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        AUTHOR = "Rothacker, L. and Vajda, S. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Bag-of-Features Representations for Offline Handwriting Recognition
Applied to Arabic Script",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "149-154",
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@inproceedings{bb356801,
        AUTHOR = "Kacem, A. and Aouiti, N. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Structural Features Extraction for Handwritten Arabic Personal Names
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "268-273",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT350989"}

@inproceedings{bb356802,
        AUTHOR = "Mezghani, A. and Kanoun, S. and Khemakhem, M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "A Database for Arabic Handwritten Text Image Recognition and Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "399-402",
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@inproceedings{bb356803,
        AUTHOR = "Al Maadeed, S. and Ayouby, W. and Hassaine, A. and Aljaam, J.M.",
        TITLE = "QUWI: An Arabic and English Handwriting Dataset for Offline Writer
Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "746-751",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT350991"}

@inproceedings{bb356804,
        AUTHOR = "Djeddi, C. and Souici Meslati, L. and Ennaji, A.",
        TITLE = "Writer Recognition on Arabic Handwritten Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP12,
        YEAR = "2012",
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@inproceedings{bb356805,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "A New Efficient Graphemes Segmentation Technique for Offline Arabic
Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "95-100",
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@inproceedings{bb356806,
        AUTHOR = "Eraqi, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "HMM-based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: Using New Feature
Extraction and Lexicon Ranking Techniques",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR12,
        YEAR = "2012",
        PAGES = "554-559",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT350994"}

@inproceedings{bb356807,
        AUTHOR = "Abdel Azeem, S. and Eraqi, H.M.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwritten Personal Names Recognition System Based on
HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1304-1308",
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@inproceedings{bb356808,
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        TITLE = "An On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System:
Based on a New On-line Graphemes Segmentation Technique",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
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@inproceedings{bb356809,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmed, H. and Abdel Azeem, S.",
        TITLE = "On-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition System Based on HMM",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "1324-1328",
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@inproceedings{bb356810,
        AUTHOR = "Natarajan, P. and Belanger, D. and Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Subramanian, K. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Baseline Dependent Percentile Features for Offline Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "329-333",
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@inproceedings{bb356811,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Kamali, M. and Belanger, D. and Rosti, A.V. and Matsoukas, S. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Consensus Network Based Hypotheses Combination for Arabic Offline
Handwriting Recognition",
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        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2861-2864",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT350999"}

@inproceedings{bb356812,
        AUTHOR = "Saleem, S. and Cao, H. and Subramanian, K. and Kamali, M. and Prasad, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in BBN's HMM-Based Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition
System",
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        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "773-777",
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@inproceedings{bb356813,
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        TITLE = "The ICDAR2011 Arabic Writer Identification Contest",
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        YEAR = "2011",
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@inproceedings{bb356814,
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        TITLE = "Impact of Character Models Choice on Arabic Text Recognition
Performance",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "670-675",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351002"}

@inproceedings{bb356815,
        AUTHOR = "Slimane, F. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Ingold, R. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Gaussian Mixture Models for Arabic Font Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "2174-2177",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351003"}

@inproceedings{bb356816,
        AUTHOR = "Njah, S. and Bezine, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "A New Encoding System: Application to On-line Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "451-456",
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@inproceedings{bb356817,
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@inproceedings{bb356818,
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@inproceedings{bb356819,
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@inproceedings{bb356820,
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Strategies to Improve Arabic Recognition Systems",
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@inproceedings{bb356822,
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        TITLE = "Offline Arabic Handwriting Identification Using Language Diacritics",
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        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1912-1915",
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@inproceedings{bb356823,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Govindaraju, V. and Cheng, Y.F. and Li, H.P.",
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        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
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        PAGES = "2865-2868",
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@inproceedings{bb356824,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Tagougui, N. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Off-Line Features Integration for On-Line Handwriting Graphemes
Modeling Improvement",
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        YEAR = "2012",
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@inproceedings{bb356825,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Chaabouni, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fuzzy Segmentation and Graphemes Modeling for Online Arabic Handwriting
Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "695-700",
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@inproceedings{bb356826,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and El Baati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Online Arabic Handwriting Modeling System Based on the Graphemes
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        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
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@inproceedings{bb356827,
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        YEAR = "2010",
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@inproceedings{bb356828,
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@inproceedings{bb356829,
        AUTHOR = "Saabni, R. and El Sana, J.",
        TITLE = "Efficient Generation of Comprehensive Database for Online Arabic Script
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        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "1231-1235",
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@inproceedings{bb356830,
        AUTHOR = "Daifallah, K. and Zarka, N. and Jamous, H.",
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        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "886-890",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351018"}

@inproceedings{bb356831,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351019"}

@inproceedings{bb356832,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
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Using Directional Local Profile",
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@inproceedings{bb356833,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
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Handwritten Arabic Text Lines",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
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@inproceedings{bb356834,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Setlur, S. and Govindaraju, V.",
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adaptive local connectivity map",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
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        PAGES = "II: 794-798",
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@inproceedings{bb356835,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Historical document image enhancement using background light intensity
normalization",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "I: 473-476",
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@inproceedings{bb356836,
        AUTHOR = "Wshah, S. and Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton
Segmentation",
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@inproceedings{bb356837,
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Machines",
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@inproceedings{bb356838,
        AUTHOR = "Abd Almageed, W. and Kumar, J. and Doermann, D.S.",
        TITLE = "Page Rule-Line Removal Using Linear Subspaces in Monochromatic
Handwritten Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
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@inproceedings{bb356839,
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        TITLE = "A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
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@inproceedings{bb356840,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Zahour, A. and Elabed, H. and Benabdelhafid, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Unsupervised Block Covering Analysis for Text-Line Segmentation of
Arabic Ancient Handwritten Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR10,
        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "1929-1932",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351028"}

@inproceedings{bb356841,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Combining of Off-line and On-line Feature Extraction Approaches for
Writer Identification",
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@inproceedings{bb356842,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Multi-fractal Modeling for On-line Text-Independent Writer
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        YEAR = "2011",
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@inproceedings{bb356843,
        AUTHOR = "Chaabouni, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Fractal and Multi-fractal for Arabic Offline Writer Identification",
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        YEAR = "2010",
        PAGES = "3793-3796",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351031"}

@inproceedings{bb356844,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and Alimi, A.M.",
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@inproceedings{bb356845,
        AUTHOR = "Elbaati, A. and Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Ennaji, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Restored Stroke Chronology",
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        YEAR = "2009",
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@inproceedings{bb356846,
        AUTHOR = "Boubaker, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "New Algorithm of Straight or Curved Baseline Detection for Short Arabic
Handwritten Writing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
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@inproceedings{bb356847,
        AUTHOR = "Hamdani, M. and El Abed, H. and Kherallah, M. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for
Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
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@inproceedings{bb356848,
        AUTHOR = "El Abed, H. and Margner, V.",
        TITLE = "A Framework for the Combination of Different Arabic Handwritten Word
Recognition Systems",
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@inproceedings{bb356849,
        AUTHOR = "Boussellaa, W. and Bougacha, A. and Zahour, A. and El Abed, H. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Enhanced Text Extraction from Arabic Degraded Document Images Using EM
Algorithm",
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@inproceedings{bb356850,
        AUTHOR = "Haboubi, S. and Maddouri, S. and Ellouze, N. and El Abed, H.",
        TITLE = "Invariant Primitives for Handwritten Arabic Script:
A Contrastive Study of Four Feature Sets",
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@inproceedings{bb356851,
        AUTHOR = "Dreuw, P. and Jonas, S. and Ney, H.",
        TITLE = "White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition",
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@inproceedings{bb356852,
        AUTHOR = "Prasad, R. and Saleem, S. and Kamali, M. and Meermeier, R. and Natarajan, P.",
        TITLE = "Improvements in hidden Markov model based Arabic OCR",
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@inproceedings{bb356853,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Belaid, A. and Kacem, A.",
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lexicon",
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@inproceedings{bb356854,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Cheikh, I. and Kacem, A.",
        TITLE = "Neural Network for the Recognition of Handwritten Tunisian City Names",
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        YEAR = "2007",
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@inproceedings{bb356855,
        AUTHOR = "Ali, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwritten Characters Classification Using Learning Vector
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        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
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@inproceedings{bb356856,
        AUTHOR = "Amrouch, M. and Elyassa, M. and Rachidi, A. and Mammass, D.",
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        BOOKTITLE = ICISP08,
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@inproceedings{bb356857,
        AUTHOR = "Srihari, S.N. and Ball, G.R. and Srinivasan, H.",
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        YEAR = "2006",
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@inproceedings{bb356858,
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Joining Rules",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
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@inproceedings{bb356859,
        AUTHOR = "Lopresti, D.P. and Nagy, G. and Seth, S.C. and Zhang, X.L.",
        TITLE = "Multi-character Field Recognition for Arabic and Chinese Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
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@inproceedings{bb356860,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amor, N. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "An Approach for Multifont Arabic Characters Features Extraction Based
on Contourlet Transform",
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@inproceedings{bb356861,
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@inproceedings{bb356862,
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fractals",
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@inproceedings{bb356864,
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Based on Steerable Pyramid Features",
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        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "591-595",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351052"}

@inproceedings{bb356865,
        AUTHOR = "Jlaiel, M.B. and Kanoun, S. and Alimi, A.M. and Mullot, R.",
        TITLE = "Three decision levels strategy for Arabic and Latin texts
differentiation in printed and handwritten natures",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1103-1107",
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@inproceedings{bb356866,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Ennaji, A. and Lecourtier, Y. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Script and nature differentiation for Arabic and Latin text images",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
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@inproceedings{bb356867,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Ennaji, A. and Lecourtier, Y. and Alimi, A.M.",
        TITLE = "Linguistic integration information in the aabatas arabic text analysis
system",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
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@inproceedings{bb356868,
        AUTHOR = "Gazzah, S. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Handwriting Texture Analysis for Writer Identification Using the
DWT-Lifting Scheme",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "1133-1137",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351056"}

@inproceedings{bb356869,
        AUTHOR = "Zahour, A. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Boussellaa, W. and Taconet, B.",
        TITLE = "Text Line Segmentation of Historical Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
        PAGES = "138-142",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351057"}

@inproceedings{bb356870,
        AUTHOR = "Bulacu, M. and Schomaker, L.R.B. and Brink, A.A.",
        TITLE = "Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification on Offline
Arabic Handwriting",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
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@inproceedings{bb356871,
        AUTHOR = "Attia, M. and El Mahallawy, M.",
        TITLE = "Histogram-Based Lines and Words Decomposition for Arabic Omni
Font-Written OCR Systems; Enhancements and Evaluation",
        BOOKTITLE = CAIP07,
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@inproceedings{bb356872,
        AUTHOR = "Zheng, L.Y.",
        TITLE = "Machine Printed Arabic Character Recognition Using S-GCM",
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@inproceedings{bb356873,
        AUTHOR = "Farooq, F. and Govindaraju, V. and Perrone, M.",
        TITLE = "Pre-processing methods for handwritten Arabic documents",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "I: 267-271",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351061"}

@inproceedings{bb356874,
        AUTHOR = "Chan, J. and Ziftci, C. and Forsyth, D.A.",
        TITLE = "Searching Off-line Arabic Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR06,
        YEAR = "2006",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351062"}

@inproceedings{bb356875,
        AUTHOR = "Ben Amor, N. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Combining a hybrid Approach for Features Selection and Hidden Markov
Models in Multifont Arabic Characters Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = DIAL06,
        YEAR = "2006",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351063"}

@inproceedings{bb356876,
        AUTHOR = "Xiu, P.P. and Peng, L.R. and Ding, X.Q.",
        TITLE = "Multi-Queue Merging Scheme And Its Application in Arabic Script
Segmentation",
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        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "24-29",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351064"}

@inproceedings{bb356877,
        AUTHOR = "Xiu, P.P. and Peng, L.R. and Ding, X.Q. and Wang, H.",
        TITLE = "Offline Handwritten Arabic Character Segmentation with Probabilistic
Model",
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        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "402-412",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351065"}

@inproceedings{bb356878,
        AUTHOR = "El Hajj, R. and Likforman Sulem, L. and Mokbel, C.",
        TITLE = "Arabic handwriting recognition using baseline dependant features and
hidden Markov modeling",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 893-897",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351066"}

@inproceedings{bb356879,
        AUTHOR = "Kanoun, S. and Slimane, F. and Guesmi, H. and Ingold, R. and Alimi, A.M. and Hennebert, J.",
        TITLE = "Affixal Approach versus Analytical Approach for Off-Line Arabic
Decomposable Vocabulary Recognition",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351067"}

@inproceedings{bb356880,
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validation on printed word in only one font",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 1025-1029",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351068"}

@inproceedings{bb356881,
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        TITLE = "HMM based approach for handwritten Arabic word recognition using the
IFN/ENIT - database",
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        YEAR = "2003",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351069"}

@inproceedings{bb356882,
        AUTHOR = "Al Ma'adeed, S. and Higgens, C.A. and Elliman, D.",
        TITLE = "Recognition of off-line handwritten Arabic words using hidden Markov
model approach",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR02,
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        PAGES = "III: 481-484",
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@inproceedings{bb356883,
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@inproceedings{bb356884,
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(MOLEX)",
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        YEAR = "2002",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351072"}

@inproceedings{bb356885,
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        TITLE = "Baseline estimation for Arabic handwritten words",
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@inproceedings{bb356886,
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@inproceedings{bb356887,
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@inproceedings{bb356888,
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        YEAR = "2002",
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@inproceedings{bb356889,
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@inproceedings{bb356890,
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        PAGES = "Poster Session",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT351078"}

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document images",
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bipartite graph",
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