR = "Xiu, P.P. and Peng, L.R. and Ding, X.Q.",
        TITLE = "Multi-Queue Merging Scheme And Its Application in Arabic Script
Segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = DIAL06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "24-29",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364004"}

@inproceedings{bb369890,
        AUTHOR = "Xiu, P.P. and Peng, L.R. and Ding, X.Q. and Wang, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Handwritten Arabic Character Segmentation with Probabilistic
Model",
        BOOKTITLE = DAS06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "402-412",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364005"}

@inproceedings{bb369891,
        AUTHOR = "El Hajj, R. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Mokbel, C.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwriting recognition using baseline dependant features and
hidden Markov modeling",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 893-897",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364006"}

@inproceedings{bb369892,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Slimane, F. and Guesmi, H. and Ingold, R. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Affixal Approach versus Analytical Approach for Off-Line Arabic
Decomposable Vocabulary Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "661-665",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364007"}

@inproceedings{bb369893,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Lecourtier, Y.",
        TITLE = "Affixal approach for Arabic decomposable vocabulary recognition a
validation on printed word in only one font",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 1025-1029",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364008"}

@inproceedings{bb369894,
        AUTHOR = "Pechwitz, M. and Maergner, V.",
        TITLE = "HMM based approach for handwritten Arabic word recognition using the
IFN/ENIT - database",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR03,
        YEAR = "2003",
        PAGES = "890-894",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364009"}

@inproceedings{bb369895,
        AUTHOR = "Al Ma'adeed, S. and Higgens, C.A. and Elliman, D.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of off-line handwritten Arabic words using hidden Markov
model approach",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "III: 481-484",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364010"}

@inproceedings{bb369896,
        AUTHOR = "Sari, T. and Souici, L. and Sellami, M.",
        TITLE = "Off-line handwritten Arabic character segmentation algorithm: ACSA",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "452-457",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364011"}

@inproceedings{bb369897,
        AUTHOR = "Sari, T. and Sellami, M.",
        TITLE = "MOrpho-LEXical analysis for correcting OCR-genereted arabic words
(MOLEX)",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "461-466",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364012"}

@inproceedings{bb369898,
        AUTHOR = "Pechwitz, M. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "Baseline estimation for Arabic handwritten words",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "479-484",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364013"}

@inproceedings{bb369899,
        AUTHOR = "Margner, V. and Pechwitz, M.",
        TITLE = "Synthetic data for Arabic OCR system development",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "1159-1163",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT364014"}