@inproceedings{bb373300,
        AUTHOR = "Huang, J. and Liang, K.J. and Kovvuri, R. and Hassner, T.",
        TITLE = "Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = TextEvery22,
        YEAR = "2022",
        PAGES = "297-313",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367452"}

@inproceedings{bb373301,
        AUTHOR = "Brodic, D. and Amelio, A. and Milivojevic, Z.N.",
        TITLE = "An Image Texture Analysis Method for Minority Language Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = IWCIA17,
        YEAR = "2017",
        PAGES = "280-293",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367453"}

@inproceedings{bb373302,
        AUTHOR = "Singh, A.K. and Jawahar, C.V.",
        TITLE = "Can RNNs reliably separate script and language at word and line
level?",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "976-980",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367454"}

@inproceedings{bb373303,
        AUTHOR = "Ray, A. and Rajeswar, S. and Chaudhury, S.",
        TITLE = "OCR for bilingual documents using language modeling",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1256-1260",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367455"}

@inproceedings{bb373304,
        AUTHOR = "Ul Hasan, A. and Afzal, M.Z. and Shafait, F. and Liwicki, M. and Breuel, T.M.",
        TITLE = "A sequence learning approach for multiple script identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1046-1050",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367456"}

@inproceedings{bb373305,
        AUTHOR = "Wahyono and Jeong, M. and Jo, K.H.",
        TITLE = "Multi language text detection using fast stroke width transform",
        BOOKTITLE = FCV15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "1-4",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367457"}

@inproceedings{bb373306,
        AUTHOR = "Bai, J.F. and Chen, Z. and Feng, B. and Xu, B.",
        TITLE = "Image character recognition using deep convolutional neural network
learned from different languages",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP14,
        YEAR = "2014",
        PAGES = "2560-2564",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367458"}

@inproceedings{bb373307,
        AUTHOR = "del Agua, M.A. and Serrano, N. and Juan, A.",
        TITLE = "Language Identification for Interactive Handwriting Transcription of
Multilingual Documents",
        BOOKTITLE = IbPRIA11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "596-603",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367459"}

@inproceedings{bb373308,
        AUTHOR = "Song, Y.H. and Xiao, G.L. and Zhang, Y.L. and Yang, L. and Zhao, L.L.",
        TITLE = "A Handwritten Character Extraction Algorithm for Multi-language
Document Image",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR11,
        YEAR = "2011",
        PAGES = "93-98",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367460"}

@inproceedings{bb373309,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, K. and Jin, J.M. and Wang, Q.R.",
        TITLE = "High Performance Chinese/English Mixed OCR with Character Level
Language Identification",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR09,
        YEAR = "2009",
        PAGES = "406-410",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367461"}

@inproceedings{bb373310,
        AUTHOR = "Peake, G.S. and Tan, T.N.",
        TITLE = "Script and Language Identification from Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = BMVC97,
        YEAR = "1997",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002ls1.html#TT367462"}

@article{bb373311,
        AUTHOR = "Vlontzos, J.A. and Kung, S.Y.",
        TITLE = "Hidden Markov Models For Character Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IP,
        VOLUME = "1",
        YEAR = "1992",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "539-543",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367463"}

@article{bb373312,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Illingworth, J.",
        TITLE = "Combination of HMMs for the Representation of Printed Characters
in Noisy Document Images",
        JOURNAL = IVC,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "385-392",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367464"}

@article{bb373313,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Illingworth, J. and Procter, S.",
        TITLE = "The Advantage of Using an HMM-based Approach for Faxed Word Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "1",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367465"}

@inproceedings{bb373314,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J.",
        TITLE = "The Representation and Recognition of Text
Using Hidden Markov Models",
        BOOKTITLE = Ph.D.,
        YEAR = "1996",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367466"}

@inproceedings{bb373315,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Procter, S. and Illingworth, J.",
        TITLE = "The recognition of handwritten digit strings of unknown length using
hidden Markov models",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR98,
        YEAR = "1998",
        PAGES = "Vol II: 1515-1517",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367467"}

@article{bb373316,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Illingworth, J.",
        TITLE = "A Hidden Markov Model Approach for Degraded and
Connected Character Recognition: A European Perspective",
        JOURNAL = "IEE Digest",
        VOLUME = "123",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "8",
        PAGES = "1-7",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367468"}

@inproceedings{bb373317,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J.",
        TITLE = "A Connected Character Recogniser Using Level Building of HMMS",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "B:439-441",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367469"}

@inproceedings{bb373318,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Illingworth, J.",
        TITLE = "The Recognition of Noise Polyfont Printed Text Using Combined HMMS",
        BOOKTITLE = SDAIR95,
        YEAR = "1995",
        PAGES = "203-216",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367470"}

@inproceedings{bb373319,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Illingworth, J.",
        TITLE = "Modelling Polyfont Printed Characters with HMMS and a
Shift Invariant Hamming Distance",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR95,
        YEAR = "1995",
        PAGES = "504-507",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367471"}

@inproceedings{bb373320,
        AUTHOR = "Elms, A.J. and Illingworth, J.",
        TITLE = "Combination HMMs for the Recognition of Noisy Printed Characters",
        BOOKTITLE = BMVC94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "185-194",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367472"}

@article{bb373321,
        AUTHOR = "Kim, H.J. and Kim, S.K. and Kim, K.H. and Lee, J.K.",
        TITLE = "An HMM-Based Character-Recognition Network Using Level Building",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "1997",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "491-502",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367473"}

@article{bb373322,
        AUTHOR = "Schenkel, M. and Jabri, M.",
        TITLE = "Low-Resolution, Degraded Document Recognition Using
Neural Networks and Hidden Markov Models",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "19",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "3-4",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "365-371",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367474"}

@article{bb373323,
        AUTHOR = "Yen, C. and Kuo, S. and Lee, C.H.",
        TITLE = "Minimum Error Rate Training for PHMM-Based Text Recognition",
        JOURNAL = IP,
        VOLUME = "8",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "1120-1124",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367475"}

@inproceedings{bb373324,
        AUTHOR = "Fujii, Y. and Genzel, D. and Popat, A.C. and Teunen, R.",
        TITLE = "Label transition and selection pruning and automatic decoding
parameter optimization for time-synchronous Viterbi decoding",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR15,
        YEAR = "2015",
        PAGES = "756-760",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367476"}

@inproceedings{bb373325,
        AUTHOR = "Zimmermann, M. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Hidden markov model length optimization for handwriting recognition
systems",
        BOOKTITLE = FHR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "369-374",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367477"}

@inproceedings{bb373326,
        AUTHOR = "Zimmermann, M. and Bunke, H.",
        TITLE = "Automatic segmentation of the IAM off-line database for handwritten
English text",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "IV: 35-39",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367478"}

@inproceedings{bb373327,
        AUTHOR = "Anigbogu, J.C. and Belaid, A.",
        TITLE = "Performance evaluation of an HMM based OCR system",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "II:565-568",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367479"}

@inproceedings{bb373328,
        AUTHOR = "Ma, Y.L.",
        TITLE = "Pattern Recognition by Markovian Dynamic Programming",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR84,
        YEAR = "1984",
        PAGES = "1259-1262",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1002.html#TT367480"}

@inproceedings{bb373329,
        AUTHOR = "Bednar, G.M. and Fryer, G.B.",
        TITLE = "Method and apparatus for segmenting character images",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1985",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367481"}

@inproceedings{bb373330,
        AUTHOR = "Tappert, C.C.",
        TITLE = "Recognition system for run-on handwritten characters",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1988",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367482"}

@inproceedings{bb373331,
        AUTHOR = "Tanaka, H. and Katurada, M. and Konya, M.",
        TITLE = "Method of detecting a space between words with optical character reader",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1989",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367483"}

@inproceedings{bb373332,
        AUTHOR = "Feldgajer, O.",
        TITLE = "Universal character segmentation scheme for multifont OCR images",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1990",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367484"}

@inproceedings{bb373333,
        AUTHOR = "Tsujimoto, S. and Asada, H.",
        TITLE = "Resolving Ambiguity in Segmenting Touching Characters",
        BOOKTITLE = SDIA92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "xx-yy",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367485"}

@inproceedings{bb373334,
        AUTHOR = "Fenrich, R.K. and Srihari, S.N.",
        TITLE = "System for recognizing handwritten character strings containing
overlapping and/or broken characters",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1994",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367486"}

@inproceedings{bb373335,
        AUTHOR = "Niki, T.",
        TITLE = "Image processing for pattern extraction",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1994",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367487"}

@article{bb373336,
        AUTHOR = "Casey, R.G. and Lecolinet, E.",
        TITLE = "A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character Segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "7",
        MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "690-706",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367488"}

@inproceedings{bb373337,
        AUTHOR = "Lecolinet, E.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation d'images de mots manuscrits",
        BOOKTITLE = Ph.D.,
        YEAR = "1990",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367489"}

@article{bb373338,
        AUTHOR = "Lu, Y.",
        TITLE = "Machine printed character segmentation: An overview",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "28",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "67-80",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367490"}

@article{bb373339,
        AUTHOR = "Lu, Y. and Shridhar, M.",
        TITLE = "Character Segmentation in Handwritten Words: An Overview",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "29",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "77-96",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367491"}

@article{bb373340,
        AUTHOR = "Hoffman, R.L. and McCullough, J.W.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation Methods for Recognition of Machine-Printed Characters",
        JOURNAL = IBMRD,
        VOLUME = "15",
        YEAR = "1971",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "153-165",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367492"}

@article{bb373341,
        AUTHOR = "Parui, S.K. and Chaudhuri, B.B. and Majumder, D.D.",
        TITLE = "A Procedure for Recognition of Connected Handwritten Numerals",
        JOURNAL = IJSS,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "1982",
        NUMBER = "9",
        PAGES = "1019-1029",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367493"}

@article{bb373342,
        AUTHOR = "Mori, S. and Gillespie, W. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Constrained Bidirectional Propagation and Stroke Segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "1",
        YEAR = "1983",
        PAGES = "161-167",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367494"}

@article{bb373343,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, L. and Pavlidis, T.",
        TITLE = "Direct Gray-Scale Extraction of Features for Character Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "15",
        YEAR = "1993",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1053-1067",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367495"}

@inproceedings{bb373344,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, L. and Pavlidis, T.",
        TITLE = "A geometric approach to machine-printed character recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = CVPR92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "665-668",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367496"}

@article{bb373345,
        AUTHOR = "Fukushima, K. and Imagawa, T.",
        TITLE = "Recognition and Segmentation of Connected Characters with 
Selective Attention",
        JOURNAL = NeurNet,
        VOLUME = "6",
        YEAR = "1993",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "33-41",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367497"}

@article{bb373346,
        AUTHOR = "Rocha, J. and Pavlidis, T.",
        TITLE = "A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a 
Character Recognition System",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "16",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "393-404",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367498"}

@inproceedings{bb373347,
        AUTHOR = "Pavlidis, T. and Rocha, J.",
        TITLE = "A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a 
Character Recognition System",
        BOOKTITLE = WACV92,
        YEAR = "1992",
        PAGES = "182-189",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367498"}

@article{bb373348,
        AUTHOR = "Rocha, J. and Pavlidis, T.",
        TITLE = "Character-Recognition Without Segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "17",
        YEAR = "1995",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "903-909",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367499"}

@article{bb373349,
        AUTHOR = "Rocha, J. and Pavlidis, T.",
        TITLE = "A Neew Method for Word Recognition Without Segmentation",
        JOURNAL = SPIE,
        VOLUME = "1906",
        YEAR = "1993",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "74-80",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367500"}

@article{bb373350,
        AUTHOR = "Weissman, H. and Schenkel, M. and Guyon, I. and Nohl, C. and Henderson, D.",
        TITLE = "Recognition-Based Segmentation of Online Run-On Handprinted Words:
Input vs. Output Segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "405-420",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367501"}

@article{bb373351,
        AUTHOR = "Guyon, I. and Albrecht, P. and Le Cun, Y.L. and Denker, J.S. and Hubbard, W.",
        TITLE = "Design of a Neural Network Character Recognizer for a Touch Terminal",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "24",
        YEAR = "1991",
        NUMBER = "2",
        PAGES = "105-119",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367502"}

@article{bb373352,
        AUTHOR = "Liang, S. and Shridhar, M. and Ahmadi, M.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation Of Touching Characters In Printed Document Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "825-840",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367503"}

@inproceedings{bb373353,
        AUTHOR = "Ahmadi, M. and Shridhar, M. and Liang, S.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation Of Touching Characters In Printed Document Recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR93,
        YEAR = "1993",
        PAGES = "569-572",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367503"}

@article{bb373354,
        AUTHOR = "Su, L. and Ahmadi, M. and Shridhar, M.",
        TITLE = "A Morphological Approach to Text String Extraction from Regular
Periodic Overlapping Text-Background Images",
        JOURNAL = GMIP,
        VOLUME = "56",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "402-413",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367504"}

@inproceedings{bb373355,
        AUTHOR = "Shridhar, M. and Ahmadi, M. and Su, L.",
        TITLE = "A Morphological Approach to Text String Extraction from Regular
Periodic Overlapping Text-Background Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP94,
        YEAR = "1994",
        PAGES = "I: 144-148",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367504"}

@article{bb373356,
        AUTHOR = "Wang, J. and Jean, J.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Merged Characters by Neural Networks and Shortest Path",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "27",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "649-658",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367505"}

@article{bb373357,
        AUTHOR = "Iliescu, S. and Shinghal, R. and Teo, R.Y.M.",
        TITLE = "Proposed Heuristic Procedures to Preprocess Character Patterns
Using Line Adjacency Graphs",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "29",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "951-975",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367506"}

@article{bb373358,
        AUTHOR = "Whichello, A.P. and Yan, H.",
        TITLE = "Linking Broken Character Borders with Variable Sized Masks to
Improve Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "29",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "1429-1435",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367507"}

@article{bb373359,
        AUTHOR = "Lee, S.W. and Lee, D.J. and Park, H.S.",
        TITLE = "A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "1045-1050",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367508"}

@article{bb373360,
        AUTHOR = "Park, H.S. and Lee, D.J. and Lee, S.W.",
        TITLE = "A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "18",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "1262",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367508"}

@article{bb373361,
        AUTHOR = "Holeva, L.F.",
        TITLE = "Foreground-Background Segmentation of Optical Character-Recognition
Labels by a Single Layer Recurrent Neural-Network",
        JOURNAL = JEI,
        VOLUME = "5",
        YEAR = "1996",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "225-236",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367509"}

@article{bb373362,
        AUTHOR = "Shi, Z.X. and Govindaraju, V.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation and Recognition of Connected Handwritten Numeral Strings",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "30",
        YEAR = "1997",
        NUMBER = "9",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "1501-1504",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367510"}

@article{bb373363,
        AUTHOR = "Liang, S. and Ahmadi, M. and Shridhar, M.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Handwritten Interference Marks Using Multiple Directional
Stroke Planes and Reformalized Morphological Approach",
        JOURNAL = IP,
        VOLUME = "6",
        YEAR = "1997",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "1195-1202",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367511"}

@inproceedings{bb373364,
        AUTHOR = "Huttenlocher, D.P. and Hopcroft, M.J.",
        TITLE = "Method of deriving wordshapes for subsequent comparison",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1997",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367512"}

@inproceedings{bb373365,
        AUTHOR = "Le Cun, Y.A.",
        TITLE = "Method and apparatus for standardization of inputs to
word recognition systems",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "1998",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367513"}

@article{bb373366,
        AUTHOR = "Tseng, L.Y. and Chen, R.C.",
        TITLE = "Segmenting Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Heuristic Merging
of Stroke Bounding Boxes and Dynamic Programming",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "19",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "963-973",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367514"}

@article{bb373367,
        AUTHOR = "Bae, J.H. and Jung, K.C. and Kim, J.W. and Kim, H.J.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of Touching Characters Using an MLP",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "19",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "701-709",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367515"}

@article{bb373368,
        AUTHOR = "Yanikoglu, B.A. and Sandon, P.A.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of off-line cursive handwriting using linear programming",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "1825-1833",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367516"}

@article{bb373369,
        AUTHOR = "Yu, D.G. and Yan, H.",
        TITLE = "Separation of single-touching handwritten numeral strings based on
structural features",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "31",
        YEAR = "1998",
        NUMBER = "12",
        MONTH = "December",
        PAGES = "1835-1847",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367517"}

@article{bb373370,
        AUTHOR = "Yu, D.G. and Yan, H.",
        TITLE = "Separation of touching handwritten multi-numeral strings based on
morphological structural features",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "3",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "587-599",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367518"}

@article{bb373371,
        AUTHOR = "Yu, D.G. and Yan, H.",
        TITLE = "Reconstruction of broken handwritten digits based on structural
morphological features",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "34",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "235-254",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367519"}

@article{bb373372,
        AUTHOR = "Lu, Z.K. and Chi, Z. and Siu, W.C. and Shi, P.F.",
        TITLE = "A background-thinning-based approach for separating and recognizing
connected handwritten digit strings",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "32",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "921-933",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367520"}

@article{bb373373,
        AUTHOR = "Nakajima, Y. and Mori, S. and Takegami, S. and Sato, S.",
        TITLE = "Global methods for stroke segmentation",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "2",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "19-23",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367521"}

@article{bb373374,
        AUTHOR = "Chang, T.C. and Chen, S.Y.",
        TITLE = "Character Segmentation Using Convex-Hull Techniques",
        JOURNAL = PRAI,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "September",
        PAGES = "833",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367522"}

@article{bb373375,
        AUTHOR = "Yanikoglu, B.A.",
        TITLE = "Pitch Based Segmentation and Recognition of Dot-Matrix Text",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "3",
        YEAR = "2000",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "34-39",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367523"}

@article{bb373376,
        AUTHOR = "Xiao, X.H. and Leedham, G.",
        TITLE = "Knowledge-based English cursive script segmentation",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "21",
        YEAR = "2000",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "October",
        PAGES = "945-954",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367524"}

@inproceedings{bb373377,
        AUTHOR = "Chen, Y. and Leedham, G.",
        TITLE = "Independent component analysis segmentation algorithm",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR05,
        YEAR = "2005",
        PAGES = "II: 680-684",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367525"}

@article{bb373378,
        AUTHOR = "Zhu, X.Y. and Hao, Y. and Shi, Y.F. and Wang, S.",
        TITLE = "A Criterion Based on Fourier Transform for
Segmentation of Connected Digits",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "3",
        YEAR = "2000",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES = "27-33",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367526"}

@article{bb373379,
        AUTHOR = "Cheriet, M.",
        TITLE = "Extraction of Handwritten Data from Noisy Gray-Level Images Using a
Multiscale Approach",
        JOURNAL = PRAI,
        VOLUME = "13",
        YEAR = "1999",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "665",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367527"}

@inproceedings{bb373380,
        AUTHOR = "Vaezi, M.R. and Sherrick, C.A.",
        TITLE = "Method and apparatus for character recognition",
        BOOKTITLE = US_Patent,
        YEAR = "2000",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367528"}

@article{bb373381,
        AUTHOR = "Azmi, R. and Kabir, E.",
        TITLE = "A new segmentation technique for omnifont Farsi text",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "2",
        MONTH = "February",
        PAGES = "97-104",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367529"}

@article{bb373382,
        AUTHOR = "Sharma, G.",
        TITLE = "Show-through cancellation in scans of duplex printed documents",
        JOURNAL = IP,
        VOLUME = "10",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "736-754",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367530"}

@inproceedings{bb373383,
        AUTHOR = "Sharma, G.",
        TITLE = "Cancellation of Show-through in Duplex Scanning",
        BOOKTITLE = ICIP00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "Vol II: 609-612",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367531"}

@article{bb373384,
        AUTHOR = "Ye, X.Y. and Cheriet, M. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Stroke-model-based character extraction from gray-level document images",
        JOURNAL = IP,
        VOLUME = "10",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "8",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "1152-1161",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367532"}

@article{bb373385,
        AUTHOR = "Melhi, M. and Ipson, S.S. and Booth, W.",
        TITLE = "A novel triangulation procedure for thinning hand-written text",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "22",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "10",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "1059-1071",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367533"}

@article{bb373386,
        AUTHOR = "Park, H.C. and Ok, S.Y. and Yu, Y.J. and Cho, H.G.",
        TITLE = "A word extraction algorithm for machine-printed documents using a 3D
neighborhood graph model",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "4",
        YEAR = "2001",
        NUMBER = "2 2001",
        PAGES = "115-130",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367534"}

@article{bb373387,
        AUTHOR = "Bansal, V. and Sinha, R.M.K.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of touching and fused Devanagari characters",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "April",
        PAGES = "875-893",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367535"}

@article{bb373388,
        AUTHOR = "Lu, Z.K. and Chi, Z. and Siu, W.C.",
        TITLE = "Extraction and Optimization of B-Spline PBD Templates for Recognition
of Connected Handwritten Digit Strings",
        JOURNAL = PAMI,
        VOLUME = "24",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "132-139",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367536"}

@article{bb373389,
        AUTHOR = "Zhou, J. and Krzyzak, A. and Suen, C.Y.",
        TITLE = "Verification Method of Enhancing the Recognizers of Isolated and
Touching Handwritten Numerals",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "5",
        MONTH = "May",
        PAGES = "1179-1189",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367537"}

@article{bb373390,
        AUTHOR = "Goto, H. and Aso, H.",
        TITLE = "Character pattern extraction from documents with complex backgrounds",
        JOURNAL = IJDAR,
        VOLUME = "4",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "4",
        PAGES = "258-268",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367538"}

@inproceedings{bb373391,
        AUTHOR = "Goto, H. and Aso, H.",
        TITLE = "Character Pattern Extraction Based on Local Multilevel Thresholding and
Region Growing",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR00,
        YEAR = "2000",
        PAGES = "Vol IV: 430-433",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367539"}

@article{bb373392,
        AUTHOR = "Goto, H. and Aso, H.",
        TITLE = "Screen Pattern Removal for Character Pattern Extraction from
High-Resolution Color Document Images",
        JOURNAL = IEICE,
        VOLUME = "E88-D",
        YEAR = "2005",
        NUMBER = "6",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "1310-1313",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367540"}

@inproceedings{bb373393,
        AUTHOR = "Aso, H. and Goto, H.",
        TITLE = "Screen Pattern Removal for Character Pattern Extraction from
High-Resolution Color Document Images",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR04,
        YEAR = "2004",
        PAGES = "I: 490-493",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367540"}

@inproceedings{bb373394,
        AUTHOR = "Goto, H. and Aso, H.",
        TITLE = "Character pattern extraction from colorful documents with complex
backgrounds",
        BOOKTITLE = ICPR02,
        YEAR = "2002",
        PAGES = "III: 180-183",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367541"}

@article{bb373395,
        AUTHOR = "Zhong, D.X.",
        TITLE = "Extraction of embedded and/or line-touching character-like objects",
        JOURNAL = PR,
        VOLUME = "35",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "11",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "2453-2466",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367542"}

@article{bb373396,
        AUTHOR = "Pal, U. and Belaid, A. and Choisy, C.",
        TITLE = "Touching numeral segmentation using water reservoir concept",
        JOURNAL = PRL,
        VOLUME = "24",
        YEAR = "2003",
        NUMBER = "1-3",
        MONTH = "January",
        PAGES = "261-272",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367543"}

@inproceedings{bb373397,
        AUTHOR = "Pal, U. and Belaid, A. and Choisy, C.",
        TITLE = "Water reservoir based approach for touching numeral segmentation",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "892-896",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367544"}

@article{bb373398,
        AUTHOR = "Garain, U. and Chaudhuri, B.B.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of touching characters in printed Devnagari and Bangla
scripts using fuzzy multifactorial analysis",
        JOURNAL = SMC-C,
        VOLUME = "32",
        YEAR = "2002",
        NUMBER = "4",
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "449-459",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367545"}

@inproceedings{bb373399,
        AUTHOR = "Chaudhuri, B.B. and Garain, U.",
        TITLE = "Segmentation of touching characters in printed Devnagari and Bangla
scripts using fuzzy multifactorial analysis",
        BOOKTITLE = ICDAR01,
        YEAR = "2001",
        PAGES = "805-809",
        BIBSOURCE = "http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/char1003.html#TT367545"}