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@article{bb330803,
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@inproceedings{bb330804,
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System",
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@inproceedings{bb330805,
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Cursive Arabic Text, Statistical Features and Interconnected HMMs",
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@inproceedings{bb330806,
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@inproceedings{bb330807,
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@article{bb330808,
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State of the art and perspectives",
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@inproceedings{bb330809,
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Etat de l'art",
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@article{bb330810,
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@inproceedings{bb330811,
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Arabic Characters",
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@article{bb330812,
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@article{bb330813,
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online Arabic character recognition by an associative memory",
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@inproceedings{bb330814,
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character recognition by a self organizing map",
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@inproceedings{bb330815,
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application to Arabic character recognition",
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@inproceedings{bb330816,
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@inproceedings{bb330818,
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de Kohonen",
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@article{bb330819,
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@article{bb330821,
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        AUTHOR = "Lorigo, L.M. and Govindaraju, V.",
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@article{bb330823,
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@article{bb330825,
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@article{bb330826,
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@article{bb330827,
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@article{bb330830,
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@book{bb330846,
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@article{bb330847,
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@article{bb330849,
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@article{bb330850,
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@article{bb330851,
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@inproceedings{bb330857,
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@article{bb330858,
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@article{bb330859,
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@article{bb330861,
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        TITLE = "An Arabic handwriting synthesis system",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325169"}

@article{bb330862,
        AUTHOR = "Abdi, M.N. and Khemakhem, M.",
        TITLE = "A model-based approach to offline text-independent Arabic writer
identification and verification",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325170"}

@article{bb330863,
        AUTHOR = "Abandah, G.A. and Graves, A. and Al Shagoor, B. and Arabiyat, A. and Jamour, F. and Al Taee, M.",
        TITLE = "Automatic diacritization of Arabic text using recurrent neural networks",
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        PAGES = "183-197",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325171"}

@article{bb330864,
        AUTHOR = "Mousa, M.A.A. and Sayed, M.S. and Abdalla, M.I.",
        TITLE = "An efficient algorithm for Arabic optical font recognition using
scale-invariant detector",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "3",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325172"}

@article{bb330865,
        AUTHOR = "Fouladi, K. and Araabi, B.N.",
        TITLE = "Toward automatic development of handwritten personal Farsi/Arabic
OpenType ® fonts",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "249-262",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325173"}

@article{bb330866,
        AUTHOR = "Chergui, L. and Kef, M.",
        TITLE = "SIFT descriptors for Arabic handwriting recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "2015",
        NUMBER = "4",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325174"}

@inproceedings{bb330867,
        AUTHOR = "Chergui, L. and Kef, M.",
        TITLE = "A Serial Combination of Neural Network for Arabic OCR",
        BOOKTITLE = ICISP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "297-303",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325175"}

@article{bb330868,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Mahmoud, S.A. and Fink, G.A.",
        TITLE = "Open-vocabulary recognition of machine-printed Arabic text using
hidden Markov models",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        YEAR = "2016",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325176"}

@article{bb330869,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Roy, P.P. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Feature Set Evaluation for Offline Handwriting Recognition Systems:
Application to the Recurrent Neural Network Model",
        JOURNAL = Cyber,
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        YEAR = "2016",
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        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "2825-2836",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325177"}

@inproceedings{bb330870,
        AUTHOR = "Chherawala, Y. and Roy, P.P. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Feature Design for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition:
Handcrafted vs Automated?",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
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        PAGES = "290-294",
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@inproceedings{bb330871,
        AUTHOR = "Menasri, F. and Vincent, N. and Cheriet, M. and Augustin, E.",
        TITLE = "Shape-Based Alphabet for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR07,
        YEAR = "2007",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325179"}

@inproceedings{bb330872,
        AUTHOR = "Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Visual Recognition of Arabic Handwriting: Challenges and New Directions",
        BOOKTITLE = SACH06,
        YEAR = "2006",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325180"}

@article{bb330873,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "Contribution of recurrent connectionist language models in improving
LSTM-based Arabic text recognition in videos",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "64",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "245-254",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325181"}

@inproceedings{bb330874,
        AUTHOR = "Yousfi, S. and Berrani, S.A. and Garcia, C.",
        TITLE = "Deep learning and recurrent connectionist-based approaches for Arabic
text recognition in videos",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1026-1030",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325182"}

@article{bb330875,
        AUTHOR = "Lamghari, N. and Raghay, S.",
        TITLE = "DBAHCL: database for Arabic handwritten characters and ligatures",
        JOURNAL = MultInfoRetr,
        VOLUME = "6",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "263-269",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325183"}

@article{bb330876,
        AUTHOR = "Sepahvand, M. and Abdali Mohammadi, F. and Mardukhi, F.",
        TITLE = "Evolutionary Metric-Learning-Based Recognition Algorithm for Online
Isolated Persian/Arabic Characters, Reconstructed Using Inertial Pen
Signals",
        JOURNAL = Cyber,
        VOLUME = "47",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "2872-2884",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325184"}

@article{bb330877,
        AUTHOR = "Al Helali, B.M. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR): A Survey",
        JOURNAL = Surveys,
        VOLUME = "50",
        YEAR = "2017",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "Article No 33",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325185"}

@article{bb330878,
        AUTHOR = "Elanwar, R. and Qin, W. and Betke, M.",
        TITLE = "Making scanned Arabic documents machine accessible using an ensemble of
SVM classifiers",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "1-2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "59-75",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325186"}

@article{bb330879,
        AUTHOR = "Doush, I.A. and Alkhateeb, F. and Gharaibeh, A.H.",
        TITLE = "A novel Arabic OCR post-processing using rule-based and word context
techniques",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "1-2",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "77-89",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325187"}

@article{bb330880,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Touj, S.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Multi-dimensional long short-term memory networks for artificial Arabic
text recognition in news video",
        JOURNAL = IET-CV,
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        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "710-719",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325188"}

@inproceedings{bb330881,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Hennebert, J. and Touj, S.M. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "A dataset for Arabic text detection, tracking and recognition in news
videos- AcTiV",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "996-1000",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325189"}

@inproceedings{bb330882,
        AUTHOR = "Zayene, O. and Touj, S.M. and Hennebert, J. and Ingold, R. and Ben Amara, N.E.",
        TITLE = "Semi-automatic news video annotation framework for Arabic text",
        BOOKTITLE = IPTA14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "1-6",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325190"}

@article{bb330883,
        AUTHOR = "Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Hybrid LSTM/MaxEnt Networks for Arabic Syntactic Diacritics
Restoration",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "25",
        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1515-1519",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325191"}

@article{bb330884,
        AUTHOR = "Bougamouza, F. and Hazmoune, S. and Benmohammed, M.",
        TITLE = "Normalisation of handwriting speed for online Arabic characters
recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJCVR,
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        YEAR = "2018",
        NUMBER = "6",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325192"}

@article{bb330885,
        AUTHOR = "Adam, K. and Baig, A. and Al Maadeed, S. and Bouridane, A. and El Menshawy, S.",
        TITLE = "KERTAS: dataset for automatic dating of ancient Arabic manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
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        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "283-290",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325193"}

@article{bb330886,
        AUTHOR = "Jemni, S.K. and Kessentini, Y. and Kanoun, S.",
        TITLE = "Out of vocabulary word detection and recovery in Arabic handwritten
text recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325194"}

@article{bb330887,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325195"}

@inproceedings{bb330888,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
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@inproceedings{bb330889,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Fink, G.A.",
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training data set",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "476-480",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325197"}

@inproceedings{bb330890,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmad, I. and Rothacker, L. and Fink, G.A. and Mahmoud, S.A.",
        TITLE = "Novel Sub-character HMM Models for Arabic Text Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR13,
        YEAR = "2013",
        PAGES = "658-662",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325198"}

@inproceedings{bb330891,
        AUTHOR = "Elarian, Y. and Ahmad, I. and Awaida, S. and Al Khatib, W. and Zidouri, A.",
        TITLE = "Arabic ligatures: Analysis and application in text recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "896-900",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325199"}

@article{bb330892,
        AUTHOR = "Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Open Vocabulary Arabic Diacritics Restoration",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
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        YEAR = "2019",
        NUMBER = "10",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325200"}

@article{bb330893,
        AUTHOR = "Omari, M. and Jaafri, Y.O. and Dlim, R.",
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Arabic Manuscripts",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
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        YEAR = "2020",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "2050013",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325201"}

@article{bb330894,
        AUTHOR = "Ibn Khedher, M. and Jmila, H. and El Yacoubi, M.A.",
        TITLE = "Automatic processing of Historical Arabic Documents: A comprehensive
Survey",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        YEAR = "2020",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325202"}

@article{bb330895,
        AUTHOR = "Elaiwat, S.",
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documents",
        JOURNAL = PR,
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        YEAR = "2021",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325203"}

@article{bb330896,
        AUTHOR = "Elkhayati, M. and Elkettani, Y. and Mourchid, M.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Handwritten Arabic Graphemes Using a Directed
Convolutional Neural Network and Mathematical Morphology Operations",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "122",
        YEAR = "2022",
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        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325204"}

@article{bb330897,
        AUTHOR = "Gagaoua, M. and Ghilas, H. and Tari, A. and Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Histogram of Marked Background (HMB) Feature Extraction Method for
Arabic Handwriting Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJIG,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2022",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "2250015",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325205"}

@article{bb330898,
        AUTHOR = "Zoizou, A. and Zarghili, A. and Chaker, I.",
        TITLE = "MOJ-DB: A new database of Arabic historical handwriting and a novel
approach for subwords extraction",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "159",
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "54-60",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325206"}

@article{bb330899,
        AUTHOR = "Shamardan, H. and Hifny, Y.",
        TITLE = "Arabic Diacritics Restoration Using Maximum Entropy Language Models",
        JOURNAL = SPLetters,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "2023",
        PAGES = "1227-1231",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1032.html#TT325207"}

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